Reader comments: "1984" (Dzhordzh Oruell). A chidule cha chiwembu, kutanthauza

2 filimu anatengera, kufalitsa mu zinenero 60, 8 TH malo mu mndandanda wa pamwamba mabuku mazana awiri pa Baibulo la Air Force - zonsezi ndi buku lakuti "1984". Dzhordzh Oruell - wolemba buku yabwino dystopia, inkanyadira za malo pakati pa tsopano tingachipeze powerenga "Ife" Zamyatin ndi "Fahrenheit 451," Bradbury.

A pang'ono mbiri ya buku

Anabadwira ku India, munthu wogwira ntchito wakale wa asilikali atsamunda a Dzhordzh Oruell anasamukira ku Ulaya kuti akhale wolemba. ntchito yake yolenga wakhala noticeable pambuyo buku la buku kugonana, "Animal Farm" (kapena "Animal Farm"). Pofotokoza Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira lochitira ya anthu, kumenyera ufulu wa maganizo ndi kutsutsa ukapolo aliyense ufulu wa anthu wamba, wolemba chimafikira mutu wa buku "1984". Buku ukusonyeza chilakolako wolemba kusonyeza mmene opondereza boma, monga zimawononga anthu ndi dongosolo lonse.

Mwachibadwa, maganizo amenewo mwapang'onopang'ono n'zokayikitsa kusangalatsa a kulamulira authoritarian boma. "Farm Animal" mu Soviet Union ankatchedwa "odious" ndi parody njira chikhalidwe cha moyo, ndi Orwell anakhala mdani wa chikomyunizimu ndipo.

Akana mtundu uliwonse wa ukapolo wa munthu - thupi ndi makhalidwe kutsutsika chidzudzulo siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la ufulu anthu kumasula mawu - zonsezi monga maziko kutenga bukhu "1984". Dzhordzh Oruell ndidatsiriza ntchito pa buku lake mu 1948, ndipo kale mu 1949 kudali kuyatsa.

Zimene zachiwawa buku la ntchito osati kale kubwera. Pakati amasangalatsa anayamba kuwombera filimuyi, buku anamasuliridwa m'zinenero zina, ndipo wakhala mlandu plagiarism!

Mfundo yakuti buku "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell lofalitsidwa pambuyo buku la ntchito za Yevgeny Zamyatin "Ife", chifukwa cha zimene - ngati lingaliro la dongosolo ulamuliro wankhanza wa anthu ndi malamulo a kuthamanga pa zachinsinsi za munthu. Mlandu plagiarism chachotsedwa pambuyo ofufuza anali kufotokoza kuti Orwell kuwerenga "ife" atabadwa maganizo ake kulenga dystopia.

njira yotero, pamene olemba osiyana kufotokoza maganizo ofanana atengedwa pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo nawatsimikizira zogwirizana zandale ndiponso kusintha lonse anthu. njira zakale ku Ulaya m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, zikamera wa boma latsopano la Union of Soviet Socialist mayiko - umboni.

Storylines buku

Mu buku "1984" akhoza kugawidwa mu madera 2 yayikulu kwambiri mu pali chitukuko cha chiwembu, - pa umoyo ndale makhalidwe maganizo. m'madera ziwiri izi kotero zapiringizana kuti kumakhala kovuta kuti mungalingalire mmodzi payekha. Kufotokozera za moyo mfundo yachilendo kukuonetsedwa mwa prism malingaliro ndi maganizo a protagonist lapansi. Ubale pakati pa anthu komanso ndi kusonyeza zinthu zokhudza chikhalidwe, amene amatchedwa "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Analysis wa mankhwala N'zosatheka malangizo onse.

Wotchulidwa m'buku la zochitika chikuchitika mu nyanja - ndi mayiko amphamvu, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha dziko unagawika zigawo 3 waukulu pambuyo Chachitatu World nkhondo. Oceania umaimira Union of American States, Africa ndi Australia pa mutu wa pakati - United Kingdom. mbali zina ziwiri za dziko amatchedwa Europe ndi ku Asia (Soviet Union, ena a ku Ulaya, Turkey) ndi Ostaziey (panopa Asian mayiko).

