Pamene Stalin anaphunzira mausoleum chiyani? Chifukwa Stalin anaphunzira mausoleum chiyani?

Mwambo napasula mafano si chatsopano. Pambuyo XX Congress wa CPSU ku Soviet Union anapitiriza kuima zipilala kwa wakufayo mu 1953, mtsogoleri wa chipanichi, koma zaka 2-3, utsogoleri Soviet anazindikira, ndipo analamula kuti anayamba kugwetsa awo. Koma iwo anali osiyana - kuchokera toyesa zosavuta kutsata kwa ziboliboli yaikulu ndi Antiokeya-reliefs chosema akaidi pa gombe miyala ya Kolyma. Koma chipilala lofunika kwambiri la wankhanza womwalirayo anali ku likulu la dziko, Moscow, mu mtima wa izo. Stalin Mausoleum atagona pafupi ndi wosasintha, wambawamba ndi mwala wapangodya kachisi Malemu mlengi wa choyamba boma m'dzikoli zokomera, pamene iye anaika icho, ndipo. Kuti amalimbikitsa Leninist malamulo a kasamalidwe Mlembi Choyamba wa CPSU N. S. Hruscheva chino chosaneneka.

Mausoleum la Lenin

Pofuna kuthana ndi chidina wa ophiphiritsa Soviet, timafunika flashback kuti chiyambi cha 1924, ayenera kubwerezanso zimene zinachitika pambuyo pa imfa V. I. Lenina.

Monga mtsogoleri wa Bolshevik Party sakhulupirira Mulungu, kenako mbali zapadera za moyo ankachitira zimenezo, ndiko kunena kuti pafupifupi chilichonse.

Kumene, pa zaka za Civil nkhondo, anapanga akonzedwa ena miyambo kuti anatsagana ndi kutsanzikana kuti omenyana akufa chifukwa cha chimwemwe chomwe anthu. njira maliro monga, monga ulamuliro, kuchepa kwa mbendera wofiira, anachita ndi mkuwa oimba Party nyimbo - "The Internationale," mawu (nthawizina osaphunzira ndale) osiyana nkhondowo (osati) anzawo (osati nthawi zonse wodzisunga), kenako malonjezo ndipo akulonjeza kubwezera "kauntala" .

Pankhani imeneyi chithunzi otchuka, monga Lenin, izi sizinali zokwanira. Ndiyeno mu gulu la mwambo wa maliro, kuphatikizapo akatswiri ndi chosakwanira maphunziro a ku seminare, Comrade Stalin. The mausoleum, anapanga matabwa ankhomera poyamba, anaikidwa bokosi, ndipo aliyense athe kuona mtsogoleri womwalirayo wa proletarians a dziko. Popeza kuti anthu ambiri anali anthu a mwayi nthawi thupi waperekedwa, kenako anaganiza kusamalira njira mtembo mtembo. Ichi chidachitika mochedwa kwambiri.

mausolean sayansi

Ali kumeneko mu thupi la Lenin Mausoleum Soviet sayansi yapanga zikuluzikulu yojambula m'njira yapadera. Ndipo patsogolo kuti panali milandu kuumitsa bwino mitembo, m'mayiko ena, Kale, anthu akhala akuyesetsa kukhala chipolopolo thupi olamulira ndi otchuka, koma luso, popeza nditapatsidwa luso, zobisika, mwina chifukwa chake imfa.

Mu mbiri posachedwapa, wodziwika mlandu mankhwala ndi luso anayamba ndi dokotala wamkulu Pirogov, ndi onena za iye akadzamwalira. Komabe, njira imeneyi anali zikuoneka zambiri subtleties, kusewera sizinali zophweka. Choncho anatomists Soviet amayenera kuyambitsa njira zawo Kuwonjezera amakakamizidwa opaleshoni kusunga minofu, komanso kuchira tsankho. Stalin kugona mausoleum zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi zinayi zakubadwa, thupi lake anakonzedwa, ndipo akatswiri ntchito zasayansi wapadera nkhawa ndi kuteteza wa Malemu Lenin ndi, maganizo amaganiza kuti ngakhale lero, patatha zaka zambiri atagona manda wabwinobwino, n'zotheka kuti thupi la mtsogoleri wachiwiri Soviet ndi mu mawonekedwe iwowo. Ngakhale ndi sakwanitsa.

Zakale muyaya?

Funso ngati kuika kwa atumwiwo kuti m'pofunika kuti tikambirane mtembowo lili m'malo mwa makhalidwe abwino ndi za chikumbumtima kuposa ndale. chiwerengero cha anthu amene dzina la Lenin ndi woyera, lero si lalikulu kwambiri, ngakhale kunena kuti palibe konse, ndi zosatheka.

