Mphesa Amur kuphulika: kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana, mbali za kulima ndi ndemanga

Amur mphesa mwachibadwa amapezeka ku Far East (m'nkhalango) komanso kumpoto kwa dziko la China. Ali ndi mipesa yokongola yotsekedwa ndi makungwa a bulauni, masamba obiriwira a matte omwe amakhala ndi mtundu wofiira wofiira m'dzinja.

Nyama yam'munda ya Amur imakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Zipatso zam'mimba zimakhala pafupifupi masentimita awiri, zowoneka mdima wofiirira, pafupifupi wakuda ndi zosiyana. Kumtchire, zomera zimakhala ndi maluwa azimuna ndi abambo. Liana ndi inflorescences zokhudzana ndi amuna ndi akazi amakula kawirikawiri. Mphesa za mtundu wa mtundu wa maluwa zimabala zipatso popanda mitsuko. Maluwa amayamba mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa May. Magulu okhwima mokwanira kumapeto kwa September.

Mphesa izi zikhoza kugawidwa mu zigawo zitatu:

• Kum'mwera;
• Northern;
• Chinese.

Pa kulima chomera ichi udindo wapadera unasewera ndi wofalitsa AI Potapenko. Mmodzi wa oyamba adaganiza zokhala ndi mtundu wochokera ku mpesa wamtchire. Ndipo ine ndiyenera kunena kuti lingaliro lake, lotengedwa ndi otsatira, linaloledwa kupanga mitundu yambiri ya Amur ndi mitundu ya mphesa yomwe imadziwika ndi chisanu chotsutsa ndi chipiriro.

Mawonekedwe otchuka

Maolimu a Amur lero amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu. M'munsimu tidzakulangizani mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yovomerezeka.

Marinovsky

Magulu akuluakulu apakatikati a September. Mitengoyi ndi yaing'ono, yochepa. Zikopa zofiira ndi buluu lakuda. Iwo ali ndi fungo losasangalatsa, ndipo kukoma sikunenetsa kwambiri.

Amethyst

Chimera champhamvu kwambiri, chomwe chimadziwika ndi oboedolost. Pa nthawi imodzi, magulu anayi amacha. Zipatsozo zimabala kumapeto kwa August. Zimakhala zowutsa mudyo komanso zotsekemera, khungu limakhala lobiriwira mumdima wobiriwira. Masangowa ndi aakulu, zipatso zimakhala zazikulu, zozungulira. Zipatso za zosiyanazi sizimakhudza mavu. Mitunduyi imapereka chokolola choyamba chaka chotsatira mutabzala. Ambiri mwa matenda a fungalomu omwe amapezeka mphesa amakhala okhazikika.

Triumph

Chomera ndi champhamvu kwambiri. Zipatso zipse kumapeto kwa August. Iwo amajambula mu mtundu wakuda pinki ndipo ali aakulu kwambiri mu kukula kwake. Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi makhalidwe ake abwino. Zokolola zimakula ndi zaka za mbeu.

Agat Donskoy

Ambiri amalima vinyo amakhulupirira kuti izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zowutsa mudyo komanso zokoma zipatso. Manyowa akulu ndi vinyo amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Chomeracho chimakhala chokwanira ndi kuteteza kwambiri matenda wamba.

Neretinsky

Zinyama zili ndi maluwa okongola. Zokonza mungu zimatha kukhala Amethyst, Agate, Marinovsky ndi maonekedwe ena ogonana. Vinyo, wokonzedwa kuchokera ku zipatso za kalasiyi, amadya chokoleti. Zipatso zikumera kumapeto kwa August. Nthawi zambiri fruiting chaka chachiwiri.

Russian Yatsopano

Zowonjezerapo-tebulo lakumayambiriro. Zipatso zipse kumapeto kwa July. Amuna amphamvu komanso okwatirana osiyanasiyana. Zipatsozi zimakhala zofiira ndi khungu lofiira. Ili ndi kukoma kasupe kakang'ono. Matumbowa ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso minofu.

Amur Kuphulika

Izi, popanda kukokomeza, ndizosiyana kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake tidzakambirana zambiri za izo.

Mphesa Amur kupambana: kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana, ndemanga

Chithunzichi chili ndi mayina awiri a wolemba - Odin ndi Potapenko-7. Malinga ndi olima omwe akudziwa bwino vinyo, zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kudzichepetsa, kupirira ndi kuphweka mu chisamaliro.

Anachotsa AI Potapenko pogwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe a Amuri. Mphesa Amur kupambana amadziwika ndi amphamvu kukula mphamvu ndi zachilendo masamba, amene m'dzinja amapeza kaso kapezi mtundu. Chifukwa cha zokongoletsa izi, zosiyanasiyana, malingaliro a olima vinyo, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pakukongoletsa kwa malo.