Mu dziko lililonse la maiko awa pali bwino dongosolo masanjidwe wa mphamvu ndi, chotero, Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira gulu la anthu. Pamwamba pa bolodi m'nyanja - ndi phwando mkati. Limatchedwanso ya Big (achikulire) m'bale, amene nthawi zonse "kuonera inu". Mwachidule, dziko lonse ali m'manja okwana maphwando bwino-phiko mu dzina la "zabwino wamba". Big M'bale asaaonerera pa pyonsene - ntchito, moyo, ndi maganizo ake, makhalidwe. Ndani adzakhala "mysleprestupnikom" (kuganiza osati monga "amalola" phwando), kuyembekezera Chilango chaukali ...

Mwa njira, chikondi pang'ono - ndi thoughtcrime chomwecho. Aliyense amene ali kuonera chikondi mutu mabuku, adzapeza okha storyline wina. Mzere ubale wa protagonist ndi wokondedwa wake. Inde, pachiyambi. Chikondi pansi pa maso wofunafuna Big M'bale ...

Litseprestuplenie maganizo apolisi ndi telescreen

Mu "1984" ndi Oruell Dzhordzh limasonyeza bwanji mfundo likulowerera zachinsinsi za munthu. Control pa muzochitika zonse osati kuntchito, mu chipinda chodyera, shopu kapena chochitika msewu. Party oyang'anira ndi chakudya chamadzulo mu bwalo la abale, usana ndi usiku.

Izi pogwiritsa ntchito otchedwa telescreen - zipangizo zofanana TV anaikidwa m'misewu ndi m'makomo mwa anthu a chipani. cholinga chake ndi wapawiri. Choyamba, kuzungulira koloko kuulutsa nkhani zonama za zipambano mu Pacific nkhondo, mmene anakhala bwino kukhala State Party kutamanda. Ndipo kachiwiri, ndi kamera younikira moyo wa munthu. Telescreen zikhoza kukhala kutali ndi theka la ola ndi tsiku, koma sanapereke chitsimikizo kuti iye sali kukhala ndi njira yolongosoka zochitika zonse za nzika.

Kuunikira kugwilizana ndi "mfundo" moyo m'dziko anasonyeza MAGANIZO Police. Iye ankafunika mu nkhani ya kusamvera yomweyo akathyole mysleprestupnika ndi kuchita zonse zotheka kuti anthu anazindikira iwo anali kulakwitsa. Pakuti kumvetsetsa kokwanira kwambiri: ngakhale zoipa Big M'bale akuti anthu - mtundu wa thoughtcrime, litseprestuplenie.

Doublethink, Newspeak ndi Utumiki wa

"Nkhondo - dzikoli", "wakuda - ndi woyera," "chosadziwa - mphamvu". Ayi, ichi si mndandanda wa otsutsana. Lilili mu Oceania mawu amene amasonyeza akamanena za malingaliro akulamulira. "Kawiri-ndikuganiza" - dzina la zodabwitsazi.

Kwenikweni umenewu chagona mu motsimikiza kuti chinthu chimodzimodzi monga mawu zosiyana anafotokoza. makhalidwe amenewa akhoza kukhalapo nthawi imodzi. Mu Oceania kunalibe mawu monga "belocherny".

Chitsanzo cha doublethink kungakhale boma la nkhondo, limene boma moyo. Ngakhale kuti akumenyana, boma la dziko komabe angatchedwe dziko. Inde, kukula kwa anthu sali mu malo mu nthawi ya nkhondo.

