Obwerawa umunthu matenda: zizindikiro zoyimira ndi mankhwala

anthu athu wapangidwa chosiyana, anthu osiyanasiyana. Ndipo izi Tingaone osati maonekedwe - makamaka makhalidwe athu ndi osiyana, anachita mikhalidwe moyo, makamaka zopanikiza. Aliyense wa ife - ndipo mwina kangapo - I anakumana ndi anthu aakulu, monga iwo amati, amene makhalidwe si woyenera ndi malamulo ambiri amavomereza zimayambitsa chiweruzo. Lero tiona losakanizika umunthu matenda: Pochita zimenezi zingabweretse matenda, zizindikiro zake ndi mankhwala.

Ngati khalidwe la munthu zimawonedwa zopatuka mfundo, kumalire ndi dziko la kuchepa, maganizo ndikukhulupirira izi matenda umunthu. mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa, imene tikambirana pansipa, koma ambiri amangoti matenda (ngati mungathe kuganizira ichi tanthauzo ndi matenda chomveka) osokonezeka. Wachibadidwe kulankhula, mawu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi imene dokotala singakhale khalidwe wodwalayo kuti gulu ena. Kutsatilidwa zindikirani kuti izi sizachilendo, chifukwa anthu - osati makina, mfundo mitundu choyera cha khalidwe zosatheka. Mitundu yonse kudziwika Pawokha ali ndi tanthauzo wachibale.

Obwerawa umunthu matenda: Tanthauzo

Ngati munthu waona kuyan'anila mu malingaliro, khalidwe komanso zochita izo - umunthu matenda. Izi ndi gulu la diagnoses zokhudzana maganizo. Anthu otere kuchita zosayenera, mosiyana kuzindikira mavuto, monga kuyenera kwathunthu maganizo athanzi. zinthu izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha mikangano mu malo ogwilila ntchito ndi mu banja.

Mwachitsanzo, pali anthu amene akulimbana ndi mavuto okha, pamene ena amafuna thandizo; ena amakonda kukokomeza mavuto awo, pamene ena amabisa iwo. Mulimonsemo, zimenezi zingachitike akukhuzidwa ndi zimadalira chikhalidwe cha munthu.

Anthu amene wosakaniza ndi matenda ena umunthu, mwatsoka, samazindikira kuti ali ndi vuto ndi psyche, chotero kawirikawiri kupempha thandizo paokha. Nthawiyi thandizo akufuna. Ntchito yaikulu ya dokotala Pankhaniyi - kuthandiza wodwala kuti amvetse okha ndiponso kumuphunzitsa kucheza pa anthu, popanda mavuto kwa ena.

Obwerawa umunthu matenda mu ICD-10 ayenera anafuna pansi pa mutu wakuti F60-F69.

okhumudwa kumatenga zaka n'kuyamba kusonyeza mwana. Mu zaka 17-18 pali mapangidwe munthu. Koma kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, khalidwe basi kupangidwa, chotero matenda mu unyamata ndi lolakwika. Koma ngati munthu wamkulu, pamene athanzi umunthu, umunthu matenda zizindikiro zokha kuvutika. Ndipo kawirikawiri mtundu wa matenda losanganikirana.

Mu ICD-10, pali wodziwanso kuposa ndime - ". Khalidwe matenda etiology organic" /F07.0/ Yodziwika ndi kusintha kwakukulu mu njira wawo khalidwe premorbid. Makamaka anakhudzidwa mawu a maganizo, zofuna ndi zikhumbo. ntchito chidziwitso mwina kuchepetsedwa m'dera la mapulani ndiponso moyang'ana m'tsogolo mwa zotsatira okha ndi anthu. Qualifier lili matenda angapo mu gulu ili, mmodzi wa iwo - umunthu matenda mogwirizana ndi matenda wosanganiza (mwachitsanzo, maganizo). kudwala Izi limodzi ndi munthu moyo wake wonse, ngati sakudziwa za vutoli ndipo alibe kulimbana nazo. Pa mafunde matenda - pali nthawi chikhululukiro, imene wodwala akumva kwambiri. Transiently zopangapanga umunthu matenda (ie yochepa) si zachilendo. Komabe, zimene zingapangitse kuti maganizo mowa kapena chamba, ndipo ngakhale kusamba zingachititse kusuta kapena kuwonongeka.

Kukula umunthu matenda kungachititse kuti mavuto aakulu, kuphatikizapo kupwetekedwa kwa ena.

