Ntchito Wopusa anthu m'minda ya zachuma ndi ndale - amene agonjetsa steppes ndi zipululu

Kodi ofunda ndi owuma, popanda mapiri, mitsinje ndi nyanja, makilomita ambiri Tambasula a steppe ndi chipululu. Chinthu china chimene zimagwirizana pamodzi ndi kupanda mitengo ndi chosaneneka thambo.

Kodi osiyana ndi steppe chipululu

Ngakhale kufanana akuoneka kuti, steppes ndi zipululu ndi mbali zina zapadera. Woyamba ndipo chopambana - ndi malo m'mayiko ambiri. M'chipululu zimangokhala kwa equator, amene anafotokoza kutentha kwa mpweya malo awa ndi nyengo youma, womwe akutitsogolera kuti wosaperewera wa nyama ndi zomera apachiyambi. Steppe ali mu malo bwino, cifukwa iwo ili kumpoto amene amapereka mvula kwambiri ndipo monga Motero, kukhalapo kwa wandiweyani (midzidzi ya chaka) udzu chivundikiro, komanso zosiyanasiyana wamoyo nyama m'mayiko amenewo. Steppe yabwino kwa akatembenuka iwo mu olimapo. Motero, mbali yaikulu ndi nyengo. N'zovuta kunyamula, pafupifupi anhydrous chifukwa kutentha mu chipululu, iye nkuzinyoza pamwamba pansi mu mchenga ndi saline. Miyala ndi dothi dongo ali oyenera kupatulapo cacti, euphorbia ndi zina yonse ya succulents ndi xerophytes angathe yaitali kupirira kutentha kwambiri. M'chigawo cha yemweyo amalima mitundu ya zakudya zachimanga, dothi izi ndi amenable kuti kuweta. Iwo anali atakulitsa m'magawo akuluakulu pa zaka khumi zapitazi.

zosiyanasiyanazo kuwaopseza

Mwa expanses izi kufanana chibadidwe ndi kusiyana, ndipo anaopsezedwa steppes ndi zipululu ndi mbali wamba ndi chosiyana. Zoyambazo monga kusintha kwa nyengo ndi zochita za anthu, khamu zambiri khalidwe wakulungama. Steppes ngozi ndi weathering ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka, ku chipululu - desiccation wake zina. Choncho, kuopseza waukulu steppes ndi - kukokoloka nthaka ndi ndondomeko chiwonongeko cha chapamwamba, zigawo zothandiza kwambiri. zinthuzo chifukwa cha chilengedwe (pakalibe mapiri ndi zopinga zachilengedwe nkhalango kuti mukhoza kulowa mu njira ya mphepo zowononga).

zinthu kutsogoloko anthu

Lathyathyathya mtunda, osati abwino outflow zachilengedwe waponya Mvula itagwa, ngalande yokutidwa ndi zigwembe, ndi mchere wofunika, nthaka linasokoneza ndi kusinthidwa. Panalibe kupita mozungulira icho. Mwachitsanzo, ndi mavuto kuti chinachitika mu North America. Tikuyankhula zokhudza mikuntho fumbi m'kati kwa zaka khumi, kuchokera 1930 mpaka 1940, woyendera nthambi steppe, wotchedwa mminda kumeneko. America amakonda kupereka nkhondo ndi masoka wokongola dzina, apa ndi mndandanda wa wapadera ndi mphamvu ya mkuntho ankatchedwa "Fumbi Bowl". Zinachititsa mu kusamutsidwa chachikulu, anthu atsala, ngakhale mu Canada. Pa nthawi imeneyi chitukuko cha anthu sangakhale pa yabwino mlingo potsimikizira zimene likuoneka steppes ndi zipululu. Chinthu chokha chimene angakhale anthu Dziko Lapansi - zilibe kukulitsa nkhaniyo, osati kulimbikitsa kapena kumenyana zowononga zinangokhalako zokha. Musati kudula nkhalango, kuti kukhetsa m'madambo, akusandutsa gawo wotanganidwa ndi pamaso, osati mu nthaka yachonde, ndi zipululu mchenga. mipata Alonda wolemera wakuda dziko mtengo waukulu zedi moti chapamwamba Nazi masikono kuchotsedwa, muchikombole Chiyukireniya nthaka.

Munthu mdani wa chilengedwe

Choncho amene agonjetsa steppes ndi zipululu zambiri - masoka achilengedwe kapena wosaganizira ntchito Homo sapiens? Ndipotu, kusintha kwanyengo, amene amasintha malangizo a mafunde a nyanja, ndi si popanda munthu. Ndi wokhoza kuononga ngakhale nyama zochepa ndi zinyama kwa chipululu, achititsa kuti motalikira mofulumira kuyanika wa nthaka ya chipululu ndi madera zogundana, wodziwonetsa kale mu danga opanda moyo.

Kumene, mwamuna wotchedwa wanzeru, zochita zake si nthawi zonse zowononga. Nature ali ndi mphamvu zina za zitetezeke, ndi kukhulupirira kuti m'tsogolo osati Kuchotsera. Sungani chikhalidwe cha Earth kungakhale njira mabuku kwa pothetsa vuto limeneli, nawo m'mayiko onse. Ndiyeno, mwa onse amene agonjetsa steppes ndi zipululu, ndi ndondomeko patsogolo. Ndipo chitsanzo mokwiya ndi kudula-kuchokera nthawi ndi Boma la Crimea ulimi wothirira njira Ukraine. Chifukwa cha zimenezi kungakhale chilala, likhoza kuwononga m'madera ambiri olimapo, amene ntchito okhala chilumba akukumana Crimea steppe. More - kwambiri. Angathandizidwe chuma ubusa monga chilala akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa mu kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Ichi ndi chitsanzo ndi mfundo opanda nzeru ndi zinthu zopanda chilungamo anthu imodzi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, tiona kuti n'zosatheka kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira zabwino mu gawo dziko zachuma chifukwa chiwonongeko cha anthu ena. Chitsanzo ndi chitukuko cha ulimi wa shale gasi, chingachititse osati nthaka wakuda ndi madzi, koma moyo mwa mayiko amenewa zikhale zosatheka.

Osati zonse ndi chiyembekezo

Koma sindikufuna kulankhula ndi zimene likuoneka steppes ndi zipululu, komanso onse chikhalidwe anthu. Pali njira zambiri okhazikika kuletsa kukokoloka dziko. Pali chiyembekezo cha mgwirizano wa maiko onse pa kuchotsa kumaliseche mu chikhalidwe cha zinthu zowononga zimene zimachititsa kupatulira wa ozoni a Dziko Lapansi, ndi chifukwa, zikubweretsa likutentha - ndi Kulingalira anthu. Kuteteza steppe ndi chipululu kukhala, mwa ambiri m'kati mwamalire a dziko limodzi. Pankhaniyi, mfundo yofunika kupezeka kwa akatswiri kwambiri luso ndi mphamvu kugwiritsa iwo njira wololera ndi zothandiza ku moyo. Imodzi mwa njira kulimbana kukokoloka kwa nthaka, kunama padziko, ndi chodzala windbreaks ulimi yokumba, kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala zoipa kuti zotsatira yomweyo. Udindo ankaimba ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo otetezedwa, ndi chiletso wololera pa mitundu ina ya zochita za anthu. Ngati malo a unakhazikitsidwa m'dera la chipululu, cascades nyanja yokumba kukometsera malo ndiponso kupangitsa nyama ndi zomera.