Anthu Campo makhalidwe, Zochita zikuluzikulu ndi moyo

Panopa m'dzikoli pali mitundu yambiri yaing'ono imene ili pa siteji wosazindikira chitukuko, ndi alimi ang'onoang'ono ndi alibe chikhumbo kusintha chirichonse mu moyo wanga. Mmodzi wa iwo - anthu Campa, amene khalidwe - chitsanzo chapadera cha moyo mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe.

ndi Kampa ndi amene

Kampa ankaona anthu ochuluka kuposa mwa amwenye of America South. chiwerengero chawo Akuti mosiyanasiyana - mwina anthu 50 kapena 70 chikwi. Ambiri amakhala ku Peru pa magombe a mtsinje Tambo, Ucayali, Perene ndi Apurimac. A gawo laling'ono la fuko amakhala ku Brazil pa tributary lamanja la Amazon - Mtsinje juruá mtsinje.

Ntchito "Perekani anthu Kampa" Mbali zingachititse mavuto, monga dzina "Kampa" tsopano kawirikawiri. Amaona lotha ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale mumanyozera. Nthawi zambiri, poyerekezera ndi fuko limeneli amagwiritsa ethnonym yake - Ashaninka.

Popeza nthawi makedzana, ndi Ashaninka moyo zikusowa wa Amazon. Iwo anakumana ndi Ainka, anakumana ndi colonizers Spanish m'zaka XVII, ndi French amishonale a Chikatolika mu XIX, ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'zaka za m'ma XX. Koma mpaka pano, Amwenye kupitiriza moyo chimodzimodzi monga ankachitira makolo awo mazana zapitazo. Kampa anthu chisanu pa chitukuko.

zofunika

Monga anthu onse chachikale chinkawavuta, mu moyo wa Ashaninka ndi zofunika kusonkhana, nsomba ndi nyama, yotsirizira Komabe - kani Chinanso chakudya kuposa waukulu. Ngakhale uta ndi alenje mkondo anakwanitsa kwakukuru.

Ntchito yaikulu ya mtundu womwewo, ngati zaka zambiri zapitazo, ndi slash ndiponso kutentha ulimi. Chinangwa, wokoma mbatata, tsabola, maungu, nthochi - ndi mbewu zazikulu zimene anthu kukula Campo. Mapangidwe a zochita zake chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchula lokhudza zosiyanasiyana.

Ashaninka zikugwira kupanga mbiya, nsalu coarse ndi ulusi matabwa kapena thonje zakutchire ndi zipangizo wosazindikira, ndiye zonse muyenera mu chuma. Izi kwambiri anthu kudzidalira ndi yosadalira pa ubwino wa chitukuko.

Kulima koka chitsamba

Koma ngati ankakhala ku Peru anafunsa kuti: "Fotokozani Kampa anthu", zikuoneka kuti mukukumbukira izo siziri, ndi chizolowezi kutafuna masamba koka. Ndithudi, Apurimac Mtsinje chigwa, kunyumba kwa Kampa, anazindikira monga woyamba m'dziko kulima koka. Koma Amwenye Kodi sangafanane adayilimira, ndi kukolola masamba a zomera zakutchire ndi Zionetsero za m'minda, zimene zabweretsa akatangale. Anyakugulisa koka, kudula nkhalango, ndipo nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti aliyense nkhondo zina weniweni, ndi ngozi yaikulu kwa anthu a Campo.

njira ya moyo

Ashaninka m'madera okhala m'midzi. Kawirikawiri, angapo kumanga kanyumba chonse, ndi bachelors moyo payokha. madera imayendetsedwa ndi akulu, ndi asing'anga nacho, koma iwo ali, ngakhale ulemu, ntchito kwambiri mu utsogoleri simumasewera.

Anthu Kampa - theka-woyendayendawu fuko. Slash chikhalidwe cha ulimi imawachititsa nthawi kusamuka, kupereka mpumulo m'dziko, ndi mitengo - kuchira mwachibadwa.

Izi si fuko ankhondowo, koma Ashaninka ali okonzeka kuteteza dziko lawo ndi moyo. Ndipo kawirikawiri iwo kulimbana ndi mafuko zakutchire, zimene anthu am'deralo kuitana "Bravos". Izi otchedwa mafuko osakhala kukhudzana zina oponderezedwa kwambiri anthu Campo. Kodi mbuli, si yeniyeni zikudziwika, koma amanena kuti Kasupe wa mokwiya akhoza zokhudzana ndi kudula mitengo ikuluikulu. Akulu Ashaninka ngakhale anapempha boma la Brazil thandizo.

Mofanana mabvuto anthu ameneŵa ya Amazon kulenga mankhwala bongo, komanso ntchito asilikali pa nkhondo mkati mwa Peru mu 1980-2000, motero.

zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo

Chipembedzo fuko lino, deta boma ndi Katolika. Koma kwenikweni, miyambo zikhulupiriro akale kupitiriza zatenga kwambiri pa malingaliro a anthu, ndi asing'anga kuchita miyambo awo, pamene iwo anali zaka zapitazo. Amene chabe sapembedza anthu Campo. Khalidwe la zikhulupiriro zake ndi zikuphatikizapo wosazindikira animism ndi kupembedza mizimu ya zomera ndi mfundo za Akhristu, ndipo ngakhale makombo a zikhulupiriro achipembedzo Ainka wakale.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu kulambira anthu Kampa - mpesa Una de A Gato - "claw mphaka ndi". Chimakhudza tridtsatimetrovoy m'litali ndi moyo kwa zaka zambiri. Amwenye akhala ntchito katundu kuchiritsa wa kutumphuka makamaka mizu ya zomera. Pali nkhani zambiri zokhudza ntchito ya akupanga ku mizu ya mpesa ngati wothandizira anticancer. A Ashaninka ndikukhulupirira kuti mpesa izi, ngati mayi, kuteteza ana ake - Amwenye.

Kampa mu dziko lamakono

Ngakhale kuti fuko akupitiriza moyo kwakukulukulu chikhalidwe, zilibe musayandikire mitundu zambiri kutukuka. Ndi 20 ntchentche za m'ma kunabwera pa mafuko Amazon ntchito ogwira ntchito yolipidwa m'misasa matabwa, mu minda ng'ombe m'chigawo cha labala, ndi zina zotero. D. No mwapadera anthu a Campo. Makhalidwe amene amalola mabwana antchito a fuko Ashaninka, zambiri zabwino: ali olimbika pa ntchito, alibe mantha ndi mavuto, odziwa bwino za m'nkhalango ndi kuwadziwa bwino zomera, zomwe ndi zothandiza kwambiri m'minda ulimi.

Ndi mapeto a XX m'ma Kampa kutenga nawo mbali pa zandale, makamaka kuteteza lingaliro mothandiza Amazon nkhalango kudula mitengo. Mafuko zikuchokera Amazon Alliance anapanga okhala Andes m'tsinde zikuphatikizapo Ashaninka Indian ammudzi. Pali anthu Kampa, kapena kani, nthumwi zake ndi kuyanjana mitundu, amene amagwira ntchito kuteteza malo achilengedwe a Amwenye a Amazon.