Wambiri Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha. Mabuku cholowa cha wolemba

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich sakusowekera oyamba. Izi wolemba kwambiri ndipo Wolemba wina wodziwika kwa dziko lonse. Wambiri Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha m'nkhani ino.

wolemba Origin

Bulgakov M. A. anabadwa May 3, 1891 ku Kiev. Makolo ake anali anzeru. mayi ake ankagwira ntchito Karachai mphunzitsi progymnasium. Bambo anga anali mphunzitsi (chithunzi cha zapatsidwa pamwambazi). Nditamaliza maphunziro ku Kiev Theological Academy, anagwira izo, komanso mabungwe ena maphunziro. Mu 1893 Athanasius Bulgakov anakhala Kiev dera m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu. udindo wake m'gulu kufufuza ntchito olembedwa mu zilankhulo. Mu banja, koma Michael anali ndi ana asanu.

nthawi ya maphunziro, ntchito mu zipatala munda

Kuyenera tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane za wolemba monga Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich, mbiri. Zamkatimu masiku nawo wake, osati kuthandiza anthu omwe anakhala uko kupeza chiyambi cha ntchito yake ndi kumvetsa peculiarities wa dziko mumtima mwake. Chotero ife amati inu kuwerenga nkhani yonena mwatsatanetsatane.

Wolemba tsogolo anaphunzitsidwa Alexander Choyamba zolimbitsa thupi. mlingo wa maphunziro ku sukulu imeneyi anali amphamvu kwambiri. Mu 1909, Mr Mikhail analowa University Kiev, pambuyo umene ukuyenera kukhala dokotala. Mu 1914 nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse.

Nditamaliza maphunziro ku University mu 1916, Bulgakov ntchito mu zipatala munda (mu Kamenetz-Podolsk, ndipo patapita kanthawi - Cherepovets). Iye anakumbukira kuchokera kutsogolo mu September 1916 Bulgakov anali mtsogoleri wa Nikolskaya kuchipatala kumidzi ili mu chigawo cha Smolensk. Patapita chaka, mu 1917, Bulgakov Anam'samutsira Vyazma. Monga unakhazikitsidwa mu 1926, "Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala" anasonyeza imeneyi moyo wake. The protagonist ntchito ndi dokotala wodziwa, usilikali ntchito. Mu zochitika zopanda chiyembekezo wolapadi odwala. The ngwazi ndi wokwiya kwambiri ndi vuto la ndalama wamba osaphunzira akukhala m'midzi ya Smolensk. Koma iye amadziwa kuti sangathe kusintha chilichonse.

Kusintha tsogolo la Bulgakov

Mwachizolowezi moyo Bulgakov anaswa February zisinthe. Bulgakov kuzimwera maganizo ake m'manda ake 1923 nkhani "Kyiv-City". Iye ananena kuti "mwadzidzidzi ndi tsoka" ulimi "anabwera nkhaniyo."

Kumapeto kwa October kuukira boma Bulgakov anamasulidwa usilikali. Iye anabwerera ku Kiev lakwawo, lomwe, mwatsoka, posakhalitsa kulamulidwa ndi Germany. Apa Mr Mikhail analumphira mu maelstrom wa Civil nkhondo. Bulgakov anali dokotala wabwino kwambiri, chifukwa ntchito yake anafunika mbali zonse. Young dokotala nthawi iliyonse wokhulupirika kwa zolinga za umunthu. Pang'onopang'ono kukula chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa mu moyo wake. Iye sakanakhoza kubwera kwa mawu ndi nkhanza za zoyera ndi Petliura. Zotsatira amenewa anali zimaonekera buku Bulgakov a "The White Alonda" komanso nkhani yake, "Night pa nambala yachitatu," "kuukira" ndi masewero "Flight" ndi "Masiku a turbines."