Mogwirizana ndi mfundo ngati sizikuwoneka dzina choncho zosamveka wa Utumiki, n'zochititsatu a wakunja Party (mlingo pakati pa utsogoleri wolowezana wa dziko la Oceania). Choncho, Unduna wa Choonadi popereka mauthenga kwa anthu (by overwriting okalamba ndi anakopekanso izo), Utumiki wa zochuluka - mavuto azachuma (mwachitsanzo, yobereka mankhwala nthawi zonse chikusoŵa), Unduna wa chikondi (nyumba yokhayo mawindo, wosawoneka , ikuchitika wozunzikirapo) - apolisi, unduna wa maphunziro - yopuma komanso zosangalatsa, ndipo Utumiki wa dziko - kumene, nkhani ya nkhondo.

Mwa anthu ntchito maina chidule mautumiki awa. Mwachitsanzo, Unduna wa Choonadi zambiri amatchedwa Minprav. Ndipo onse chifukwa Oceania anayamba chinenero - Newspeak, amene ankatanthauza Kupha onse Party oipa mawu ndi kuchepetsa pazipita mawuwo. Iye akhapidziwa kuti onse amene alibe mawu ake kulibe konse. Mwachitsanzo, palibe mawu "Kukwera" - si zogwirizana ndondomeko izo.

Chidule cha buku la

Zochita chichitike ku likulu la British - London - ndi malo ake, malinga ndi "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Chidule cha buku ayenera kuyamba ndi chiyambi protagonist lapansi.

Kuyambira pachiyambi, kuwerenga zimaonekeratu kuti mbali yaikulu - Smit Uinston - ntchito kale Utumiki wa Choonadi basi amene ndi "lolembedwa" uthenga. Moyo wonse wa khalidwe waukulu amabwera kudzacheza kuntchito, chakudya mu utumiki chodyera ndi kubwerera kunyumba, kumene akhadikhira mosatopa tisafooke uthenga telescreen Oceania.

Zingatanthauze kuti mmene pakati kalasi, Afilisti, umene anthu ambiri. Ngakhale dzina la wamba wake, unremarkable. Koma kwenikweni, Winston, ndipo amene si anakambirana ndi dongosolo alipo chikhalidwe, amene mtopola Ulamuliro, amene adakali amaona kutopetsa ndi njala, limene akukhala London, ataona m'malo ndi uthenga, ndipo amene kuwawidwa zimene anthu wamba akusinthika. Iye - ndi otsutsa. Iye - munthu amene amati ndi mbadwa wamba osangalala ndi zonse amabisa ndi apolisi ndinaganiza zilakolako woona ndi zolinga.

Mu "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell Nkhaniyi inachitikira monga nthawi kuyambira pamene mbali yaikulu sangaime mavuto yosautsa maganizo ake. Iye akugula m'dera la proles zogona (a proletariat, otsika Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira moyo Oceania) kope nayamba kulemba tsikulo. Sikuti ndi kulemba palokha - ndi mlandu, ndipo zinalembedwa ndi udani Party. khalidwe tingayembekezere okha mlingo wokweretsa chilango. Ndipo ichi si walekana ndi ufulu.

Poyamba, Smith sakudziwa chomwe kulemba. Koma ndiye amayamba afotokoze chilichonse chimene chimabwera m'maganizo, ngakhale ochokera nkhani, ndi amene anakumana nawo pa ntchito. Zonse izi motsogozedwa ndi poopa kugwidwa. Koma anali maganizo ake okha malo abwino - malingaliro ake omwe - mphamvu kenanso.

Patapita nthawi, Winston umayamba kuona kuti munthu wina akumuona. Ichi ndi mnzake wake, Mtsikana wina dzina lake Julia. Woyamba yovomerezeka ganizo ngwazi linali lakuti iye anali kumuyang'ana iye pa behest wa Party. Choncho iwo amayamba kumva wosanganiza chidani, mantha, ndi chilakolako ....

Koma mwayi kukumana naye, nampatsa cholemba chinsinsi amaika chirichonse mu malo ake. Julie ali m'chikondi ndi Winston. Ndipo ine kuvomereza.

