Roketi ndi Space Khrunichev chomera

kampaniyo, wodziwika ngati chida Bzalani. Khrunichev (ngakhale mbiri yake, iwo anali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana), - nthano ya Russian sayansi ndi malonda. Izi kampani pafupifupi zaka 100. mankhwala chopangidwa ndi chomera, mwathunthu tinganene kuti nkhani ya kunyada dziko mu Russia. Izi lodziwika bwino roketi chonyamulira "purotoni", kulonjezedwa "Angara". Bzalani mapulani chimodzi mwa zinthu adzapeza mu chitukuko lonse danga makampani - ndi accelerator "Baikal". Company bulanchi kubala zosiyanasiyana makampani zogwirizana Azamlengalenga mankhwala ena Russian.

mankhwala

Mmodzi wa flagships wa makampani Russian chitetezo - roketi ndi Space Bzalani. Khrunichev. Dzinali boma kumene, zikumveka osiyana. Ndicho - Federal State Unitary ogwira "State Research ndi Yopanga Space Center wa MV Khrunichev. " akanikizire chabe ndipo kuti anthu tilankhule wina ndi mnzake pa dzina lalifupi munakhala - choncho mtundu uwu amadziwika.

Khrunichev fakitale mfundo - ndi mabizinezi angapo ili mu madera osiyana a Russia. Anapanga osiyanasiyana roketi ndi luso danga. Wotchuka mankhwala zitsanzo - roketi "purotoni", "kosmos-3M", "Rokot" ndi "Angara". Pakati pa zinthu adzapeza - reusable chilimbikitso "Baikal" zida.

nkhani

Khrunichev chomera poyamba unayambitsidwa ngati automaker amatchedwa "Russo-Balt-2." Chaka maziko ake - 1917 TH. Komabe, kuyambira cha m'ma 1920s anayamba kupangidwa ndege kwaiye ntchito ya ndege Tupolev, Ilyushin, Arkhangelsk, Petlyakova. Mu 1950, fakitale kutulutsa zoponya mabomba "njati", cholinga Myasishev. Mu 1961, mbewu Dzina pafupifupi zamakono - "Machine Building Bzalani dzina la MI Khrunichev "- nayamba amakhazikika mu ulimi wa roketi ndi danga luso. Pa mibadwo yochepa chabe nkhondo, "Salyut" siteshoni anamasulidwa ndi "mtendere". Mu 1993, mbewu Khrunichev anapeza dzina pano. akuphatikizapo m'gulu la Bureau "Patsani". Mu 2007, mawonekedwe ake panopa malamulo wakhala anatumizidwa kwa mbewu - la feduro mkhalidwe unitary ntchito. Pali nyumba osiyana monga Mwachitsanzo, kampani "Utali" (Moscow). Bzalani. Khrunichev komanso Chili Bureau dzina lake. Isayev, Voronezh Mawotchi Bzalani, ndipo mu 2008 limodzi ndi Perm ogwira ntchito za "purotoni-PM", mu 2012 - Ayenela-Katav Bzalani. SM Kirov.

"Purotoni" roketi

Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zambiri kuzindikira katundu chopangidwa ndi Center makampani awo. Khrunichev (mbewu, ndemanga zimene anthu akhala m'modzi wa maziko a kuzindikira pagulu la mphamvu ya makampani Soviet chitetezo - amene ankakhala mu Moscow) - roketi "purotoni". Iye anaonekera mu njira ya zochitika pa chilengedwe cha intercontinental ballistic chida Uri-500. M'kupita kwa wamakono wa ICBMs anaonekera chonyamulira "purotoni-K", umene wakhala, mu maganizo a akatswiri ambiri, chitsanzo bwino kwambiri chida Soviet mu gawo ake.

Malonda ntchito "purotoni-K" adaperekedwa mu 1996 (ilili European Astra 1F unayambitsidwa mu kanjira). Kenako, imalankhula zingapo kwa makasitomala zinachitikadi. Akatswiri Russian nawonso anayamba buku la "purotoni", ndinazolowera linanena bungwe katundu pa kanjira geostationary. Amene anasintha roketi, chimene chimatchedwa "purotoni-M" ndi zofala kwambiri ntchito pa mndandanda wake.

"Angara" roketi

Kukula kwa Launch galimoto "Angara", malinga ndi zimene akatswiri ambiri - imodzi mwa mbali zofunika kwambiri za makampani Russian danga. Ndi banja lonse nkhondo (ie iwo amene a kalasi "zosavuta", komanso amene ali "olemedwa" onyamula).

Zikuoneka kuti zitsanzo zina angalere kanjira matani 35 a katundu. Chitukuko chachikulu cha Russian mpikisano - Chimphamba roketi (mu Mabaibulo "katundu") wa kampani American SpaceX. Choona chidwi ndi kuti pano pali nkhondo pakati pa bungwe boma ndi kwa zaka mbiri ndi wamng'ono kwambiri kampani payekha, kulengedwa kuchokera zikande. Kukula kwa "Angara" zigawo nthawi yomweyo wachita osati Moscow - Chomera. Khrunichev anapeza zibwenzi mu Korea South. Mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito roketi "Angara" analenga accelerator "Baikal", anaikira amathamanga angapo.

Accelerator "Baikal"

Ntchito "Baikal" ndi losavuta mokwanira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuchita ntchito zofunika. Mothandizidwa ndi gawo chilimbikitso roketi limatuluka ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 70 Km. Ndiye injini anatembenuka "limatifotokozera", kenako chida mu kanjira. "Baikal" azungu detach kwa galimoto ndipo anabwerera ku dziko lapansi, monga ndege. Pambuyo kuyendera ndi kusintha kulikonse koyenera akhonza kugwiritsa ntchito yomanga kuti Khrunichev zomera ndi anthu, ponena kuti "Baikal" ndi mu mpweya nthawi 25 (koma m'kupita kukonza chithunzi ichi kwenikweni kubweretsa zovuta kwa 200).

Naye waukulu wa mbewu. Khrunichev pa ntchito ya "Baikal" - NPO "Molniya". Amaganiza kuti accelerator adzakhala ndi kulemera kuyambira matani pafupifupi 130,4 ndi kutalika kwa 27 mamita ndi awiri (pakati) wa 2.9 Nchito mamita kiyi chigawo "nyanja." - Amagwira Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana chida gawo (URM) okonzeka ndi mchira, mapiko, powerplant , galimotoyo ndi machitidwe ena.

injini

Mwana wamkazi pakati kapangidwe iwo. Khrunichev - "Voronezh Mawotchi Bzalani" - amatenga zosiyanasiyana injini kwa makampani Azamlengalenga. Mwambiriyakale, mayunitsi woyamba anali M-11 wokwera pa ndege PO-2. M'zaka nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse pa zomera anayamba kubala injini Phulusa 62IR, M14V26 ndi zitsanzo zina za aggregates kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndege. Popeza malemu '50s mu Voronezh amayamba kutulutsa injini danga-roketi: Rd-0109, Rd-0210, Rd-0114 (iwo anayamba "purotoni") ndi mayunitsi ena zamakono.

Tsopano fakitale akugwira ntchito pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa yopanga Rd-191 roketi "Angara". Pa mphindi, mwa makampani Russian yekha VSW angathe kutuluka kwa injini pisitoni ndege. Mayunitsi operekedwa Voronezh, anaika pa maphunziro ndi ndege masewera, ndi Helicopters zolinga zosiyanasiyana.