Chigawo cha Zida za Moscow Kremlin. Zithunzi za Khoti Lalikulu la Mzinda wa Moscow Kremlin

Moscow ndi umodzi mwa mitu yayikulu kwambiri ya dziko lapansi. Ikudziwika chifukwa cha chuma chake chakale ndi miyambo yake yaulemerero. Kuoneka kwa likulu la dziko la Russia kumagwirizanitsa bwino nyumba zamakono komanso zipilala zakale zamakono. Ku Museums Museum ku Moscow, amene chiŵerengero chawo chiri pafupi ndi 400, chikhalidwe cholemera kwambiri chochokera kwa makolo athu chimasungidwa. Ili ndilo buku la mbiri yakale, lomwe likuwululidwa kwa aliyense yemwe akufuna kuti alowe nawo m'zaka zodabwitsa za anthu a ku Russia. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kwambiri mumzindawu ndi Kremlin. Kwa nthawi yaitali wakhala chizindikiro osati cha Mwala Woyera wokha, koma wa Russia yense.

Moscow Kremlin

Chimake chokhazikitsidwa chokhazikitsidwa m'malo am'mudzi. Mu 1990, Kremlin ndi pafupi ndi Red Square zinalembedwa pa List Of Heritage World UNESCO. Mfundo iyi imasonyezanso kufunika kwa chikumbutso ichi cha mbiri yakale osati kwa anthu a ku Russia okha komanso ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko lapansi. M'gawo lake muli zitsanzo zochititsa chidwi za luso la zomangamanga, komanso wotchuka, osati ku Russia kokha, komanso kufupi ndi malire ake, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Moscow Kremlin. Mlandu wa Armory ndiwo wotchuka pakati pawo. Maulendo opita ku mbali iyi ya mtima wa Russia nthawi zonse amatchuka. Ndipo ndichifukwa chake! Pambuyo pake, Khoti la Armory ndiloona ngati nyumba yosungiramo chuma. Zojambula zake zamtengo wapatali zimatha kuwonetsanso masamba olemekezeka a mbiri yathu.

Mbiri yakale

Kwa nthawi yoyamba Khoti Lachiwiri la Moscow Kremlin (chithunzi pamwambapa) amatchulidwa mu annals wa theka la zaka za zana la 16. Amanena za moto umene unachitikira ku Kremlin: "... Nyumbayi ndi nyumba ya njiwa yokhala ndi zida za nkhondo." Pa nthawi ya Ivan III adatchedwa Grand Treasury, ndipo adali mu Nyumba ya Boma, pakati pa Annunciation ndi Kachisi Wamkulu. Pansi pa Peter I, pulogalamuyi inakhazikitsidwa, momwe zinthu zamtengo wapatali zinasungidwira. Anauzidwa kuti asamangidwe kumeneko osati zinthu zokha zokha, komanso zinthu zofuna chidwi. Mu 1737, chuma cha Bwalo la Armory la Moscow Kremlin chinagwidwanso ndi moto. Moto unawononga mbali ya zida ndi mpikisano, kuphatikizapo zomwe zinachokera ku nkhondo ya Poltava. Pambuyo pake, miyezo yamoyoyo inasamutsidwa kupita ku Terem Palace. Mu 1810, malinga ndi lamulo la Alexander I, chipinda chapadera chinamangidwa. Komabe, posakhalitsa ndipo sikunali kofunika, popeza kale mu 1851 Khoti la Armory la Moscow Kremlin linasamukira ku nyumba yatsopano, yomangidwa ndi katswiri Konstantin Ton, yemwe akupitirizabe mpaka lero. Kuchokera mu 1960, chuma ichi ndi mbali ya malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ku Moscow Kremlin. Ndipo m'chaka cha 1962 m'bwalo lamilandu wakale la Chambers panali nthambi ya Armory Chamber, yomwe ndi Museum of Applied Art ndi Life of Russia cha m'ma 1800.

Mbiri Yakale

Dzina lake linaperekedwa ku Khoti la Armory ku Moscow chifukwa mmenemo munali mfuti za mfuti, pokhala amisiri abwino kwambiri a siliva ndi golidi. Iwo anapanga zida zomasuka, zowala, zapamwamba kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, msonkhano unaphatikizidwira ku chipinda chojambula chojambula, chodziwika ndi masitala monga F. Zubov, S. Ushakov, I. Bezmin. Pakapita nthawi, ntchito zake zasintha, chifukwa, kuphatikizapo zida zopanga zinthu ndi zinthu zina zamakono, chipindachi chatsopano kukhala malo osungira zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo Khoti la Armory la Moscow Kremlin likupitiriza kubwereranso chifukwa cha zida zankhondo, mphatso za amalonda ndi nthumwi zakunja.