Iye ndi amene maganizo ofanana Smith pa zimene zikuchitika tsopano lino anthu. misonkhano chinsinsi, kuyenda mu khamu, kumene kunali koyenera kuti kusonyeza zomwe anthu amadziwa, ngwazi kukokera pamodzi kwambiri. Tsopano ndi kumverera mangawawo. Mwagwirizana zobisika maganizo. Choncho Winston mobisa amakakamizidwa kubwereka malo misonkhano ndi wokonda ndipo anapempha kuti angagwidwe.

Chinsinsi chibwenzi kenako amakhala wotchuka Big M'bale. Okonda anaika mu Utumiki wa Chikondi (tsopano dzina zikumveka kwambiri nditaona), ndiyeno iwo kulipira ubwenzi wawo kovuta.

Buku umatha, limafotokoza "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Kodi masamba ambiri kapena buku anakwana buku ili, tiyenera kuthera nthawi.

Relations pakati pa anthu buku la

Ngati inu mukudziwa momwe ikukhudzana bwanji ndi maganizo a Oceania, funso zomveka lakuti: "Ndiye palinso pa banja monga chonchi limatiuza?" 1984 "?" Buku limamveketsa mfundo zonsezi.

Party "kuphunzitsa ndi" negation chikondi ndi ufulu wa munthu kuyambira pa unyamata wake. achinyamata Oceania antipolovoy adalowa mgwirizano umene chipani akulemekezedwa ndi namwali, ndi onse free, kuphatikizapo mawu a maganizo, iwo ankaona zosayenera kwa nzika woona.

Ukwati zachokera yekha chilolezo cha Party. Palibe lingaliro la chifundo pakati pa abwenzi sanali kukhala. Kugonana moyo zinali zochepa kubadwa kwa ana. Winston nayenso anali wokwatira. mkazi wake, wothandiza wa Party, amadana ndi ubwenzi thupi ndipo pambuyo zoyesayesa zinalephereka kuti mwanayo anasiyana ndi mwamuna wake.

Monga ana, iwo anali chinyezimiro cha ubale pakati pa makolo. M'malo mwake, kusiyana wathunthu wa m'banja wina ndi mzake. Kuyambira ali mwana ana anabzala kudzipereka an'kanthunthumira kuti mfundo za chipani. Aliyense wa iwo anatsekula m'njira imene iye akanakhoza kukhala wokonzeka amukane munthu aliyense, ngati iye wachita thoughtcrime. Ngakhale otsutsa adzakhala mayi awo kapena bambo.

buku lakuti "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell: khalidwe kufotokoza

Za mbali yaikulu Winston Smith mukhoza kuwonjezera kuti kwa iye zaka 39, iye ndi mbadwa ya London, chiyambi cha 40s lapansi. Banja limene anakulira, inkakhala mayi ndi mlongo wake, ndipo anali osauka. Komabe, ngati anthu ambiri a Oceania pakati ndi kalasi m'munsi. Mu akula, nthawi zambiri ankabwera ndi Winston mlandu kugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti iye anasankha zakudya zambiri zokoma mu odwala mlongo wamng'ono. Chinsinsi cha kutha kwa achibale awo kamodzi mwana Smith zogwirizana ndi ntchito ya Party.

Wokondedwa Uinstona Dzhuliya pa chiwembu pansi pake - zaka 26. Iye ndi wokongola bulauni tsitsi mkazi, amene amadana ndi Big M'bale, koma anali mosamala kubisa izo. Monga ubale ndi Smith. Kuphwanya malamulo onse anatengera mu boma timatha khalidwe opanduka ndi kulimba mtima zachilendo kwa aliyense abwenzi Winston.

khalidwe lina lofunika, amene silinakwaniritsidwe otchulidwa - O'Brien, mkulu bwino Winston. Ichi ndi nthumwi ankaikira osankhika akulamulira, zomwe, ngakhale zosamveka Large wake chithunzi chanu ndi ulemu woyengeka ndi ngakhale malingaliro abwino. Winston panthawi ina uyamba O'Brien kuti "awo" osati podziwa kuti adali ndi maganizo apolisi. Mtsogolo, izo kusewera mbali yaikulu nthabwala wankhanza.

