Chastotnik injini ndi manja anu: chiwembu, malangizo ndi kugwirizana

Nkhaniyi tidzakambirana kwa galimoto chastotnik, mfundo zake ntchito ndi Gawo. Cholinga adzakhala pa chiphunzitso kuti mukumvetsa mfundo za Converter pafupipafupi , ndipo n'kutheka kuti m'tsogolo kuchita angagwiritse zotsimikizira manja awo. Koma ayenera kuyamba yaing'ono koyambirira Inde zimene mudzaphunzira za chiyani chastotnik ndi cholinga chimene chikufunika.

Ntchito za Converter pafupipafupi

gawo la mikango atengedwa ndi mafakitale Motors asynchronous. Ndipo iwo nthawizonse zakhala zovuta kusamalira, pamene ali ndi zonse ozungulira liwiro, ndi zovuta kusintha athandizira voteji, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zosatheka. Koma chastotnik kwathunthu amasintha chithunzi. Ndipo ngati kale kusintha liwiro kayendedwe ka conveyor Mwachitsanzo, ntchito zosiyanasiyana magiya, tsopano ntchito limodzi amagetsi chipangizo chikukwanira.

Komanso, chastotniki nkotheka kupeza osati mphamvu kusintha magawo galimoto, komanso angapo madigiri owonjezera chitetezo. Kuthetsa kufunika starters atomu, ndi zina musati ngakhale ayenera kukhala ndi atatu gawo maukonde kuonetsetsa ntchito yachibadwa ya galimoto kupatsidwa ulemu. Onse maudindo awa kugwirizana ndi kusintha ndi kusintha actuator, kupita inverter lapansi. Iwo amalola kusintha gawo pa linanena bungwe, pafupipafupi zikusinthira (choncho kusintha ozungulira liwiro), kugwira kusintha kwa poyambira ndi braking, ndipo akhoza kukhazikitsa gulu la zinthu zina. Zidalira pa microcontroller ntchito mu dera ulamuliro.

Mfundo ntchito

Pangani chastotnik injini ndi manja anu, amene chiwembu kukuonetsedwa m'nkhani, ndi losavuta mokwanira. Amalola akatembenuka gawo limodzi atatu. Choncho n'zotheka ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku moyo galimoto kupatsidwa ulemu. Popanda kutaya Mwachangu ndi mphamvu ya Ufumuwo. Ndipotu, inu mukudziwa kuti pali kuchepetsa magawo pafupifupi kawiri pamene galimoto ndi anazimitsa pa Intaneti osakwatiwa-gawo. Ndipo chinthu ndi kusinthika zingapo kufika pa athandizira voteji chipangizo.

Chiwembu woyamba ndi rectifier unit. Zambiri tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu. Pambuyo voteji kudzatha ndi osasankhidwa. Ndipo lifike woyera DC mphamvu kuti athandizira inverter. Iwo otembenuka DC kuti AC ndi chiwerengero Napempha kwa mbali. Uyu adzatengedwe nkhati ndi kugwa kwa kusintha. Amakhala michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi, chimene chikugwirizana ulamuliro dera pa microcontroller lapansi. Koma tsopano malo onsewa mwatsatanetsatane.

rectifier wagawo

Zimakhala mitundu iwiri - limodzi ndi gawo atatu. The yoyamba Converter angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zopezera aliyense. Ngati muli ndi atatu gawo, ndi okwanira kutulutsa kugwirizana kwa wina. chastotnika dera galimoto si popanda kuthetsa unit. Popeza pali kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha magawo, ndiye muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nambala inayake ya diodes michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. Pankhani converters pafupipafupi, yomwe imayambira gawo limodzi, kumafuna rectifier diodes anayi. Iwo amakhala mu dera mlatho.

