Chuma ndi chomwe nthanthi

Category wa abwino ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu sayansi zosiyanasiyana, osati nzeru. Komabe, chuma ndi chabe mu nzeru ndi nkhani yaikulu. The chiŵerengero cha magawo awiri awa nzeru zaumunthu, nkhani zovuta, kuzungulira amene mtsutso akupitiriza.

Malingaliro a chuma ndi chabe mu nzeru nthawizonse wakhala. Leybnits G. V., woimira nzeru German, analemba kuti waukulu anali zakuthupi Epicurus ndi idealist - Plato.

Vuto la abwino mu nzeru monga asayansi zinthu wobvutika kuyambira nthawi anayamba.

Kusintha ndi kusinthidwa, malingaliro a chuma ndi chabe mu nzeru mulibe boma malo amodzi.

Mu sayansi chakale ndi Attribution chikhalidwe cha chuma anali zonse zachilengedwe, ie, weniweni ndi abwino - .. Kuti zauzimu, mkati dziko la munthu, chikumbumtima chake.

sayansi yamakono amakhulupirira kuti lafalitsidwa ndi yochepa, chifukwa abwino ndiponso chuma ndi mfundo ziwiri achilengedwe.

Komabe, tanthauzo chakale, ife tikudziwira izo lero, anadziwana ndi nthumwi F. Schlegel nzeru za German chakale cha m'ma 19.

Chuma ndi chabe mu nzeru si ofanana mu mawonekedwe ake pa maziko a izi mukhoza kuonetsetsa njira zawo zosiyanasiyana.

mawonekedwe a chuma

Chuma cha Greece wakale ndi East, imene zinthu za dziko lenileni la chikhalidwe m'nkhani okha, kaya chikumbumtima - izo wotchedwa, mawonekedwe koyamba chuma. Anthu a maganizo amenewa akhoza zimachitika Democritus, Thales, Heraclitus ndi zina

Mechanistic (akamabadwa) chuma anakhala ambiri ku Ulaya masiku ano. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo amayamba chuma ankaona ku mawonedwe a chilengedwe. Ndi chuma chonse cha nthawi kusanduka makina zoyenda mitundu ya zinthu. nthawi iyi mwa oimira Galileo, John. Locke, Bacon ndi ena.

mitundu ya chabe

Komanso chuma, chomwe ali m'njira zosiyanasiyana zimene zingatichititse kuzindikira zikuluzikulu ziwiri.

Cholinga chomwe limanena kuti mzimu wa lingaliro la Mulungu sichidalira ngakhale nkhaniyo, kapena chikumbumtima anthu. Nzeru za anthu amene amaganiza choncho - Plato, Hegel, ndi F. Aquinas.

Zotengera malingaliridwe palibe chomwe maganizo amene zidalira pa malingaliro a munthu, ndiye. E. Zikuwoneka, momwe iye wapenyera anthu ake. A nthumwi otchuka kukuchititsa zimenezi J., Berkeley.

Mfundo poipa kwambiri a m'dera lino kumaonekera solipsism (ku Latin solus -. Chimodzi, osakwatiwa ndi ipse - yekha). Nzeru ena a malangizo amaganiza kuti ndithu amanena yonena kungakhale kokha a "Ine" ndi maganizo awo.

mawonekedwe a chuma

Chuma cha Greece wakale ndi East, imene zinthu za dziko lenileni la chikhalidwe m'nkhani okha, kaya chikumbumtima - izo wotchedwa, mawonekedwe koyamba chuma. Anthu a maganizo amenewa akhoza zimachitika Democritus, Thales, Heraclitus ndi zina

Mechanistic (akamabadwa) chuma anakhala ambiri ku Ulaya masiku ano. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo amayamba chuma ankaona ku mawonedwe a chilengedwe. Ndi chuma chonse cha nthawi yafupika mwamwambo mawonekedwe zoyenda pa nkhaniyi. nthawi iyi mwa oimira Galileo, John. Locke, Bacon ndi ena.

Dialectical chuma mu nzeru analengedwa ndi Marx ndi Chichewa, maziko a nzeru za Hegel. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti chofunika kwambiri nzeru Hegel ndi mfundo yakuti maganizo ndi zochita za anthu si zimene chilichonse chikhalidwe komaliza. Komanso mawu akuti choonadi - uyu si mtundu wina wa mbalume, ndi ndondomeko ya njira zakale mu chitukuko cha kudziwa zinthu.

Pakuti nzeru za chuma dialectical, palibe kuthetsedwa ndi kokhazikika. Konse ndi chiwonongeko cha chisindikizo ndi kubadwa, mu zonse ndi mosalekeza kuyenda kuchokera pansi mmwamba, kuchokera kotsikitsitsa kukhala Wammwambamwamba.

Dialectical chuma anatenga monga maziko m'gulu la nzeru Hegel Komabe, kwathunthu rethought ndipo anasintha chofunikira. Ngati nzeru Hegel analankhula za chitukuko cha mzimu mtheradi, mu chuma dialectical amatanthauza njira zosiyanasiyana zimene zimachitika zakuthupi ndi dziko wauzimu. Ndipo pansi lingaliro izo sadazindikira monga demiurge mu Hegel, koma ndi umboni wa moyo ndi dziko lonse munthu.