No chidina zosafuni- kwa anthu ambiri Soviet anali thupi la Iosifa Vissarionovicha. Kuyambira 1953 mpaka 1962, iwo ankadziwa kuti olamulira otchuka awiri, ndi chosintha comrade Lenin ndi Stalin - mu mausoleum lapansi. Photos of matupi awo pafupifupi konse zafalitsidwa, koma anali kuona aliyense amene anabwera kwa Moscow ndi yotani mzere wautali. Zikuoneka kuti tsopano izo nthawizonse zidzakhala.

zobwera

M'zaka za ulamuliro wa Stalin sizinachitike analenga "latsopano munthu", koyenera kuti chigonjetso wathunthu wa chikominisi. Koma panali mtundu wina, embodying mutu wa mtundu Union. khalidwe Izi zonse ankagwirizana ndi maganizo a mutu wa chipanichi, ndipo ngati chete, kenako ndithu ndi mzere ambiri.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, zinali njira kasamalidwe Stalin anali ntchito yofufuza kuchotsa wolakwayo mtembo Mlembi General wa Leninist malamulo a mndandanda wa zinthu zakale boma Soviet. Osati thandizo onse GGI ya anthu ogwira ntchito chomera Kirov anali internally kugwirizana naye iye. Pamene Stalin anaphunzira Mausoleum, anthu ena ntchito kwa reburial misozi. Nsagwada gaping mmanda ndi kugwira angapo a dziko anaponyedwa. Iwo anali wolimba mtima, koma kuti onse kuukira, samathanso kupanduka nedotyagivaet. Kodi mtima zinthu alonda anali mbali ya gulu maliro. Iwo anakana kumeta jekete ndi I. V. Stalina mabatani wagolidi, monga analimbikitsa palokha woyamba, ndipo demoted. zochitika zina zachitika.

"The kanthu m'munsi"

Stalin anayambitsa kuchotsa mwamwambo chabe thupi ku mausoleum ndi akuti ndi mlembi woyamba wa Leningrad dera gulu chipani, Comrade. Spiridonov I. V. Koma iye anachita kwa nomenclature mwachizolowezi kuti chiwembu, malinga ndi zomwe, chikominisi chabe anakhalabe gust anthu wamba mukuvutika ndipo, ndithudi, izo ankapita.

Assembly antchito Kirov antchito mwachidziwikire chichitike, koma cholinga ndi tinasankha mosakayikira, anakonzeratu ndipo anavomereza "pamwamba". Zofunika mbiri imene Stalin ikuchitika wa Mausoleum.

1961 zinali zodzaza ndi zinthu zambiri pa moyo wa dziko lonse. Tinayamba yotsatira chipani msonkhano, XXII. zinthu Internal sanali bwino, mitengo anali akutuluka. Unyinji yotakata anthu ntchito mwakufuna involuntarily poyerekeza ndi Khrushchev m'nyengo yapita, imene M'malo mwake, utachepa. Anthu ndikukumbukira bwino bwino kuposa oipa. Ngakhale woyamba ndege ku malo ndi kuyesa mtengo wamphamvu kwambiri wa hydrogen angalipirire kupanda nyama ndi sausages mu pang'ono m'masitolo.

Usiku ndi chinsinsi

Kuchotsa Stalin ku mausoleum unachitikira yomweyo pambuyo voti kuvomereza za Congress. Zimachitika imodzi ndi reburial pafupi Kremlin khoma, kumene kunali manda chisanadze anakumba, kuwala amalandira izo spotlights.

Kukhazikika pasadakhale, ndi mapanelo plywood, wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kumbali ophunzira mu ndondomeko, onse amoyo ndi akufa, m'maso kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi. Yankho maliro pa Novodevichy manda anakanidwa pofuna kupewa mavuto yosakonzekera. Mwina zinali zonse za ulendo woonekeratu kumanda atigwira.

Pamene Stalin anaphunzira mausoleum, ndi yunifolomu wake sanachotse zinthu zonse zamtengo wapatali mu mawonekedwe a epaulettes golide wa generalissimo, ndi nyenyezi ya Hero wa Socialist Labor ndi mabatani wathuwu, m'malo amene mopupuluma sewn mkuwa. History ndi kulankhulana kwa amene anachita izo.

Osadutsa pa Red Square, ochepa apolisi odutsa usiku anafotokoza kuti kukonzekera ndi perete polemekeza 7 wa November.

kumenya Last

Namasiku, Stalin zinachitikadi wa Mausoleum wake osadziwa okha, analandira asilikali Soviet. M'mphepete mwa msewu rumbled akasinja mbozi, injini anabangula makina oopsa nkhondo, ndipo kukhomerera mapazi oyenda anasonyeza kwa mpanda wa boma la Russia. Rehearsal Ndipotu chichitike, koma kwa Iye amene adawafera zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu anali perete weniweni.