Zisonyezero zakuthupi ndi mbiriyakale

M'mbiri yonse ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, idadzaza ndi chuma chochuluka, mosungidwa chaka ndi chaka, chifukwa lero ife tikhoza kusunga zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndi zosiyana siyana. Potero, pakuzunzidwa kwachipembedzo, Khoti la Armory ku Moscow linasungira ndi kusunga miyambo yonse ya mipingo yotsekedwa. Komanso m'mabwalo a nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale mumatha kuona zovala za mwambo wa anthu achifumu komanso oimira Tchalitchi cha Orthodox, zinthu zosiyanasiyana za siliva ndi golide zomwe ambuye akale ankachita.

State regalia ndi zinthu zachifumu

Chimodzi mwa zilembo zotchuka kwambiri ndi chikho cha Monomakh. Ikukongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi ubweya wambiri. Iye anavekedwa korona ku ulamuliro wa Grand Dukes wa Russia. Alendo amatha kuona mpando wachiwiri womwe abale Ivan IV ndi Peter Alekseevich, omwe adakonzedweratu ndi Peter I, adakongoletsedwa korona. Mpando wachifumuwu ndi wodabwitsa, chifukwa uli ndi khomo ndi chipinda chochepa. Malinga ndi nthano, pankakhala woyenderera mmenemo, zomwe zinapangitsa abale kuti azilankhula. Alendo amatha kuyamikira ufumu wa Ivan wotchedwa Terrible. Zili ndizitsulo zamakono a njovu, zomwe zikuyimira zithunzi zosiyanasiyana: Baibulo, nthano, mbiriyakale. Zithunzi za Armory Chamber ya Moscow Kremlin sizidzasiya alendo aliyense kumusamu. Amadabwa ndi ntchito yawo yovuta komanso yovuta kwambiri.

Zida

Alendo odalirika amapatsidwa zida zambiri zankhondo komanso zida zowononga zida za akavalo. Kotero, mu nyumba yosungiramo zinyumba pali chisokonezo cha mphunzitsi wokhala pahatchi. Onsewo atakulungidwa zida. Hatchi ili ndi miyendo yokha ndi maso otseguka, mphunzitsi ali ndi vuto limodzi lokhazikika: nkhope, osati zonse, koma kachidutswa kakang'ono chabe, chifukwa chidutswa chochepa chovala pachipewa ndicho gawo lokhalo lotseguka. Malupanga ndi malupanga okhala ndi hilts, onse okongoletsedwa ndi golidi ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, zida zankhondo za mitundu yosiyana siyana ya dziko, mabasiketi ndi mfuti, zogwiritsidwa ndi siliva ndi golidi, zimasungidwa pamayimiliro.

Zipangizo za tchalitchi ndi zobvala

M'nyumba ziŵiri zomaliza za nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zimapereka magalimoto akale ndi zovala. Kutsegula kwa chiwonetserocho kumatsegulidwa ndi zikwangwani zakale za mumzinda wa Moscow. Amachotsedwa ku nsalu yotchinga, yokongoletsedwa ndi golidi, siliva ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. Chokwera kwambiri cha sakkos ndicho chovala cha Metropolitan Nikon. Anapanga chobvala cha golide woyenga bwino, kuwonjezera apo, iyo idasambira ngale zambiri ndi mbale zagolide. Cholemera chonse cha chovala ichi ndi makilogalamu 24. Pano pali suti yabwino!

Ndipo zinthu, zinthu, zinthu ...

Chigawo chonse cha asilikali a ku Moscow Kremlin chiri ndi zinthu zoposa 4,000 zamakono ndi zamisiri zochokera ku mayiko a ku Eastern, Europe ndi Russia. Pano mungathe kuwona Mauthenga Abwino angapo, omwe malipiro awo amakonzedwa ndi miyala yambiri yamtengo wapatali. Masters anawapanga kuchokera ku golidi, kenako amazokongoletsedwa ndi mdima wakuda ndi scandium ndi miyala yayikulu. Kufunika kwakukulu kwa zowonetserako kunabweretsa mbiri ya dziko la museum. Kotero, Dmitry Likhachev adanena kuti Khoti la Armory la Moscow Kremlin ndi "... kuposa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Ichi ndi chikumbukiro cha anthu athu, chuma cha Russia. "

Tiyeni tiyang'ane mosungiramo chuma cha a Russian tsars: Khoti la Armory la Moscow Kremlin

