Bryology - ndi sayansi chiyani? The etymology akuti ndi mapangidwe chiphunzitso

Bryology - nzeru za ndere (bryophytes). Kumasulira kwa Greek "Brion" - "Moss", "Logos" - "chiphunzitso", kotero kumasulira kwenikweni - "chiphunzitso cha Moss." Bryology - nthambi wachinyamata wa sayansi, yemwe ali mmodzi wa zomera. Asayansi nawo kuphunzira ndere, wotchedwa bryology.

Mutu bryology nkhani

chiphunzitso sayansi kumapereka lingaliro kuphunzira phunziro. Popeza bryology - sayansi ya bryophytes, nkhani ya kuphunzira ndi mitundu woyamba m'banja uwu wa zomera, komanso anatomical, morphological, amuzolengedwa, majini, zachilengedwe, dera limene akukhala, thupi, zizindikiro zawo, bryology, mwa zina, kufufuza kuthekera ntchito ndere mu, mankhwala zolinga banja.

gulu la ndere

Malinga ndi Nawonso achichepere, analemba kuti cha 2010, mu chikhalidwe pali oposa 15,000 mitundu, mibadwo oposa 1 zikwi ndi mabanja oposa 150 ndere. Zaka zingapo m'mbuyomo, mu gawo zomera amatchedwa "bryology" (sayansi - anafotokoza m'nkhani ino) zomera zonse bryophytes, asayansi sankaoneka ngati limodzi udindo taxon ndere dipatimenti.

Science Kodi chilili choncho pali magulu atatu a ndere anazindikiritsidwa mu Dipatimenti izi lero:
1. hornwort.
2. mossy.
3. Chiwindi.

Mapangidwe sayansi

Kwa nthawi yoyamba kuphunzira ndere kuchita pakati pa zana la 19. Bryology yokha (a sayansi ya bryophytes) imatengedwa mwambo achinyamata amene anatuluka pa nthawi imene anakhala zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito njira mu kuphunzira kwa kapangidwe tosaoneka sing'anga-kakulidwe zomera kuyambira kukula 3 mpaka 50 mm. Mwachidule za kapangidwe ndi dongosolo yomanga Moss chinkhoswe I. Hedwig (Switzerland), C. ndi B. Bridel Shimper (Germany), D. Hooker (UK), W. Mitten (USA). Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20 Chifinishi wasayansi V. F. Broterus anali gulu la bryophytes (ndi bryology - nzeru za iwo), limene kwa nthawi yaitali ankaona waukulu, koma patapita nthawi kusinthidwa pang'ono chifukwa kuthekera kuphatikizapo maphunziro maselo.

Mu Russia, anayamba kuphunzira ndere pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19: Society Geographical, zimene zinaphatikizapo malo, E. K. Gofman ndi akatswiri F. I. Rupreht ndi M. E. Tsikkendrat, anatumizidwa kumpoto kwa Urals, ndi ulendo anakhoza kuphunzira bryophytes ndipo ngakhale yolandira herbarium zilipo mitundu zana limodzi ndi khumi. patapita zaka, ndi Russian katswiri A. G. Shrenk mu nthawi kuchokera 1948 mpaka 1955, maulendowa woyamba anali kumpoto kwa Russia, kumene mwakhama kuphunzira bryophytes (bryology - sayansi ya bryophytes). Wasayansi anakwanitsa kupeza mitundu 25 ya zomera, makamaka ndiwo mtundu.

Development wa ganizo sayansi mu mphindi

Panopa mndandanda wa bryophytes sanamalize. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, panali pafupifupi mitundu 22 mpaka 27 zikwi za bryophytes. Komabe bwino kuphunzira ndi asayansi bryology-otentha M'madera a zitunda ndi Chigawo kum'mwera.

The herbarium waukulu wa bryophytes mu Russia unakhazikitsidwa mu madera sayansi Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kirovsk (Murmansk dera), Vladivostok, Irkutsk.