Mfundo ntchito galimoto ndi. Mfundo ntchito kwa AC galimoto. Physics, kalasi 9

Today kulingalira chitukuko anthu ndi anthu zina zamakono N'zosatheka magetsi. Mmodzi zipangizo omwe kuthandiza ntchito za magetsi magetsi, ndi injini. makina wapeza kwambiri ambiri kuchokera ku makampani (mafani crushers, compressors) kuti ntchito zapakhomo (kutsuka makina, akufa pochita, etc.). Koma kodi mfundo za machitidwe a galimoto ya?

kusankhidwa

Mfundo ntchito kwa galimoto magetsi ndi zolinga zake zazikulu ndi kusamutsa matupi ntchito koyenera kuti kukwaniritsidwa kwa njira zamakono mphamvu mawotchi. The injini yokha umabala izo likuvutika magetsi ankadya kwa gululi pa. Wachibadidwe kulankhula, mfundo ya ntchito kwa galimoto magetsi ndi kutembenuza mphamvu ngati zamagetsi ku mphamvu mawotchi. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu mawotchi kwaiye iwo pa unit wa nthaŵi mphamvu.

mitundu ya Motors

Malinga makhalidwe chakudya cha maukonde mitundu iwiri yaikulu ya galimoto tingaone: DC ndi Mac. Ambiri makina DC ndi Motors ndi mokhazikika, palokha, kuphatikizapo malemeredwe. Zitsanzo za Motors pa AC ingagwire makina synchronous ndi asynchronous. Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana akuoneka, zida ndi mfundo za machitidwe a injini ya kopita aliyense zochokera mogwirizana ndi wochititsa panopa ndi maginito, kapena okhazikika maginito (ferromagnetic chinthu) ndi munda maginito.

Chimango ndi apano - mota preimage

Mfundo yaikulu mu nkhaniyi, monga mfundo za machitidwe a galimoto, akhoza kutchedwa zikamera wa makokedwe. Taganizirani ngati chodabwitsa angakhale chitsanzo cha chimango ndi panopa, zomwe imakhala ochititsa awiri ndi maginito. Current umagwiritsidwa ntchito wochititsa mumphete Pepala amene kupenyetsetsa onsewo chimango olamulira. Malinga ndi ulamuliro wotchuka wa dzanja lamanzere pa chimango ndi adzachichita mphamvu kulenga makokedwe wachibale olamulira a. Iye ali mchikakamizo cha mphamvu okwana adzakhala atembenuza m'njira counterclockwise. Amadziwika kuti makokedwe mwachindunji njila kwa kupatsidwa ulemu maginito (B), panopa mwamphamvu (I), chimango lalikulu (S) ndipo amadalira pa ngodya pakati pa mizere m'munda ndi olamulira lomaliza. Komabe, mchikakamizo cha nthawi, kusintha malangizo ake, chimango adzakhala oscillate. Kodi kutenga mapangidwe malangizo zonse? Pali yachiwiriyo:

• kusintha malangizo a magetsi mu chimango ndi malo a ochititsa wachibale mizati maginito;
• kusintha malangizo a kuthengo, ngakhale kuti chimango ndi imazungulira motsogozedwa anapitiriza.

A chimake choyamba ntchito Motors DC. Ndipo lachiwiri - ndi mfundo za ntchito ya AC galimoto.

Kusintha malangizo a wachibale panopa kwa maginito

Kuti kusintha malangizo a zoyenda wa particles mlandu wochititsa ndi chimango panopa, chipangizo chimene wapatsa mu malangizo malingana ndi dongosolo la akuwauza. kamangidwe akuyendera pogwiritsa ntchito kulankhula kutsetsereka, amene ntchito kupereka panopa kwa chimango lapansi. Pamene m'malo mmodzi wa awiriwo mphete pamene chimango ndi zimayenda kukhota theka, malangizo masiku ano adzagonjetsa ndi masitolo makokedwe izo. Nkofunika polingalira mphete munthu anasonkhana ku amachepetsa awiri amene amalimata Chrixitu.