Ulendo wa museum wapadera umenewu umaphatikizapo kukachezera maholo asanu ndi anayi. Zoyamba ziwirizo zimapereka zinthu za siliva ndi golide zomwe akatswiri a ku Russia a m'zaka za m'ma 1800 anapanga. M'zaka za zana loyamba ndi XVII-XX. Pachiwiri. Nyumba zachitatu ndi zachinayi zikuwonetsa zida za zikondwerero. Mikangano ya zikhalidwe za Kum'mawa ndi Ulaya za m'zaka za zana la 15 ndi 19, komanso zida za Russian, zafotokozedwa kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 12. Mu holo yachisanu, alendo amatha kuona zogulitsa zasiliva za ku Western Europe za m'zaka za m'ma XIII-XIX. Pachisanu ndi chimodzi chiwonetserocho chimaperekedwa ku nsalu zamtengo wapatali ndi kusoka kwa zaka za XIV-XVIII. Pali zovala zapadera zowonetsedwa za XVI-XX zaka zambiri. Nyumba yachisanu ndi chiwiri ikuimira ufumu wakale wa dziko, komanso zikondwerero za m'zaka za m'ma 1300. Nyumba yachisanu ndi chitatu imadzaza ndi ziwonetsero za mahatchi a kavalo m'zaka za XIII-XVIII. Ndipo chotsiriza, chachisanu ndi chinayi, chikuyimira okhulupirira.

Alendo aku Moscow akulimbikitsidwa ...

Malo osungiramo zinyumba za Kremlin, makamaka Makamu a Zida, akulimbikitsidwa kuti azichezera alendo onse a likululikulu. Onse okaona alendo ndi ochokera kumalo amodzi adzapeza zinthu zambiri zatsopano, pokhala akudziwana bwino ndi zosonkhanitsa izi. Ndipotu ziwonetsero zomwe zikufotokozedwa apa zikudzilankhulira zokha, zimalengeza kwa alendo mbiri yakale ya dziko lathu lokha, koma dziko lonse la Eurasian. Ndiponsotu, zolembedwera nthawi zambiri zinalembedwa kuti zisangalatse boma lamakono, kusokoneza zochitika zenizeni. Ndipo zojambulazo zimatha kunena za zochitika zenizeni za nthawi imeneyo, mumangofunika kukhala oganizira ena ndi okonzeka kuvomereza china chatsopano. Nyumba yosungiramo ziwonetsero zopanda mtengo, chuma chambiri ndi mbiri yakale osati anthu a ku Russia okha, koma a dziko lonse - izi ndizo zomwe Armory ya Moscow Kremlin inayenera. Tikiti timayendera izi, sitidzaopa kuyerekezera kotero, zozizwitsa zogulitsa zimagulitsidwa ku ofesi ya tikiti yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale 45 mphindi isanayambe kumayambiriro kwa gawoli. Tsiku lililonse, kupatula Lachinayi, pali magawo 4: pa 10.00, 12.00, 14.30 ndi 16.30

Kodi ndizotani kuti mupite ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale?

Mtengo wa tikiti yonse ndi ma ruble 700. Komabe, kwa omwe amapita ku penshoni, ophunzira ndi ophunzira mtengowo udzakhala ma ruble 200 okha. Kuwonjezera apo, pamapeto a sabata ndi maholide, ndizotheka kugula tikiti ya banja kuti muyende ku Khoti la Zida. Mtengo wa ulendowu ndi ma ruble 200 pa membala wa banja. Ndipo Lolemba lirilonse lachitatu la mwezi, anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 18 akhoza kupita ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kwaulere. Kuwonjezera apo, tsiku ndi tsiku kwa anthu olumala anthu 1 ndi magulu awiri, mabanja akuluakulu, olemba, masukulu a usilikali 1 ndi 2 maphunziro, ankhondo a Second World War, ana a sukulu, ana amasiye, ogwira ntchito ku museum akuyendera Mndandanda wa Armory kwaulere.

Chotsatira cha audio

Alendo onse ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale amakupatsani chitsogozo chaulere. Zimakuthandizani kuti mudziwe bwino ndondomeko ya musemuyo, mvetserani zambiri zokhudza chiwonetserochi. Komabe, nthawi yoikika (mphindi 90 zokha) sizikukwanira kuti, popanda kufulumira, kuyendera zojambulazo ndi kumvetsera zambiri zokhudza iwo. Khoti la asilikali la Moscow Kremlin ndilo chuma chamtengo wapatali, chomwe chinasonkhanitsa zida zamtengo wapatali komanso zosaiwalika m'mabungwe a Kremlin, komanso zinalandira ndi a Russian Russian ambars.

Pomaliza

Malo a Armory ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zomwe aliyense ayenera kuyendera. Pano chuma chambiri chakale cha dziko lathu chimayikidwa. Inde, si aliyense amene angakwanitse kulipira ulendo. Ndikufuna kuwona kuti maulendo a nzika za dziko lathu anali omasuka, chifukwa izi ndizopadera kwa anthu. Komabe, ziyenera kumveka kuti zomwe zili mndandandawu, chitetezero, malipiro kwa ogwira ntchito yosungiramo zamchere - zonsezi zimafuna ndalama zambiri, kotero mtengo wa kupita ku chiwonetserochi umadzilungamitsa.