Kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi zimayambitsa

kukokoloka kwa nthaka - izi ndi ndondomeko wamba amene chiwonongeko dothi ndi nthaka ndi ndege mitsinje Sungunulani, mphepo, mvula ndi madzi ulimi wothirira kapena mphepo. Kuwononga wotero amadza yaikulu. kukokoloka kwa nthaka kale kudzipatula 2 Bln. mahekitala wa dziko zolinga ulimi, kuphatikizapo olimapo (50 miliyoni. maekala).

Nthaka dongosolo kudziletsa kuchiritsa Komabe, kubwezeretsa kuonongeka wosanjikiza makulidwe a 2.5 masentimita chofunika zaka 300-1000.

Mitundu ya kukokoloka kwa nthaka - ndi madzi ndi mpweya (deflation).

Kukokoloka mitundu scours kulepheretsa mankhwala nthaka; Iwo amalenga gullies, kuchepetsa m'dera pansi pa mbewu; kuwononga misewu wodzazidwa minda. Padziko chapamwamba yochepa otsetsereka ndi yafupika kapena kwathunthu anatsuka chernozem wosanjikiza, kumene kumakhudza zokolola.

Zoyambitsa kukokoloka

Mphamvu ya pakutchulidwa osefukira ali kwambiri kufooketsedwa ndi nyengo, mtunda, kukokololoka kwa nthaka ulamuliro bata, zomera m'madera amenewa, ntchito zachuma a anthu ndi zinthu zina.

kukokoloka kwa nthaka zimadalira nyengo, chifukwa kumatheka kukokoloka chifukwa cha kusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha, kuchuluka ndi mphamvu ya mvula, liwiro mphepo ndi mphamvu. Low nthaka kutentha kwambiri amaundana, ndi mphamvu ya thawing ake ndi kusungunuka chisanu amakhudza mlingo wa kusalola madzi mu nthaka, kumene kumakhudza madzi otaya, kukokololoka kwa nthaka ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka.

kukokoloka madzi ndi chigwa (struychatoy, liniya) planar ndi ulimi wothirira (ulimi wothirira).

Ngati m'nyengo yozizira otsetsereka a wofuka chisanu ndi mphepo yamphamvu, nthaka yaikidwa umboni, amaundana ndiponso kupewa zilowerere madzi kusungunuka. Izi zimayambitsa otaya tima wa madzi.

Mphepo kumakhudzanso ndondomeko osefukira madzi, chifukwa redistributes chisanu pa mtunda, ndi iwombela pa otsetsereka a zigwembe, matabwa ndi zina zotero. D.

Deflation amadalira kukokoloka kwa mphamvu mphepo, kuyambira kuonekera pa mlingo wa pafupifupi 12 m / s pa kutalika kwa pafupifupi 10 mamita pamwamba pa nthaka.

Mphepo liwiro labwino chimadaliranso zomera. Pa thambo forestless, mminda, mphepo liwiro zina ukufika 30 m / s ndipo mu zone nkhalango steppe n'chochepa.

Chamvula angathe kuchepetsa kukokoloka mphepo, koma kuchuluka kwawo amalimbikitsa madzi.

Mphamvu ya kuwonongedwa kwa mtunda anakhudzidwawo, a steepness ndi kutalika kwa malo otsetsereka, m'lifupi okulira pa. The yaitali steeper otsetsereka kwambiri, m'dera kuonongeka ndi kukokoloka ndi kuopsa kwa zotsatira zake.

Zokhudzana ndi makhalidwe a dothi bwanji mlingo wa chiwonongeko. Choncho qualitatively ostrukturennye, chernozem friability osiyana, permeability madzi, choncho kukokoloka ndi madzi a mvula pa iwo n'chochepa kwambiri.

kukokoloka kwa nthaka zimadalira makina zikuchokera nthaka. M'mikhalidwe achilengedwe, mpweya ndi kuti atengeke kukokoloka opepuka nthaka - mchenga ndi mchenga loam. dothi Clay ongoyendayenda deflation yekha lotayirira, fumbi chikhalidwe. Mosavuta anawonongedwa ndi mphepo Mbali yokhala ngati dothi - bulauni ndi wakuda lapansi. dothi zamchere ndi malawi mchere - mphepo kugonjetsedwa.

Chifukwa zomera kwambiri yafupika kapena kwathunthu inathetsedwa ndi ndondomeko kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Ombani mvula anasintha zomera wandiweyani, madzi ndi anapitiriza pa masamba zomera ndi udzu kwambiri kubweza otaya madzi.

kukokoloka kwa nthaka yafupika, ngati nthaka yokutidwa ndi udzu osatha kuti kuteteza dothi zotsatira za mvula ndi mphepo, kuwonjezera permeability madzi.

Pa njira erosive kwambiri umakhudza ntchito chuma anthu. Ndi kuwonjezeka chiwerengero cha m'dera anabzala ndi mbewu mzere, limawonjezera mphamvu ya kukokoloka kwa nthaka.

Pamene kwambiri mawotchi tillage atomization ake zikachitika, amene kumawonjezera monga mphepo ndi madzi osefukira. Nthaka compaction amachititsa kudutsa m'munda wa makina katundu famu amachepetsa ake madzi permeability, kuchuluka madzi kutuluka dilutes ndi umatsuka.