Zimayambitsa matenda umunthu

Umunthu matenda, komanso losakanizika ndi zenizeni, nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi maziko a choipa ubongo chifukwa mathithi kapena ngozi. Komabe, madokotala kuti mapangidwe matenda zikukhudza zinthu zonse majini ndi amuzolengedwa ndi chikhalidwe. Ndipo kusewera chikhalidwe otsogolera.

Choyamba, ichi ndi Ukholo cholakwika - Pankhaniyi makhalidwe ofanana psychopath ndi kuyamba kupanga mwana. Komanso, palibe aliyense wa ife sazindikira kuti kwenikweni kuwononga maganizo ndi thupi. Ngati nkhawa ili ndi mphamvu kwambiri, ndiye kuti akhoza kuchita matendawa.

kugwiriridwa ndi maganizo zoopsa zina, makamaka ana, nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti zotsatira chomwecho - madokotala kuti pafupifupi 90% ya amayi ndi chipwirikiti ana kapena unyamata ankagwiriridwa. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa pathologies kuti amadziwika ICD-10 monga umunthu matenda mogwirizana ndi matenda wosanganiza, nthawi zambiri kuti anafuna mu mtima ubwana kapena unyamata.

Kusonyeza umunthu matenda?

Anthu ndi matenda umunthu ali amaonera mavuto a m'maganizo - iwo atembenukira kwa madokotala za maganizo, aakulu nkhawa, mavuto ndi ubale ndi anzathu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, odwala ndi chikhulupiriro chonse kuti mavuto awo - ndi zinthu zina kuti Musati muzidalira pa iwo ndipo kutsogoloko mmene ulamuliro wawo.

Choncho anthu ndi matenda a "wosanganiza umunthu chisokonezo" Zizindikiro izi:

• mavuto ndi nyumba mgwirizano mu banja ndi pa ntchito, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa;
• maganizo disconnection imene munthu akhoza kumva ndi alibenso ndipo amapewa kulankhulana;
• mavuto yosamalira awo maganizo omwe chopatsa mikangano ndi nkhanza zina ngakhale thupi itha;
• imfa likukulira kucheza ndi chowonadi.

Odwala kusakhutira ndi miyoyo yawo, zikuoneka kuti zonse akuchititsa zolephera zawo. Chikhulupiriro oyambirira anali kuti matenda si n'ngochiritsika, koma madokotala posachedwapa asintha maganizo awo.

Obwerawa umunthu matenda, zizindikiro zimene ziri tatchulazi, mosiyanasiyana kuwonetseredwa. Amakhala zingapo zochititsa pathological amene chibadidwe matenda umunthu, monga pansipa. Choncho lingalirani Mukuvetsa zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Mitundu ya matenda umunthu

Akhate matenda. Childs, monga matenda ndi anthu odzikweza amene khulupirira mu maganizo awo. debaters wosatopa, amakhulupirira kuti okha nthawi zonse ndipo kulikonse cholakwika. mawu ndi zochita za anthu ena amene satsatira mfundo zawo, akhate amaona negative. Wake maweruzo mmodzi ndiye amaganiza angakhale chifukwa cha mikangano ndi mikangano. Pa zizindikiro decompensation ndi poipa - ndi akhate zambiri amaganiziridwa kusakhulupirika kwa mwamuna kapena mkazi wake monga nsanje yawo pathological ndi kukaikira ndi nakweza nthawi zambiri.

Schizoid matenda. Iwo yodziwika ndi manyazi kwambiri. Anthu amenewa ndi kusiyana chomwecho anatani onse matamando ndi kutsutsa. Iwo benchi ozizira maganizo, amene si kusonyeza kuti anthu ena chikondi kapena chidani. Iwo amadziŵika deadpan ndi mawu popanda kusintha mphamvu. Dziko lonse la schizoid chobisika linga la kusamvetsa ndi manyazi. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kuganiza bwinobwino chizolowezi kuganizira mitu kwambiri nzeru zaumunthu, m'maganizo wolemera.

Mtundu wa matenda umunthu aumbike mwa ana aang'ono. Ndi zaka 30 ngodya lakuthwa mbali pathological zingapo limagwirizana. Ngati ntchito wodwalayo amagwirizana ndi kukhudzana kochepa ndi anthu yakhala bwinobwino ndinazolowera moyo woterowo.