Bulgakov moona ikuchitika udindo dokotala. Mu nthawi ya utumiki, iye ankayenera kuti akhale umboni unwitting kuti milandu amene anachita kumapeto kwa 1919 mu Vladikavkaz. Bulgakov sanafune kuti zinthu zambiri nkhondo. Iye anachoka m'gulu la asilikali a Denikin kumayambiriro 1920

Nkhani yoyamba ndi nkhani

Kenaka ndinaganiza salinso mchitidwe mankhwala Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov. Mwachidule yonena chikudziwikabe ntchito monga mtolankhani wina. Iye anayamba kulemba nkhani zimene zinasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala m'deralo. nkhani yake yoyamba Bulgakov anamaliza mu chaka cha 1919 kuti dzinja analenga nkhani zingapo satirical, nambala ya nkhani. Mu mmodzi wa iwo, "msonkho kwa kusirira," Bulgakov limafotokoza nkhani ya kusiyana msewu umene unachitika ku Kiev pa ulimi ndi Civil nkhondo.

Masewero analengedwa Vladikavkaz

Atatsala pang'ono woyera kumanzere Vladikavkaz, relapsing malungo kudwala Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov. Mwachidule yonena za nthawi ino makamaka kwambiri. M'chaka cha 1920 iye anachira. Komabe, asilikali Red Army kulowa mumzinda, ndipo Bulgakov sanathe amasamuka, womwe uli ngati kwambiri. Kunali koyenera mwanjira kumanga kugona ndi boma latsopano. Kenako anayamba kugwirizana ndi komiti chosintha, mu Sub-Division wa Tirhana. Bulgakov analenga zidutswa za Ingush ndi troupes Ossetian. ntchito zimenezi malingaliro ake pa zinthu zisinthe. mukubwadamuka Izi sunakhalitse, analembedwa makamaka kupulumuka mu mavuto ambiri. Mu buku Bulgakov a "Buku pa cuffs" anasonyeza zidindo wake wa Vladikavkaz.

Kusamukira ku Moscow, ntchito watsopano

Mu Tiflis, kenako mu mzinda wa Batumi akhoza amasamuka Mikhail Bulgakov. yonena ake, anatenga njira zosiyanasiyana. Bulgakov ankadziwa kuti malo a wolemba mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa dziko - pafupi anthu. Wambiri Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha mu 1921 chinali kusuntha kwa Moscow. Nkhani wake m'chaka cha 1922 nthawi zonse lofalitsidwa pa masamba a magazini ndi nyuzipepala ya mzinda. The essays ndi satirical kapepala anasonyeza zizindikiro zazikulu za zaka moyo pambuyo chosintha. The chinthu chachikulu cha Zotengera Bulgakov anali "mukhale chopondapo wa NEP" (m'mawu ena, watsopano kulemera nepmen). Apa m'pofunika kuona ngati buku Bulgakov monga "Cup of Life" ndi "Trillioner". Komanso anali ndi chidwi mamembala a anthu ndi mlingo wochepa wa chikhalidwe. Bazaar amalonda, okhala mumzinda limodzi la Moscow, ogwira ndi akuluakulu ena, Mr Mikhail ndipo anaona chinthu chatsopano mu dziko. Choncho, nkhani wina, pofotokoza khalidwe la mumaganiza latsopano mu nkhope ya sukulu mnyamata amene amapita ndi mtundu knapsack watsopano pa msewu.