Zida Zamkatimu

Kunja mphesa za Amur zimawoneka ngati zamphamvu kwambiri zowononga mphesa zophimbidwa ndi m'malo osasuntha magulu. Mothandizidwa ndi nyanga, mphesa imakwera pafupi ndi nyumba. Zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala ndi mphulupulu ya mphukira. Mu chaka kukula kwa mbewu kungakhale mamita 2.5 mamita.

Mipesa

Makungwa akuphimba mpesa ndi mdima. Pa mphukira yakale, iyo imawomba. Pa nthambi zazing'ono ndizobiriwira kapena zobiriwira. M'dzinja imakhala yofiira.

Masamba

Mphesa Amur ikugwedezeka, kufotokozera komwe tsopano kukupezeka pafupifupi pafupifupi mabuku onse okhudza zamasamba ndi viticulture, amapanga masamba aakulu kwambiri a kuwala kobiriwira. Iwo ali ndi kuzungulira kapena kupangidwira, pamphepete mwazing'ono zamphongo.

Mkati mwa pepalali muli ndi zofewa pansi. M'nyengo yophukira masambawo amatembenuka wofiira, chifukwa cha mitunduyi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mipanda, arbors. Kugwa kwa ntchentche kumayamba masiku oyambirira a mwezi wa Oktoba.

Maluwa

Mphesa Amur kuphulika akuyamba pachimake kumayambiriro kwa May ndi yaying'ono racemose inflorescences ali chikasu tinge. Zili zosaoneka, koma zimakhala zonunkhira bwino ndipo zimatulutsa timadzi tokoma.

Zipatso

Mphesa zambiri za Amur zimachitika chifukwa chotchuka kwambiri, ngakhale kuti ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ya kumpoto imakhala yowawa komanso yochepa, yoyenera kupanga compotes.

Zipatso zimakhala zozungulira ndi khungu lofiirira kapena lakuda lakuda pinki lomwe limatentha kwambiri dzuwa, pafupifupi theka la masentimita awiri ndikulemera mamita anayi. Zipatso za mphesazi zimadziwika ndi shuga wambiri (23%). Chiwerengerochi chimawoneka chapamwamba ngakhale kwa mitundu yambiri ya tebulo.

Kulemera kwa magulu kumadalira makamaka momwe zinthu zilili. Kulemera kwake kwa gulu ndi magalamu 400, koma olima vinyo amatha kukula kukula kwa kilogalamu. Chitsamba chimodzi chimachotsedwa 10 kg ya zipatso ndi zina. Zipatsozi ndi zosangalatsa zokonzedwa bwino ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera, zonse zatsopano komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza vinyo, kupanikizana, compotes ndi jams. Kuchokera ku mbewu, cholowa cha khofi chimapangidwa ndipo mafuta onunkhira amapangidwa.

Frost kukana

Popanda kukokomeza, tikhoza kunena kuti mphesa za Amur zowonongeka ndizopambana m'nyengo yozizira. Ndizodabwitsa, koma tchire wamkulu akhoza kuzirala popanda pogona ndikunyamula chisanu mpaka -40 ° C. Komabe, mipesa ikuluikulu imakhala bwino kubisala ku chisanu. Mphesa yamphesa iyenera kuchotsedwa m'nyengo yozizira kuchokera ku trellis kuti ikaphimbe chisanu.

Kutentha kotsika kwambiri kukhoza kupha gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mpesa, koma zomera zimabwezeretsedwa mwamsanga ndi bwino. Ndi makhalidwe awa omwe apanga mphesa za Amur zotchuka kwambiri. Mbeu sizikhala zovuta kugula ku Moscow. Kudera la Moscow, mungathe kuona mphesa izi mochuluka.

Zapadera za kukula

Mphesa yosasamala ndi yolimba ya kupititsa patsogolo kwa Amur kumafuna kusunga malamulo ophweka pobzala ndi kusiya. Mungathe kulikula motere:

• Mbewu;
• Kuyala;
• Cuttings.

Mbewu imakhala yotheka kwa zaka zisanu. Kumera kumakhala pafupifupi 60%. Komabe, pakadali pano pali chiwonongeko cha kutayika kwa makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Mphesa, yomwe imakula kuchokera ku mbewu, fruiting mochedwa, pafupifupi zaka zisanu kenako.

Mbewu imabzalidwa m'dzinja mozama masentimita imodzi ndi theka. Asanadzalemo, amathiridwa. M'chaka amatha kubzalidwa miphika ndikukula kunyumba mpaka atakula ndikukhala mbande.

Komabe, ambiri wamaluwa amakonda kubzala m'chilimwe mbande za mphesa Amur kupambana. Pansi pa dzenje lakuya, kuya kwa masentimita makumi asanu, limakhala ndi masentimita khumi, ndipo nthaka, feteleza ndi dothi la pamwamba lapansi zimathiridwa.

