Melanocorypha: ofotokoza ndi malo

Lark - mbalame lalikulu thupi la magalamu 52-67 ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 20 masentimita, wa passerine, checkered pamwamba, ndi mtundu nganga ya mchenga ndi wandiweyani, yokhota kumapeto mulomo ndi miyendo amphamvu. Amadziwika mbalame ndi awiri woderapo mawanga pa mmero. chizindikiro china akuwonekera pa ndege: moyera-nthenga kwambiri flanking mapiko. Amuna ndi akazi pafupifupi ofanana mu maonekedwe ndi kukula, choncho amakhala ovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa ngakhale alimi odziwa nkhuku.

Okonda trills zokoma kuonetsetsa nyimbo za mbalame. Melanocorypha kuimba ndege, ankapha zovuta, ndi zolemba mkulu, nyimbo wokongola kwambiri. Nyimbo adzaitana ndi popped, koma kosangalatsa khutu. Ndicho chifukwa mbalame wotchuka kwambiri pakati okonda zinyama.

malo

Melanocorypha moyo mu Russia, Ukraine, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Portugal, Libya ndi mayiko ena. Mukukonda m'madera steppe, minda ndi udzu wandiweyani, m'dera udzu, kusankha malo kutenthetsa ndi dzuwa. Bzalani wapadera zokonda zapatsidwa tchire, aster ndi bluegrass acheya viviparous, kukonza pansi chisa. M'madera otentha moyo chaka chonse, nthawi zambiri kusankha malo awa yozizira.

kukaikira mazira Features

Nest melanocorypha wreathed ndi masamba mbewu monga chimanga, mizu ndi mapesi a m'munda udzu, mu dzenje pansi lalikulu zitsamba chitsamba. Kwambiri kawirikawiri Tingaone mu youma kavalo manyowa kapena pansi pa thanthwe. Akazi kutchera mazira 3 mpaka 6 (amene ali osowa kwambiri). Anaona, zauve wobiriwira. Mbalame banja kukhazikika pa mtunda wa mamita 100 Chrixitu.

The wamkazi amawaumbatira mazira pang'ono kuposa milungu iwiri, kenako yofanana juveniles chakudya. Patapita miyezi ingapo mbalame achinyamata amapita ku mapaketi, nthawizina kufika kwa anthu 200, ndi kuyendayenda kukafunafuna chakudya. magulu oterowo zisungika Anakweranso zasungidwa. Iwo akuchita phokoso kwambiri chifukwa nyimbo mokhumudwa kasupe ndi masiku ofunda m'dzinja.

chakudya

alimi nkhuku kuti mbali zina Calandra Lark. Mbalame wakudya - funso limene chidwi ambiri. Ziweto za mbalame zimawononga ndalama yaikulu tizilombo zoipa, kuteteza minda udzu ndi mbande mbewu monga chimanga. Koma mbewu ya namsongole kukhala luso zinyalala kuti zimere. Motero, pali kufesa minda ndi namsongole, kuononga ndi kusokoneza zokolola za mbewu. Okha dzinthu mbalame musakhudze, kudya yekha atagwa mu ndondomeko ya kutolera kapena mbewu kusasitsa.

Kulonga n'cigwagwa kuzipenya onsewa, izo ingapendame bwino kwa chabwino, kuwonongeka ndi tizilombo zoipa, mbewu akuwononga ndi makutu kucha chimanga, ndithudi, kuposa kuwonongeka kwa namsongole, akupeza munda, ndipo popanda thandizo la mbalame.

Kudya melanocorypha yokhayokha mbewu pansi pa udzu ndi mbewu, awapeza ngakhale pansi chisanu. Chakudya kudya tizilombo: ziwala, kafadala, weevils, kafadala tirigu, ntchentche, nyerere, zosiyanasiyana mbozi ndi akangaude. mbalame oyambirira alandire mulomo tizilombo ake burrowing mu padziko lapansi. mbalame akumwa madzi abwino, koma waona ndi mchere waterhole.

Kusunga mu ukapolo

Melanocorypha ali pakati pa zoimba zakutchire ambiri amalikonda kuchokera alimi nkhuku. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuphweka amanena. Ndithu khamu ndi ankakopa m'manja, iwo mwamsanga amakonda anthu. Wosangalala kusungulumwa mbalame kumathandiza kampani ya larks zina, akhoza kukhala subspecies wina, umene kuchepetsa mantha ndi mokwiya. Kumayimba mu ukapolo mbalame kuyamba pa tsiku lachinayi, m'mawa mpaka usiku, magetsi bwino analekerera. Care ayenera kumwedwa kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zinali oyenera larks, mwinamwake iwo akhoza kudwala. Kupezeka ufulu inayenera kukhala madzi oyera kwa mbalame samaona ludzu.

Zomwe lalikulu kugula?

Melanocorypha, za zimene zikusonyeza kuti maselo kukhalabe bwino kusankha ndi bumpers mkulu ndi zofewa pamwamba, ndi zonse ndi pansi retractable, sindimakonda nkhawa. Zofewa denga anafunika mbalame anaphwanya mutu wake mwa chizolowezi kuti avule zikuchepa m'mwamba pamene mantha. Pansi pa selo udzathiridwa wosanjikiza mchenga woyera pafupifupi 15 masentimita, anaika miyala ikuluikulu ndi nkhuni.

mbalame izi pafupifupi konse kukhala pa nthambi ndi tchire. Lark kudyetsedwa tirigu zosakaniza popanda mbewu hemp, mwatsopano ndi zouma mazira nyerere, kaloti grated, otsika-mafuta kanyumba tchizi, crackers. Forage woyamba anatsanulira pa mchenga, monga mbalame alibe nthawi yomweyo azolowere wodyetsa lapansi. Iwo akusangalala ndi nyimbo zawo makamu mozungulira zaka 10 ndi kukonza yoyenera. Iwo amafa m'chaka ndi, monga ulamuliro, mwadzidzidzi ndi mofulumira. Anthu amene akufuna kugula mbalame, koma sakudziwa chimene chimaoneka Calandra Lark, zithunzi adzakuthandizani kumvetsa.

Olimbikitsa chifaniziro cha mbalame umaonekera mabuku, sonorous kuimba akulongosoledwa mabuku a Turgenev ndi ndakatulo Alekseya Tolstogo. Ndipo Dagestani wolemba Kulunchakovoy ndi buku "Steppenwolf lark" imene zikugwirizana ndi mbalame za akazi amphamvu ndi olimba wofuna amene akumenyana kwa ufulu kukonda ndi kukondedwa.