Nkhani "The Dzitetezeni Mazira" ndi mbali ya zinthu 1920

nkhani yakuti "Dzitetezeni Mazira" Bulgakov linasindikizidwa mu 1924. Pamafunika malo mu mapangidwe posachedwa m'tsogolo - mu 1928. Pa nthawi imeneyi zotsatira za NEP anali kale zikuoneka. Makamaka, kakhalidwe ka moyo chawonjezeka kwambiri (mu buku, amene analengedwa ndi Mikhail Bulgakov). Wambiri ya wolemba si kuganiza womdziwa zambiri ndi ntchito yake, koma chiwembu ntchito ya "The Mazira Dzitetezeni" Komabe retell mu Mwachidule. Professor mapichesi anapanga anapeza zofunika angapeze phindu lalikulu kwa anthu onse. Komabe, mu manja a wodzikweza, anthu theka kulemba ndi kuwerenga, oimira bureaucracy latsopano anatukuka pansi nkhondo chikominisi, ndi mu zaka za NEP kulimbitsa malo ake, ndi anapeza tsoka ndi. Pafupifupi anthu otchulidwa nkhani zonse Bulgakov, analengedwa mu 1920, timalephera. Mu ntchito zake, wolemba amafuna kuuza owerenga mfundo yakuti anthu ndi sali okonzeka kutsatira njira yatsopano ya maubwenzi amene zochokera kulemekeza nzeru ndi chikhalidwe, cha khama.

"Galimoto" ndi "Masiku a turbines"

Mu Bulgakov a masewero "Flight" ndi "Masiku a turbines" (1925-28 gg.) Bulgakov anasonyeza kuti ophunzira osagwirizana akuluakulu onse, amene anapambana lililonse, amaimbirana Civil nkhondo. Ngwazi za ntchito zimenezi zikusonyeza oimira otchedwa "luntha latsopano". Choyamba, mwina kusamala za kuukira boma kapena n'kuuthira nkhondo. MA Bulgakov yekha amatanthauza wosanjikiza latsopanoli. Iye adanena izi ndi nthabwala ku mbali Nkhani lotchedwa "Capital mu kope a." Mu izo, anaona kuti ndi anzeru latsopano, "chitsulo". Iwo amatha, ndi kuwaza nkhuni, mipando ndi kutumiza, ndi kuchita ndi X-ray. Bulgakov ananena kuti amakhulupirira kuti adzapulumuke, sadzakhala kutha.

Cholimbana Bulgakov, Stalin Up

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich (mbiri ndi ntchito yake kutsimikiza izi) nthawi anayankha lotero kusintha anthu Soviet. Iye anali kwambiri wakhumudwa chifukwa chifukwa cha kupambana kwa chilungamo sankakhulupirira kulungamitsidwa kwa njira zina. Koma Bulgakov ndimakhulupirira mwa munthu. Naye nkhawa ndi adakayika otchulidwa wake. Mtsutso amaona bwino. Cholimbana Bulgakov itakula mu 1929. onse a masewero ake itachotsedwa repertoire a bwalo lamasewera. Kamodzi ndi vuto, Mr Mikhail anakakamizika kulemba kalata ku boma ndi pempho kuti apite kunja. Kenako, yonena Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha zinali zodzaza ndi chochitika chofunika. Mu 1930, Bulgakov anali kupereka kuitana kwa Stalin yekha. The chifukwa cha nkhaniyi inali yoika Mikhail Marynich ku malo wotsogolera-wothandizira ku Moscow Art Theatre. Kachiwiri anaonekera pa chuma la zamasewero ku masewero ake. Patapita nthawi, analenga staging staging a "Miyoyo Akufa" zinali zodzaza ndi wolemba monga Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich, mbiri. moyo wake mwakuwoneka chikusintha. Komabe, onse sanali mophweka ...

Bulgakov - wolemba ngoletsedwa

Ngakhale kunja zothandizira mipingo yawo ya Stalin womkanikizawo Soviet pambuyo 1927 panalibe ntchito limodzi la Mikhail Bulgakov, kupatulapo ndime ku kusewera "Thamanga" ( "Seventh Dream") mu 1932 ndipo kumasulira Moliere a "woumira" mu 1938 Mlanduwu kuti Bulgakov anali m'gulu mndandanda wa olemba yoletsedwa.

