Morpheme - ndi chiyani ichi? Morpheme - Zitsanzo

Ndithudi wophunzira aliyense anakumana ndi tanthauzo limeneli, monga morpheme a. Mfundo imeneyi ndi yogwirizana kwambiri zokhudzana ndi kapangidwe mawu ndi chidziwitso amathandiza kukwaniritsa kusanthula morphemic. Tiyeni tikambirane za icho chiri. Ife adzamvetsa ndiponso yakuti oterowo kusanthula morphemic.

Kodi morpheme?

Morpheme - ndi mbali yofunika ya mawu. Nthawi yoyamba akuti anayamba ndi wasayansi wotchuka Baduenom de A Courtenay akadali cha m'ma XIX ndi ntchito zilankhulo mpaka tsopano.

mawu onse wapangidwa morphemes. Iwo - nyumba zingatipunthwitse amene amapanga mawu. Aliyense chigawo wakhala ali kufunika ndi udindo. Mitundu zotsatirazi morphemes: kuvomerezedwa ndi okhulupirika. Onetsetsani kuti nthaŵi zonse pamakhala mawu ndipo amatchedwa muzu. Sankhula angathe kukhala mbali ya chizindikiro, ndipo asalowemo. morphemes awa otchedwa affixes. Tiyeni tione mtundu payokha.

morpheme Amafuna

Monga tanenera kale, kuvomerezedwa morpheme mu Chirasha chimodzi chokha, ndipo akutchedwa mizu. Palibe mawu kuti wakhala wopanda morpheme izi. Mawu opanda mizu (kupatulapo - ena mbali wothandiza wa kulankhula) ndi kwina chinenero cha Chirasha.

Ndi zikuluzikulu, monga lili waukulu lexical tanthauzo. Mwachitsanzo, matabwa chizindikiro, nkhalango, nkhalango yophatikiza muzu umodzi - nkhuni. mawu onsewa ndi phindu ofanana kugwirizana ndi nkhalango. Chinthu chokha - kusiyana awo mu mithunzi. Motero, nkhalango - danga yokutidwa ndi mitengo; Forest - zokhudzana ndi nkhalango; nkhalango - munthu amene womulondera.

Mawu pawiri mizu angapo Mwachitsanzo, mu mawu svetloliky mizu awiri - kuwala ndi nkhope. Musaiwale za parsing mawu. Kwenikweni, mawu ovuta mizu awiri, zina, zingachitike ndi akonzedwa lalikulu la mawu.

optional morpheme

Sankhula morpheme Russian chinenero - affixes. Ena mwa iwo ndi izi:

• manambala oyambirira kapena prefixes;
• ndi suffix kapena suffixes;
• flexion kapena kutsekedwa;
• interfiksy.

Iwo akhoza kukhala pano mu mawu kapena ayi. Komanso, aliyense latsopano optional morpheme aipatsa tanthauzo latsopano.

Woyamba mitundu iwiri ya morphemes kusonyeza lexical ndi kalembedwe tanthauzo. Flexion ali yekha kalembedwe mawu. Ngakhale ziro, ndiko kuti, wopanda mawu phokoso, mapeto ikusonyeza zimene kalembedwe tanthauzo ndi chizindikiro.

Manambala oyambirira ndi postfix

Tiyeni kuyamba anthu morpheme, omwe akutipatsa latsopano lexical ndi kalembedwe zina zabwino.

Prefixes nthawi ili pa chiyambi cha mawu ndi kusintha kufunika kwake. Chinenero cha Chirasha, pali pafupifupi 70 prefixes. Ambiri a iwo anapanga ndi prepositions. Kusukulu, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mabokosi kupatula pamwamba. Aliyense kutonthoza n'kopindulitsa yake ndi chimasintha nuance wa kulankhula. Mwachitsanzo, kupita - kupita kwinakwake; kuyendetsa - kuyandikira chinachake.

Kumasintha tanthauzo lexical mawu, koma mbali ya kulankhula imene adzaupereka, akhala sichinasinthe.

Postfix nthawi inali pakati pa muzu ndi Kukweza mawu (ngati izo ziri mu mawu). Sangokhala kupanga phindu latsopano, komanso kupanga gawo latsopano wa kulankhula. Choncho, ndi suffix -n- ku nauni imene adjective nkhalango nkhalango anakondwera.

Ena suffixes kupanga wokhala latsopano. Choncho, pali diminutive suffixes, monga: -ushk-, -chik-, -ochk- ndi ena. Ndi zizindikiro izi anapanga ndi phindu latsopano kulocha. Mwachitsanzo: khutu - khutu, chala - chala, dengu - mtanga.

mawu angakhale prefixes ochepa ndi suffixes. Izi zidalira pa kapangidwe ka chizindikiro ndi phindu lake. Choncho, kupanga kusanthula mawu morphemes, muyenera kupereka ulemu wapadera kwa izi.