Kupititsa patsogolo kwa Amur kumapangitsa kuti nthaka isakhale yabwino. Malongosoledwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoperekedwa ndi AI Potapenko, komabe, ikugogomezera kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakula bwino ndikukula pamtunda wonyezimira, wothira bwino. Ngati malo anu ali alkaline, ndiye kuti akhoza kuwonjezeredwa powonjezera mtedza kapena peat. Zing'onozing'ono mutabzala mochulukira madzi.

Kuthirira

Izi zosiyanasiyana zimasowa chinyezi. Mu Primorye, kawirikawiri palibe kusowa kwake, komanso m'madera ouma, komwe lero mphesa izi zimalimidwa, zimafuna madzi okwanira nthawi yake. Kwa ulimi wothirira, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda kumalimbikitsa, makamaka pa fruiting nthawi. Mu youma kwambiri chilimwe mphesa Amur kupambana bwino madzi kawiri pa sabata mochuluka.

Kuchiritsa katundu

Tikukhulupirira kuti mwaphunzira zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa za mphesa za Amur (kubzala, kusiya). Mitundu ya machiritso ya zomera, nayenso, siingasiyidwe popanda chidwi. Mbewu za mphesa za Amur ndizopadera, mmodzi mwa opulumuka m'nyengo yamagulu. Iye adasinthira ku zinthu zovuta kwambiri. Mphesa izi zimapanga zinthu zopitirira zana limodzi makumi asanu zokhazokha.

Mavitamini ali ndi mavitamini ambiri a B ndi pectins, fiber ndi mafuta ofunika, hemicellulose ndi mapuloteni, folic ndi organic acid, sucrose ndi antioxidants. M'mamasamba ndi peels, mankhwala apadera, resveratrol, anapezeka. Icho chimatchedwa "chotsalira cha unyamata" chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yapadera yochepetsera ukalamba. Ndi antioxidant wamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe yatsimikizirika kuti ikugwira bwino ntchito za sayansi.

Kuchokera ku mphesa za Amur amapanga tincture mankhwala, omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda ambiri:

• Mtima ndi matenda;
• Matenda a shuga;
• Matenda a Benign;
• Imodzi;
• Chiwindi cha chiwindi;
• Chidziwitso;
• Angina pectoris;
• Matenda a atherosclerosis;
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Kuti akonze tincture ntchito petioles, zipatso kapena masamba a chomera. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zipatso, amafunika kukomoka ndikusiya keke yowuma - mchere sichifunika. Ndikofunika kutsanulira 500 ml ya vodika ndikuumirira kwa sabata m'malo ozizira ndi ofunika kwambiri. Tincture amadyedwa m'mawa, kuwonjezera supuni ya supuni kwa magalamu zana a tiyi.

Kuyambira masamba ndi petioles poyamba kupanga decoction. Ma gramu zana amathiridwa mu 500 ml ya madzi ndikubweretsa ku chithupsa. Mu msuzi wotentha mumayenera kuwonjezera 100 ml ya vodika ndi zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zizizizira. Chogulitsidwacho ndi chokonzeka kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mwamsanga pamene icho chikuphulika. Mlingowo ndi wofanana ndi woyamba. Anthu odwala, tincture iyi ili yoyenera ngati wothandizira. Zidzatha kukumbukira, kupereka mphamvu, kusintha mkhalidwe wa tsitsi ndi khungu.

Mphesa Amur kupambana: ndemanga za wamaluwa

Zomerazi zikhoza kukula osati m'madera akummwera okha, komanso pakati pa lamba. Ngakhale alimi ena akumwa kuchokera ku madera akudziwa kuti imachotsa mizu yovuta kwambiri, koma tchire lamphamvu funsani olemera akukolola zipatso zothandiza ndi zokoma.

Ndemanga zotsutsa zinkalandira mtundu uwu wotsutsa matenda. M'mabuku ambiri ofotokozera, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatchedwa yosagonjetsedwa, koma olima mpesa a pakati pa gulu lolemba kuti nthawi zambiri zomera zimakhudzidwa ndi mildew. Ambiri amakhulupilira kuti kupambana kwa Amur kumasonyeza makhalidwe ake ku Primorye, komwe nyengo imasinthidwa: palibe mvula yozizira yomwe imakhala yamtundu wapakati.

Kwa ubwino wosatsutsika wa zosiyanasiyana, wamaluwa amalinso:

• Zambirimbiri fruiting;
• Zambiri zamapulasitiki;
• Kutentha kwa chisanu;
• Mphamvu ya mpesa kupirira miyendo yambiri;
• Zomera zakuda;
• Zabwino zokometsera zokoma za zipatso;
• Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri omwe tinalandira kuchokera kwa makolo.