Timatha kuchepetsa kusiyana pakati pa mtengo voteji pa athandizira ndi linanena bungwe. Tionanso kuti ntchito theka-yoweyula dera, koma ndi operewera, pali ambiri oscillations. Koma ngati tikulankhula kugwirizana atatu gawo, m'pofunika ntchito chiwembu cha semiconductors asanu. Chimodzimodzi dongosolo lomwelo mu magalimoto alternator rectifier, palibe kusiyana. Chinthu chokha chimene chingakhoze kuwonjezeredwa pano, kotero kuti ndi zitatu zoonjezera diode kuti adziteteze voteji iwowo.

zinthu fyuluta

Pambuyo rectifier ndi fyuluta. cholinga chake chachikulu - zonse ziri gawo odulidwa-kuchokera ku kudzatha variable panopa. Pakuti bwinobwino zambiri za kufunika kupanga M'MALO chitsanzo. Choncho, kuphatikiza umadutsa koyilo lapansi. Ndiye pakati kuphatikiza ndi opanda m'gulu electrolytic capacitor. Apa ndi chidwi m'malo chiwembu. Ngati koyilo ndi m'malo mwa reactance, ndi capacitor pamaso pa panopa osiyana kukhala mwina wochititsa kapena chotupa.

Monga ndidanena mu rectifier pa DC linanena bungwe. Ndipo pamene ntchito kwa capacitor electrolytic, kanthu zimachitika, kuyambira yotsirizira ndi unyolo chophukacho. Koma pano pali variable waung'ono pano. Ngati alternating panopa uyenda, mu dera lofanana capacitor zimakhala kondakitala. Choncho, pali dera kuphatikiza ndi opanda. anapezazo awa anapanga ndi malamulo a Kirchhoff kuti ndizo zikuluzikulu okonza magetsi.

The transistors inverter mphamvu

Ndipo tsopano anafika zofunika kwambiri mfundo - transistors siteji. inverter DC kuti Mac - anapanga inverter. Ngati galimoto unapangidwa chastotnik manja, Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito msonkhano IGBT-transistors, mungathe kuwapeza ku zigawo aliyense sitolo wailesi. Ndipo mtengo wa zigawo zonse kupanga chastotnika adzakhala kakhumi zosakwana mtengo wa chotsirizidwa, ngakhale mu China.

Pakuti gawo lirilonse amagwiritsa transistors awiri. N'zokhudza pakati pa kuphatikiza ndi opanda, monga tikuonera chithunzi nkhaniyi. Koma pali mbali iliyonse ya transistor - ulamuliro osachiritsika. Malinga amene chizindikiro umagwiritsidwa ntchito iyo, katundu wa kusintha michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi amafotokozera. Komanso imathandiza popanga monga ntchito Buku kosangalatsa (mwachitsanzo, microswitches zingapo zofunika ntchito malo voteji kulamulira) ndi zodziwikiratu. Ndizo zokhudza otsiriza ndi Tikambirana zina.

dera ulamuliro

Ndipo ngati inu kugwirizana inverter kuti galimoto ndi yosavuta, muyenera kulumikiza mfundo yoyenera, zonse ndi ovuta kwambiri ndi chiwembu kulamulira. Chinthu kuti pali kufunika chipangizo mapulogalamu, kukwaniritsa yabwino kusintha kwa iye. Pa pakati ndi microcontroller kuti izo ndi kulumikiza owerenga ndi actuators. Choncho, muyenera kukhala ndi thiransifoma panopa, umene nthawi zonse kuwunika mphamvu ankadya ndi galimoto magetsi. Ndipo ngati muyeso lizisunga chastotnika kutali.

Polumikiza kulamulira dera la

Komanso, amapereka chitetezo kutenthedwa. Pa linanena bungwe la microcontroller ndi ntchito ofananira chipangizo (msonkhano Darlington) ndi kulumikiza ulamuliro osachiritsika IGBT-transistors. Komanso, muyenera zowoneka onani zikhazikiko, kotero muyenera kumafunsa chiwembu cha LED anasonyeza. Kuwerenga zipangizo kuwonjezera mabatani kuti kulola lophimba pakati mode mapulogalamu ndi kukana variable zimasiyanasiyana mlingo wake kasinthasintha wa ozungulira a galimoto ndi.

Pomaliza

Dziwani kuti mukhoza kudzipereka ndi chastotnik kwa galimoto magetsi, mtengo wa chotsirizidwa akuyamba ku rubles 5000. Ndipo ndi Motors za magetsi, amene mphamvu zake osati upambana 0,75 kW. Ngati mukufuna kudziletsa pa galimoto yamphamvu, pamafunika chastotnik mtengo. Banja ntchito ziwembu zokwanira zafotokozedwa pansipa. Chifukwa - kulibe ambiri ntchito ndi makonda, chinthu chofunika kwambiri - ndi kotheka kusintha kwa ozungulira liwiro.