Interfiksy

morphemes izi kutumikira yolumikizana mizu angapo mu mawu pawiri. Mwachitsanzo, mawu idler tichipeza mawu awiri - pamphumi ndi kunjenjemera. Iwo umanena interfiksom -o-. Interfiksy si nthawi zonse ankaphunzitsa ku sukulu, ndipo kawirikawiri iwo amatchedwa okha sekondale, ndiyeno mwachidule.

la mawu

Kuphunzira kuti morpheme - mbali yaikulu ya chizindikiro, tiyenera kukumbukira yofunika kwambiri gawo - m'Baibulo. Ili ndi gawo zosasintha mawu, kuti ali gawo la izo wopanda mathero. M'munsi lili zofunika lexical tanthauzo ndi mwina zigwirizana muzu mmodzi kapena muzu ndi mwamatapo (affixes). M'munsi mneni akhoza udzasokonezedwa ndi mapeto, ngati pali postfix-Xia kapena -s. Mwachitsanzo, mu mawu anagula chimango adzakhala udzasokonezedwa ndi mapeto ngati ugule ndi msasa.

flexion

morphemes awa ntchito kufotokoza tanthauzo kalembedwe. Maphunziro iwo amatchedwa mathero. Mothandizidwa awo kumatanthauza tanthauzo kalembedwe. Manauni ndi jenda, chiwerengero ndi mlandu. Flexion alipo m'madera onse a mawu, koma wosasintha, monga adverbs, zolumikizira, chochitira. M'madera izi wa kulankhula iwo musaime kunja. M'madera ena onse a mawu, pakalibe mapeto a amatengedwa ngati ziro.

Mwachitsanzo, mawu adzakhala ziro matabwa yotsiriza, matabwa mapeto mawu adzakhala mwachindunji. Pankhaniyi, kutha kwa mawu adzasonyeza kuti nauni umenewu akunena zambiri ndipo mu nkhani nominative.

Morphemic kusanthula mawu

Kotero, ife tinapeza kuti morpheme - ndi mbali yofunika ya chizindikiro cha. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za parsing morphemic. Pofuna kuti bwino ndi kusanthula morphemic, muyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa.

1. Choyamba, ife kusanthula chizindikiro akatulutsidwa maganizo kapena lemba mu mawonekedwe yomwe ali kumeneko.

2. Sankhani gawo la kulankhula ndi kaya zimasiyanasiyana. Ngati inde, kupita 3, ngati si - kuti afike 4.

3. Pezani kutha. Kuti uta ichi pa tchuthi kapena case, chiwerengero. Mbali variable adzatha.

4. Sankhani m'munsi. Maziko - ziri zonse mawu wopanda mathero.

5. Pezani mizu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kusankha cognates m'madera osiyanasiyana a mawu.

6. Sankhani bokosi kupatula pamwamba, womwenso kutsogolo kwa muzu.

7. Sankhani suffixes. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kusankha mawu ndi suffixes ofanana, koma mizu osiyana. Dziŵani kuti mawu ena akhoza kukhala prefixes angapo ndipo suffixes. Mwachitsanzo, mawu zosautsa ali ZOWONJEZERA awiri: chisanadze ayi zabwino. Ndipo mawu wolota atatu suffix: Dream-a-Tel maths.

Ndicho kusanthula lonse la zikuchokera.

CHITSANZO morphemic kusanthula

Tiyeni tione mawu amodzi, kotero inu mukhoza kuona mfundo ya kusanthula morphemic ndi kuloweza ndondomeko ya zochita. Tengani muyeso ndi pempholo: "Sindinaonepo munthu wakale."

1. Kodi olembedwa mawu "akale."

2. anakana nkhalamba, munthu wakale - kusintha ndi chachikazi.

3. anakana kachiwiri: munthu wakale, munthu wakale, amuna okalamba, mapeto a mawu nkhalamba - pamenepa.

4. kutaya mapeto. Base - nkhalamba.

5. Nyamula mphatso muzu yemweyo: ukalamba, zaka - mizu akale.

6. Ife tiribe kanthu kalikonse pamaso muzu, ndiye ndi manambala oyambirira mawu palibe.

7. Nyamula mawu ndi suffix -ik-, ngati aliyense. Man, mphuno - suffix - UK.

Monga mukuonera, palibe zovuta mu kusanthula mawu palibe. Chinthu chachikulu kuti mosamalitsa kutsatira aligorivimu, kotero kuti asataye ndi chirichonse kwa mukazindikira ndi kumvetsetsa zomwe morpheme. Zitsanzo za morphemes osiyana komanso ayenera kusankha molondola.

Ngati mukukayika kulondola kwa kuwunika, inu nthawi zonse kupeza morphemic dikishonale ya chinenero cha Chirasha ndi kuwaona ku morpheme iliyonse ndi mawu makamaka mmene aumbike. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mtanthauzira pansi pa editorship Potihi Z. A. kapena Tihonova A. N.

Choncho, tinaphunzira kuti morpheme - ndi mbali yofunika ya mawu, ndatsimikizanso mtima kodi morpheme ndipo anayankhula za aliyense wa iwo. Anapezanso momwe ndingachitire kusanthula morphemic mawu ndipo anawona chitsanzo cha kusanthula izi. Kukumbutsidwa otanthauzira amene angakuthandizeni kutsimikizira kuti mawu parsing. Tikukhulupirira, m'nkhani anali zothandiza inu.