Nthawiyi, moyang'anizana ndi khomo kale anajambula, mu malo ake ndi kale wokonzeka ngakhale chizindikiro Stalinist ndi dzina lomweli, koma panadutsa nthawi unsembe, ndi malo opanda kanthu monga tsekani chidutswa cha nkhaniyi ndi mau akuti "Lenin". M'mawa manda waukulu wa Soviet Union anakonza kutsegula kwa anthu. Amaneneratu zimene anthu anali ovuta, koma vuto limeneli anali kuyesera kuthetsa otchuka Soviet bungwe - KGB.

Mwalawapamutu

The chipilala sikunali motalika, yokha yopingasa slab ndi katundu mwachidule chosema ndi zilembo ndi manambala, kodi dzina, tsiku ndi chipani pseudonym moyo malire. Gravestone monga sculptural ntchito kugwira N. Tomsk anaonekera pafupifupi zaka khumi pambuyo Stalin ikuchitika kumasiye.

Chaka 1970 kunali kovuta kuti asapita Soviet-Chinese. Mu China, utsogoleri Brezhnev ankaona revisionist, akufa mtsogoleri akulemekezedwa pa ndime ndi Mao ankadandaula chipongwe pamtima wake. Koma mu Soviet Union ndi mapeto a zaka zao za sikisite ndi wokonda kudzudzula kwa Stalin n'kuyamba "moyenera" kufika kwa mbiri, anasonyeza kuzindikira kuti mwambo anali kumene, komanso umunthu zinachitika.

musadandaule

Mantha amene, pakumva za pakalibe phulusa mu mausoleum anthu Stalin kuika pansi, anali pachabe. kuyitana zapathengo, ndithudi, apita, koma iwo sanagwiritse alipidwa moperewera kung'ung'udza.

Ogwira ntchito za boma amalembedwa zikamera wa nthabwala ndale, omwe makamaka yophika pansi kwa maganizo kwa malo tsogolo la manda ya Mlembi Choyamba Khrushchev. "Izi Nikita ndi machira wake kunyema, Comrade Lenin" - ngati Stalin anati Vladimir Ilyich ndi Caucasus ka wake wotchuka, iye anamva mkokomo pakhomo kumbuyo kwa Mausoleum.

Zifukwa kusakhutira anali ayambitsa mikangano ambiri, wotchuka umene unali Novocherkassk chiwembu chimene chinachitika posachedwa, koma mtembo kusuntha asapita izi chisangalalo anali, anthu anavomereza kusintha kwachitika ndithu ankangokhala pa Red Square. Fans njira mwankhanza nkhope ya Chikomyunizimu 'yokhazikika' anaika maluwa chaka chilichonse pa March 5 ndi 21 December kwa mausoleum, kumene manda Stalin anali atazunguliridwa ndi manda ena a atsogoleri otchuka phwando. Izi zionetsero zochepa.

Memory ndi History

Kuchokera kaonedwe ka mbadwa wamba a Russia, amene anakulira mu zaka ziwiri zapitazi, yaitali izi zimakhala zosokoneza. Mwachitsanzo, kodi pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa anthu okhala ku manda, kuima lero pa Red Square?

Mu chaka Stalin zinachitikadi wa Mausoleum, ndi lingaliro lalikulu kuti utsogoleri chipani anayetsetsa (ndi wopambana) kubweretsa kwa kutsitsimuka kwa misa, anali kuganiza kuti Lenin pakati chabwino, koma pambuyo atsogoleri anapotoza dongosolo lake. Ndipo yokha tsopano, pamene mphamvu anafika wokondedwa Nikita Sergeyevich, zonse zikuchitika monga kuyenera. Apa, ndi Leninist woona.

Modern munthu amene amadziwa ndipo amamvetsetsa chikhalidwe cha chikominisi, nthawi zambiri si bwino chifukwa chake Stalin inachotsedwa Mausoleum la Lenin ndipo palibe. Yankho lake ndi losavuta, nkhani zonse za chikhalidwe ndi maganizo mbiriyakale dziko wawo. Kulemekeza zikhulupiriro za anthu, chifukwa cha ukalamba sangakhoze ndi safuna kusintha iwo, m'pofunika. Mu Russia ndi kunja, ndi moyo lero ndi anthu oyenera kwambiri, anachita Komabe, zolinga chikominisi. Ndipo iwo ayenera kuonedwa ngati tikufuna kulemekezedwa ndi ana athu.