Dissocial matenda. Mtundu, imene odwala sachedwa chomenyedwa ndi zamwano, kunyalanyaza malamulo ambiri amachitira nkhanza kulemekeza abale ndi abwenzi. Mu ubwana ndi unyamata, ana amenewa si kupeza chinenero mu gulu, kaŵirikaŵiri nkhondo khalidwe mosadzilemekeza. Kuthaŵa panyumba. Patapita zaka, ali wopanda chikondi aliyense ofunda amaonedwa "anthu ena", chifukwa mu kuzunzidwa kwa makolo, akazi, ana ndi nyama. Ndi mtundu amakonda ziwawa.

Maganizo osakhazikika matenda. Chimaonetsera impulsivity, ndi zowawa za nkhanza. anthu awa kuona okha maganizo awo ndi malingaliro awo a moyo. A vuto pang'ono, makamaka kunyumba, kuwachititsa maganizo, nkhawa, imbaenda mikangano, nthawi zina kuwasandutsa nkhanza. Anthu amenewa sangathe mokwanira mmene zinthu zilili pamoyo ndi anatani kwambiri mwachiwawa mavuto wamba moyo. Komabe, iwo ali ndi chidaliro mu kufunika zawo kuti ena osati anazindikira ndipo ankawachitira ndi tsankho monga odwala zedi.

Osaneneka matenda. Anthu sachedwa akayamba kuvuta kuchuluka excitability maganizo, theatricality, sachedwa suggestibility ndipo mwadzidzidzi mmene alili. Iwo amakonda kukhala adzitengere ulamuliro cifukwa cokhulupilila mu pempho lake ndiponso sichingakanizidwe. Mu nkhani imeneyi m'malo chabe ndi kale pochita amafunika chisamaliro ndi kudzipereka. Anthu amenewa chikondi ndi kudziwa momwe kupezerera anthu ena - banja, anzawo akuntchito. Ndi akula zotheka malipilo yaitali. Decompensation kumachitika mu mavuto, pa kusintha mu akazi. mitundu aakulu anasonyeza tanthauzo la suffocation, chotupa mu mmero, nthambi dzanzi ndi maganizo.

Chenjezo! Mu chipwirikiti akhoza kudzipha. Nthawi zina ndi chabe woonekeratu pofuna kudzipha, koma chigweranso kuti asiye kuvuta, chifukwa cha chibadwa chawo kuti zochita chiwawa anachita ndi zidzolo akhoza kwambiri chofuna kudzipha yekha. N'chifukwa chake odwalawo kwambiri makamaka pofuna kuthana ndi yamaganizo lapansi.

Anankastnoe matenda. Kulankhula ndi chikaiko zonse tiyenera kusamala zimabwezera chinawonjezeka chidwi tsatanetsatane. Mu mtundu umenewu ndi analekerera chifukwa wodwala nkhawa yekha za mfundo mu mndandanda dongosolo, khalidwe la anzake. Anthu amenewa amakhulupirira kuti kuchita chinthu chabwino, ndi zonse kupanga ndemanga ena, ngati akuchita chinachake "cholakwika". matenda makamaka noticeable pamene munthu amachita ena zochita yemweyo - .. Posintha zinthu, macheke zonse, etc. The odwala malipilo pedantic, yeniyeni ntchito zawo, ngakhale odalirika. Koma mu nthawi ya exacerbation iwo amaoneka nkhawa, maganizo obsessive, kuopa imfa. Ndi zaka, pedantry ndi mogulitsa yankhanza dyera ndi umbombo.

matenda nkhawa yafotokozedwera nkhawa, fearfulness, kusadzidalira. Munthu wotere nthawi zonse nkhawa mtundu Chidwi, akudwala kuzunza N'zokayikitsa yake unattractiveness.

Odwala amantha, usilikali, iye amayesetsa kukhala moyo kwaokha monga nokha akumverera otetezedwa. Anthu awa mantha kukhumudwitsa ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo bwino ndinazolowera moyo pa anthu, chifukwa anthu amachitira ndi chikondi.

boma Decompensation zimaonekera amadwaladwala - kufupika kwa mpweya, kugunda mofulumira, nseru kapena kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba.

Yozungulira (wosakhazikika) umunthu matenda. Anthu ndi matenda amasiyana khalidwe chabe. Iwo kuloza udindo onse kupanga zisankho ndipo ngakhale moyo wake pa ena, ndipo ngati zilibe kuloza wina - kumva amazipanga wovuta. Odwala ndi mantha akuti asiyidwa ndi anthu amene ali pafupi ndi iwo, ali osiyana kugonjera ndi kudalira maganizo ndi zochita za anthu ena. Decompensation anawonetseredwa mu kulephera wathunthu kulamulira miyoyo yawo ndi imfa ya "mutu", chisokonezo, maganizo oipa.