Reader comments: "1948" Dzhordzh Oruell

Nthawi zambiri, owerenga kuyankha za "1984" monga msilikali, buku lothandiza, amene anachenjeza za zinthu zimenezi. Zingamvekere yonena zimene wolemba limafotokoza zomveka mapeto a machitidwe onse opondereza. Izi buku demokalase. Chirichonse kotero bwino ndinaganiza nkhaniyo, kuti pamene inu muyesera kulenga zinthu zimuyendere mu malingaliro mbiri ya Winston fiasco. buku ili silingathe kuonedwa chabe monga ntchito zolembalemba. Zingakhale lalifupi woona ndi zoona, basi mopusa. Ngakhale kumbali ya Stalinism ndi zina kachitidwe authoritarian ulamuliro angathe nkhaniyi kusonyeza mbali ina ya ndalama. The otsatira kwambiri mozama Ulamuliro maganizo amakwanitsa kumva kuti china chake chinalakwika. Izi mankhwala wina wa mphamvu - ndi kuwerenga maganizo amphamvu. Monga Dostoevsky. Maganizo zinakuchitikirani Winston Smith ali ofanana ndi amene anathamangitsidwa mu vise Raskolnikov dongosolo. Likuchitira umboni kuti "1984" kuti amene ali kuonera zinthu za Dostoevsky onse.

owerenga ambiri samagwirizana ndi chakuti yekha za chikominisi ndi Soviet Union, analemba "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Mtsutso limatchedwa wolemba wakuda wa Soviet Union, ndi ntchito palokha - "mwala m'munda" wa ndiye boma. Otsatira ndikukhulupirira kuti palibe angathe kuwaona bwino kukana aliyense wa ukapolo wa kachitidwe anthu. Nthawi zina akukokomeza, koma kukokomeza sichinayambe zimafika mu zilandiridwenso zolembalemba. chakuti mayiko ambiri tsopano ali pa njira zofanana chitukuko. Ndipo itha posapita nthawi unagwa pamene dongosolo lonse, ndi tsoka la munthu, lomwe limasonyeza mu "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Cholinga chathu ndicho kutenga timapangira tione lingaliro la ntchito imeneyi si chitsanzo chimodzi chapadera cha Soviet Union.

Tikalakwiridwa kuti chabe amaundana magazi mu misempha yanu pamene mukuwerenga. Great ophiphiritsa, zomwe zimaoneka mu dziko tsiku ndi tsiku - mbiri makalata, panafunika mfundo, kusintha kwa maganizo ndi moyo zofunika za kachitidwe. Mutawerenga - ndi maso lonse tsegula ndi kumverera kuti anatenga madzi ozizira.

Palinso ndemanga wofunika kwambiri. Iwo amati makamaka kuti bukuli bwino overrated kuti chingasinthe kuzunza. Sindimagwirizana, chifukwa pali kumverera kwachilendo - wowerenga - osadziletsa pessimist amene safuna kuwerenga buku kuona zolakwa za dziko, kapena buku lakonzedwa kuti anthu amene amakhala mu magalasi duwa yofiira.

Rasprostanenie maganizo komanso ndi izi: Buku angayenerere kuonedwa mbiri. Ndipo ndi zamakono kwambiri. Amene anasintha dziko? Amene anali sanaope kuphedwa kwa lingaliro. Amene mantha kukhala chonchi ndi anthu wosasangalala. Kodi si ambiri okhala yomwe kukhala moyo, koma anthu okha.

Nthawi zambiri zotsutsana, koma nthawi zonse wochangamuka ndiponso panali ndemanga owerenga. "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell ngati wolemba sanayambe zinawononga - zokhazokha. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa - m'buku ili, aliyense angapeze chinachake okha. Koma pochitika ndi sakudziwa nkomwe mupemphe chimene chinayambitsa akukangana zoterezi ntchito, palibe mmodzi sadzatha bibliophile.

anatengera

A ambiri kulandira ulemu anali kutsogolera kwa Opanga filimuyi pojambula buku "1984". Dzhordzh Oruell sanakhalanso ndi moyo zaka 6 pamaso kutulutsidwa kwa nsalu yotchinga waukulu wa mbadwa zake. Mufilimuyi choyamba anaonekera m'mabwalo mu 1956.