Kodi wina ndi chidwi yonena Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha? Mwachidule kumuuza za n'kovuta, chifukwa moyo wake unali wotchuka ndi zinthu zina zofunika ndi mfundo zochititsa chidwi. Akuti, ngakhale onse, wolemba sanaganize kuti achoke kwawo. Ngakhale mu nthawi yamavuto (1929-30.), Ndi pafupifupi sanapite ku lingaliro la emigration. Mu kalata yake Bulgakov anavomereza kuti pena paliponse, kupatula Soviet Union, Sikutheka chifukwa anasolola kudzoza kwa izo kwa zaka khumi.

Buku "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita"

Bulgakov mu 1933, anafuna kusindikiza ntchito yake "The Life of Monsieur de A Moliere" mu "M'miyoyo Anthu Ogwira" zino. Komabe, izo kachiwiri analephera. Pambuyo pake, sadzakhalanso amafuna kufalitsa zolengedwa awo mpaka imfa yake. Wolemba kwathunthu anadzipereka kwa chilengedwe cha buku "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita". Ntchito imeneyi inali adakwaniritsa kwambiri, komanso imodzi mwa ntchito zabwino mabuku Russian ndi dziko kwa zaka za m'ma 20. zaka khumi ndi ziwiri za moyo wake Bulgakov anapereka ntchito pa izo. Ganizo "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita" anabwera kwa iye mu 1920s mochedwa monga kuyesa kutanthauzira ndi akatswiri luso zenizeni zokomera. Author ankaona zinalephereka Mabaibulo loyamba la mankhwala. Kwa zaka zambiri, Mr Mikhail anali kubwerera otchulidwa, kuyesera pa mikangano latsopano ndi zithunzi. Only mu 1932 anagula chiwembu kukwaniritsa ntchito imeneyi, wolemba amene amadziwika onse (Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov).

Full yonena za Bulgakov kumatanthauza kuganizira kufunika kwa ntchito yake. Choncho tinena za izo.

Ubwino chilengedwe Bulgakov

Kusonyeza kuti kayendedwe White silingayende bwino, kuti anzeru adzapita ku Maonekedwe (buku "The White Alonda", ndi kusewera "Flight" ndi "Masiku a turbines"), kuti anthu ali pangozi, ngati zachikhalidwe ndi makhalidwe kupepera munthu adzakhala ndi ufulu wokakamiza ena chifuniro chake ( "mtima wa Dog"), Mr Mikhail anapeza amene anali m'gulu dongosolo la makhalidwe mtundu wa dziko lathu.

Kodi wina ndi chidwi Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich? Wambiri, chidwi mfundo kugwirizana nawo iwo, ndipo ntchito yake - pa lonse lili ndi sitampu ululu kwa munthuyo. Kumva anali nthawi zonse achilendo Bulgakov monga wolowa miyambo ya mabuku Russian ndi dziko. Mr Mikhail anatenga okha mabuku amene amasonyeza mavuto a Ngwazi weniweni. Umunthu anali maganizo maziko a ntchito za Bulgakov. A mbuye oona a anthu layandikira ndi owerenga wokondedwa nthawi zonse.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu zaka wake wotsiriza Bulgakov sanali kudziona kuti moyo wake kulenga mavuto. Ngakhale kuti iye kulenga mwachangu, Bulgakov ntchito pafupifupi anafika owerenga ano. Kuthyoka pansi Bulgakov. matenda ake anakula kudzetsa imfa oyambirira. Bulgakov anafa Moscow pa March 10, 1940 tsopano uli wangwiro mbiri Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha, koma ntchito yake ndi wosafa. wolembayo mtembo m'manda pa Novodevichy manda.

Wambiri Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha, mwachidule nkhani ino, ife tikuyembekeza, kupanga mukufuna kuwadziwa bwino ntchito yake. Ntchito ya mlembi uyu ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi zofunika, choncho ndithudi wokwanira Werengani. Mikhail Bulgakov, mbiri ndi zinthu zimene anaphunzira ku sukulu - mmodzi wa alembi kwambiri Russian.