Ngati dotolo amaona makhalidwe nthenda ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda, iye diagnoses ndi "wosanganiza umunthu chisokonezo."

The chidwi kwambiri mtundu wa mankhwala - osakaniza schizoid ndi osaneneka. Anthu amenewa nthawi zambiri kukhala akuchita misala m'tsogolo.

ndi tanthauzo la wosanganiza umunthu matenda chiyani?

1. zolakwika amenewa zikhoza zamatsenga mankhwala uchidakwa, mankhwala osokoneza, zizolowezi kudzipha zosayenera kugonana, hypochondriasis.
2. maphunziro zosayenera ana chifukwa cha matenda m'bongo (emotionality kwambiri, nkhanza, kupanda udindo) kumayambitsa matenda m'bongo mwa ana.
3. Pali kusokonezeka kwa ubongo pa zinthu bwinobwino tsiku.
4. Umunthu matenda atsogolera zina matenda amaganizo - maganizo, nkhawa, maganizo.
5. Chosatheka kucheza zonse ndi dokotala kapena dokotala chifukwa kusakhulupirirana kapena kusowa mlandu pa zochita zawo.

Obwerawa umunthu matenda ana ndi achinyamata

Amaugwiritsa umunthu matenda ana. Tisonyeza zimenezo mwa kusamvera kwambiri, khalidwe sakonda, mwano. Pankhaniyi, khalidwe si nthawi zonse amapezeka ndi mwina kumasonyeza mapangidwe zachilendo khalidwe. Pokhapokha ngati khalidwe ndi zimabwezera mosalekeza, tikhoza kulankhula za losakanizika umunthu matenda.

A udindo waukulu mu chitukuko cha kudwala ankaimba osati mochuluka majini momwe maphunziro ndi malo ochezera. Mwachitsanzo, matenda osaneneka angayambe ndi maziko a kusowa chidwi ndi kugwira nawo moyo wa mwana ndi makolo awo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, pafupifupi 40% ya ana ndi matenda khalidwe amadwala izo mtsogolo.

Obwerawa umunthu matenda achinyamata si matenda. matenda akhoza matenda pokhapokha msinkhu inatha - munthu wamkulu kale wapanga khalidwe kuti ayenera kudzudzulidwa, koma sitisintha kwathunthu. Koma potha msinkhu, makhalidwe otere nthawi zambiri zimakhala "perestroika" omwe akukumana achinyamata onse. Mtundu waukulu wa mankhwala - misala. achinyamata aakulu wosanganiza umunthu chisokonezo mu siteji ya decompensation mwina ntchito m'mafakitale ndipo sikuloledwa kwa asilikali.

Umunthu Matenda Chithandizo

Anthu ambiri amene anapezeka ndi "wosanganiza umunthu chisokonezo", chidwi makamaka mmene yoopsa imeneyi ndipo ngati alandire. Anthu ambiri amapezeka mwangozi, odwala kuti iwo osaganizira kwa mawonetseredwe a. Pakali pano, funso ngati alandire, udakalipo.

Azamisala amakhulupirira kuti kuchiza umunthu matenda mtundu wosanganiza ndi kovuta - kuti chidzachitike n'chiyani munthu moyo wake wonse. Komabe, madokotala ndikukhulupirira kuti zizindikiro zikhoza kuchepetsedwa kapena kukwaniritsa chikhululukiro khola. Ndiko kuti, wodwala Amasintha kwa anthu ndi angamasuke. Pa nthawi yomweyo n'kofunika kuti akufuna kuthetsa zizindikiro za matenda ake ndiponso anali ndi kuwonana ndi dokotala. Popanda mankhwala izi chilakolako sadzagwira ntchito.

Mankhwala mankhwala a wosanganiza umunthu matenda

Ngati organic umunthu matenda chiyambi osokonezeka zambiri ankachitira ndi mankhwala, matenda imatengedwa mwa ife - misala. azamisala ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mankhwala si kuthandiza wodwala, chifukwa si umalimbana bongo chikhalidwe, imene odwala amafunika kukhala kwenikweni.