Kamangidwe ka makina DC

Pamwamba chitsanzo - ndi mfundo za ntchito ya DC galimoto. The makina weniweni, mwachibadwa ali ndi dongosolo zovuta zomwe amagwiritsa makumi mafelemu amapanga armature kumulowetsa. The ochititsa wa kumulowetsa anayikidwa mu grooves wapadera mu cylindrical ferromagnetic pachimake. Malekezero a windings wa olumikiza mphete lakutali kuti apange zobwezedwa. Kumulowetsa, wokhometsa ndi pachimake - ndi nangula onsewo mu mayendedwe pa nyumba ya injini. The maginito malemeredwe ndi kwaiye ndi mizati ya maginito ndi okhazikika, yomwe imakonzedwa mu nyumba ya. The kumulowetsa chikugwirizana ndi mains, ndipo zikuphatikizapo onse paokha ku unyolo nangula ndi sequentially. Mbali yoyamba, galimoto adzakhala ndi malemeredwe osiyana, lachiwiri - mokhazikika. Palinso kamangidwe ka malemeredwe wosanganiza ntchito mitundu iwiri chabe kumulowetsa kugwirizana.

makina synchronous

Mfundo ntchito kwa galimoto synchronous ndi kufunika kulenga onsewo maginito. Ndiye muyenera kuika mu bokosi streamlined zikutsatiridwa motsogozedwa ndi ochititsa panopa. Mfundo ntchito kwa galimoto synchronous, amene anali ponseponse kwambiri makampani, potengera chitsanzo pamwamba, ndi chimango ndi panopa. Munda onsewo amapangidwa ndi maginito aumbike mwa kumulowetsa kachitidwe kuti olumikiza mains lapansi. Kawirikawiri ntchito atatu gawo windings, koma mfundo za ntchito ya limodzi-gawo galimoto AC sadzakhala osiyana ndi atatu gawo, koma kuti chiwerengero cha magawo iwo wokha, ndi kanthu kuganizira kapangidwe ndi. windings The anayikidwa mu mipata stator ndi kosangalatsa ena circumferentially. Izi zachitika kulenga onsewo maginito aumbike mwa kusiyana mpweya.

synchronism

A mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi ntchito maloboti ya magetsi galimoto ya zomangamanga pamwambapa. Mu ntchito mogwirizana kwa munda maginito ndi ziliri pa ozungulira ya kumulowetsa aumbike yokha galimoto kasinthasintha ndondomeko yomwe ndi synchronous ponena za kasinthasintha wa maginito popangidwa ndi stator lapansi. Synchronism adzakhala anakhalabe ku makokedwe pazipita, amene amayamba ndi kukana. Pamene katundu kumawonjezera makinawa angathe kutuluka kulunzanitsa.

mota kupatsidwa ulemu

The opaleshoni mfundo kupatsidwa ulemu magetsi ndi pamaso pa onsewo maginito ndi mafelemu chatsekedwa (madera) pa ozungulira - sangathenso gawo. A maginito aumbike mwa mofanana wa synchronous galimoto za - kugwiritsa ntchito mipata ili mu windings stator olumikiza misewu alternating voteji. ozungulira windings ndi lopangidwa khumi zingwe zopota ndi chimango ndi zambiri mitundu iwiri ya ntchito: gawo ndi yochepa circuited. Mfundo ntchito ya AC galimoto awiri onsewa ali yemweyo, kokha kamangidwe ka kusintha. Pankhani ya gologolo-khola ozungulira (amatchedwanso "gologolo khola") kumulowetsa osungunula zotayidwa anazitsanulira mwa grooves lapansi. Mu gawo yopanga kumulowetsa malekezero a gawo lirilonse outputted kunja kudzera mphete kutsetsereka-kukhudzana, monga izi zidzathandiza resistors zina mu dera lomwe ndi koyenera kulamulira liwiro engine.

kukoka makina

Mfundo ntchito kwa samatha galimoto akufanana ndi galimoto ndi panopa mwachindunji. Kuyambira panopa umaperekedwa kwa mains sitepe-mmwamba thiransifoma. Kenako, atatu gawo alternating masiku ano umasamutsidwa ku substations wapadera samatha. Pali rectifier. Iwo otembenuka AC kwa DC. Mu chiwembu inatenga ake polarity wina kwa trolley waya, winayo - mwachindunji njanji lapansi. Kumbukirani kuti ambiri samatha zimagwirira ntchito pa pafupipafupi ndi wosiyana anakhazikitsa mafakitale (50 Hz). Choncho, ntchito chastotnik kwa galimoto, ndi mfundo opaleshoni amene ndi kutembenuza pafupipafupi ndi kulamulira khalidwe ili.

Ndi pantograph anakweza voteji umaperekedwa kwa chipinda kumene resistors kuyambira ndi contactors. Ndi rheostats opha olumikiza Motors ndi samatha, amene anakonza pa bogies axles. Kwa iwo, panopa umayenda mwa matayala pa njanji ndipo kenako anabwerera samatha substation, motero kutseka dera magetsi.