Iwo anauzidwa ndi Maykl Anderson, amene, pamodzi ndi screenwriter Templeton anapanga cholinga cha Pa cithunzithunzi ca anthu opondereza. Mbiri ya protagonist ndi, ankaimba ndi Edmond O'Brien, imayenda mu filimu mmphepete mwa njira. Ichi chidachitika wosalira zambiri ndi kulenga mosavuta kwa gulu lonse filimu. Koma anapereka zotsatira zosiyana. . Makamaka anthu amene poyamba ankadziwa kale akuti "George Orwell" 1984 "Review wa omvera anali wopezeka - filimu Kodi sangafikire mabuku pa katundu maganizo mu buku choyambirira ndi zazikulu kwambiri ndipo zosangalatsa ..

Chidwi mfundo - dzina la wosewera (O'Brien) chikugwirizana ndi dzina la chikhalidwe m'buku (nduna chipani, kugwirizana ndi ganizo apolisi). Choncho anaganiza m'malo mu chiwembu kuti O'Connor.

Yotsatira, omwe ankayesetsa kupanga filimu ya "1984" wakhala wina Michael, koma tsopano Radford, wotsogolera British. chithunzi Chake inafalitsidwa mu chaka, chimene chinachitikira ndi zochitika za bukuli - mu 1984 Udindo waukulu anapanga wosewera Dzhon Hert, Julia wake wokondedwa ankaimba Suzanna Hamilton. Komanso, chithunzi ichi anali womaliza pa ntchito ndi moyo wa wosewera wotchuka Richard Burton, amadziwika "ankaweta wa Shrew," "tsiku yaitali" ndi ena.

nthawi iyi filimu anatengera wakhala wabwino - onse anasamutsa storylines mabuku mokwanira kuwuluridwa zithunzi za otchuka. Koma ngakhale pano, anthu anagawa ndemanga. "1984", Dzhordzh Oruell yekha ngati wolemba ankakonda owerenga kotero kuti sanathe kumva ndi anatengera mavuto maganizo anu, filament, yomwe transmits bukhu.

Lero tisadziwa wina anakonza, ndi anatengera chachitatu cha buku la, dystopia. Motsogozedwa ndi wotsogolera Paulo Greengrass. Anadzatchedwa zikomo ntchito pa kupenta "The Bourne mphamvu," "amagazi Sunday." Ngakhale pa pulasitala, ndi kuyamba tsiku kujambula ndi filimu silidziŵika. Koma nawo pa kubadwa kwa chithunzi adzakhala kampani Sony Pictures ndi sewerolo Scott Rudin kale galimoto chidwi tsogolo la filimu zochokera "1984" (Dzhordzh Oruell). Screen anatengera akulonjeza kuti ano ndi apamwamba.

Kuganiza ambiri kuŵerenga

Inde, wachilungamo, osakondera makhalidwe mankhwala ndi enieni ndemanga. "1984", Dzhordzh Oruell, ndipo dziko lonse adalenga resonated mu mitima ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri owerenga. Malo olimbikitsa ndi maganizo, nthawi zina zovuta, wotsimikizika ndi mantha - bukuli, komanso moyo weniweniwo. Mwina chifukwa zikuoneka weniweni.

"Ufulu - ndi kunena kuti kawiri awiri ndi anayi" - Iye akuti mu "1984" Dzhordzh Oruell. Quotes ndi buku kudziwa, ngakhale anthu amene sanali kuliwerenga. Kumudziwa iye kwenikweni ofunika. Ndipo osati chifukwa cha ndemanga zake matamando. "1984", Dzhordzh Oruell ayenera ndi buku ndi wolemba, amene adzapeza malo a ulemu pa bookshelf mu mtima pafupi ndi katswiri wina wa mabuku.