Koma musakhale mofulumira kupereka mankhwala - ambiri a iwo amatha kuchepetsa munthu aliri, kuchotsa zizindikiro munthu, monga matenda, nkhawa. Pankhaniyi, prescribers kusamala, chifukwa odwala ndi kudalira matenda umunthu mankhwala amapezeka mofulumira kwambiri.

Kutsogolera ntchito pa mankhwala a antipsychotics kusewera - zochokera zizindikiro, madokotala mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga "Haloperidol" ndi ena ofanana. Kuti mankhwala chotchuka kwambiri madokotala ndi matenda umunthu, monga amachepetsa maonekedwe a mkwiyo.

Komanso, ena Kwalamulidwa mankhwala:

• "Flupektinsol" bwinobwino kulimbana ndi maganizo ofuna kudzipha.
• "Olazapin" amawathandiza Kusakhazikika maganizo, mkwiyo; Zizindikiro akhate ndi nkhawa; Iwo ali zotsatira opindulitsa amafuna kudzipha.
• Valproic asidi - maganizo stabilizer - amavutikira maganizo ndi ukali.
• "Lamotrigine" ndi "Topiromat" kuchepetsa impulsivity, kukwiya, nkhawa.
• "Amitriptin" komanso amachitira maganizo.

Mu 2010, madokotala akhala akufufuza mankhwala, koma zotsatira za ntchito nthawi yayitali wosadziwika, ngati pali chiopsezo mavuto. Mu nkhani iyi, mabungwe a Health National ku United Kingdom mu 2009 lofalitsidwa nkhani yomwe zikunenedwa kuti akatswiri musati amalangiza kuti mankhwala, ngati pali umunthu matenda, wosakaniza mtundu. Koma mankhwalawa comorbidities mankhwala kungabweretse positive.

Misala ndi losakanizika umunthu matenda

Misala mu mankhwala n'chofunikira kutsogolera. Komabe, njira imeneyi ndi yaitali ndipo amafuna mosalekeza. Nthawi zambiri, odwala mkati zaka 2-6 akwaniritsa chikhululukiro, yomwe inatenga zaka ziwiri.

DBT (Dialectical khalidwe Therapy) - njira kuti anali mwakuchita Marsha Linehan mu 90s lapansi. Ndi cholinga chake makamaka kwa odwala amene anamva ululu ndipo sangathe achire izo. Malinga ndi dokotala, ululu sangathe kupewedwa komanso mavuto - n'zotheka. Akatswiri kuthandiza odwala awo kukhala mzere wina wa maganizo ndi makhalidwe. Izi zidzathandiza m'tsogolo kupewa mavuto ndi kuteteza decompensation.

Misala, kuphatikizapo banja, amafuna kusintha ubale lotha pakati pa wodwalayo komanso banja lake ndi anzake. Chithandizo zambiri kumatenga za chaka. Zimathandiza kuthetsa kusakhulupirirana, manipulativeness, mtima kudzikuza. dokotala akuyang'ana muzu wa vuto wodwalayo, ndipo anasonyeza kuti iwo. Odwala ndi matenda narcissistic (narcissistic ndi narcissistic), amene anafotokoza kuti matenda umunthu ndi atatu analimbikitsa psychoanalysis.

Umunthu chisokonezo ndi laisensi

Kodi "wosanganiza umunthu chisokonezo" mfundo zimayenderana ndi "chilolezo galimoto"? Inde, nthawi zina ngati matenda ingam'lepheretse wodwalayo galimoto, koma mu nkhani iyi, aliyense payekha. The zamaganizo ayenera kudziwa zimene mitundu ya matenda ofala mu mtima ndi zomwe zikuwonjezera mavutowa. Kokha pamaziko a mfundozi kupanga katswiri komaliza "vertikt". Atakupezani zaka zapitazo mu ankhondo, n'zomveka muganizirenso ofesi ya dotoloyo. Obwerawa umunthu chisokonezo ndi laisensi nthawi mwamtheradi saletsa ndi mzake.

Zofunikila pa moyo wa wodwala

Mavuto ndi ntchito odwala zapaderazi zambiri zimachokeradi, ndipo kucheza ndi anthu bwino, ngakhale mu nkhani iyi zimatengera pa azikhala mbali pathological. Ngati pali matenda a "wosanganiza umunthu chisokonezo", malamulo kuphimba pafupifupi onse muzochitika za moyo wa anthu, monga nthawi zambiri saloledwa asilikali ndi kuyendetsa galimoto. Komabe, mankhwala kumathandiza kusalaza m'mbali zamwano, ndi moyo monga munthu wathanzi kwathunthu.