MapangidweSekondale ndi sukulu

Ndi kapangidwe ka selo losavuta chiyani? nkhani

Kodi mukudziwa kapangidwe ka khungu ndi losavuta? Ngati sichoncho, ndiye nkhaniyi ndi inu.

Amene sayansi amaphunzira khola?

sayansi iyi akutchedwa cytology. Ndi nthambi ya zamoyo. Iye akhoza kuyankha molondola funso, kodi dongosolo la mogwirizana selo. Komanso, phunziroli amafufuza osati dongosolo, komanso njira zimene zimachitika mu selo. Izi ma kupuma, kagayidwe, kubalana ndi dzuwa. losavuta chulutsa njira - kugawanika yosavuta selo. Maselo ena pulayimale angathe dzuwa - kupanga organic ku zochita kupanga. Ma kupuma kumachitika mwa pogawanikana pamawere a shuga. Izi ndi ntchito yaikulu ya chakudya chosavuta selo. Pamene makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa foni awo akhale mphamvu.

Kodi losavuta?

Musanawerenge funso mmene kapangidwe ka khungu ndi yosavuta, tiyeni tiwone chimene awa "zolengedwa."

Kodi zamoyo zimene zigwirizana selo limodzi. Iwo akutchedwanso eukaryotes, popeza pali pakati maselo awo. Losavuta selo ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi khungu mu multicellular chamoyo.

Gawo

Pali mitundu isanu ya chidule:

  • ciliates;
  • Radiolaria;
  • Dory;
  • sporozoans;
  • sarkozhgutikonostsy;
  • flagellates.

Oimira mtundu woyamba padziko amatunga mchere. Ena mitundu akhoza moyo m'nthaka.

N'ngopatsirana makamaka umaimiridwa ndi majeremusi a inakhala.

Radiolarians monga ciliates, moyo m'nyanja. Iwo ndi chipolopolo olimba zopangidwa pakachitsulo dioxide, amene ena mwa miyala anapanga.

Sunfish mbali ndi asamukire mothandizidwa ndi pseudopodia.

Sarkozhgutikonostsy anagwiritsanso ntchito njira ngati zoyendera. Kwa mtundu uli amoeba ambiri mogwirizana ena.

Flagellates akuimira khamu zosiyanasiyana zamoyo, amene ntchito yotumiza michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina mogwirizana angakhale mu amatunga, ndi ena ndi majeremusi. Komanso, anthu ambiri a mtundu uwu imapezekanso mwa maselo a chloroplasts lapansi. mogwirizana awa okha zokolola zofunika zakudya moyo umene timapuma.

ndi kapangidwe ka selo losavuta chiyani?

kapangidwe selo zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu zazikulu zitatu: madzi a m'magazi Kakhungu, cytoplasm ndi phata. chiwerengero cha mtima mwa maselo pulayimale ndi wofanana ndi munthu. Izi ndi zosiyana kwa maselo bakiteriya, amene alibe mtima. Choncho, tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane aliyense wa zigawo zitatu selo.

Nembanemba plasma

Kapangidwe khungu la losavuta kwenikweni kutanthauza pamaso pa chigawo ichi. Ndi udindo kukhala homeostasis wa khungu, kuteteza kuti asatengere zachilengedwe. The plasma Kakhungu tichipeza magulu atatu a lipids: phospholipids, glycolipids ndi mafuta. Amachuluka mu Kapangidwe ka phospholipids Kakhungu.

The cytoplasm ndi: kodi ntchito?

Izi ndi mbali ya selo, kupatula phata, ndilo mkati nembanemba plasma. Amakhala hyaloplasm ndi organelles, ndi inclusions. Hyaloplasm - ndi chilengedwe mkati mwa selo. Organelles nyumba okhazikika kuti ntchito yeniyeni, monga kulolerana wa nyumba sanali okhazikika kuti kuchita makamaka chisankho chogula katundu.

Kapangidwe ka maselo pulayimale: organelles

Mu selo wamba organelles ambiri, amene ali achilendo maselo nyama. Komanso, mosiyana ndi maselo a zamoyo multicellular, ambiri a maselo ndi organelles kayendedwe yosavuta - mitundu yonse ya michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana, cilia ndi nyumba zina. Pamaso pa dongosolo amenewa akhoza kudzitama maselo ochepa nyama multicellular - yekha umuna.

Ndi organelles kuti alipo mu maselo a losavuta ndi mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi zovuta. maselo komanso ena chloroplasts pulayimale, ndiwo khalidwe la zomera maselo. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya aliyense wa iwo tebulo.

organelles mogwirizana
organelle kapangidwe ntchito
mitochondria Adzalandira nembanemba ziwiri: kunja ndi mkati, pakati muli danga intermembrane. Nembanemba mkati ali protuberances - cristae kapena zitunda. Iwo anabwera ndi zochita zonse zoyambirira mankhwala. ndi mkati nembanemba ziwiri zomwe, wotchedwa masanjidwewo. Iwo organelles amenewa ribosomes awo, kulolerana, kwa mayitirokondiriyoni RNA ndi DNA kwa mayitirokondiriyoni. Mphamvu m'badwo. Mu ndondomeko ya organelles awa a kupuma ma.
ribosomes Wapangidwa subunits awiri. Ali zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mmodzi wa subunits ali ndi wokulirapo kuposa wachiwiri. Ribosomes ogwirizana okha ntchito. Pamene organoid osati kugwira ntchito ya subunits awiri anasiyanitsidwa. Mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe (kumasulira ndondomeko).
lysosomes Ndi mawonekedwe anamaliza. Ali Kakhungu wina. Mkati Kakhungu pali michere kuti akufunika kuti pogawanikana pamawere zinthu zovuta organic. Ma chimbudzi.
endoplasmic reticulum Tubular mawonekedwe. Kumatanthauza kagayidwe, ndi udindo zamadzimadzi kaphatikizidwe.
Golgi zovuta Okwana akasinja chimbale woboola pakati. Ntchito kaphatikizidwe wa glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids. Modifies ndi limatchula mapuloteni.
chloroplasts Adzalandira nembanemba awiri ndi intermembrane unali pakati pawo. The masanjidwewo thylakoids amaphatikizidwa mu stacks (grana lamellae. Kuwonjezera apo, masanjidwewo ndi ribosomes pophatikiza RNA ndi DNA. Photosynthesis (amapezeka thylakoids).
vacuoles mogwirizana ambiri okhala madzi ndi vacuoles contractile (organelles ndi Kakhungu ozungulira) Kukhetsa madzimadzi owonjezera m'thupi.

Komanso, maselo Amawapatsa kayendedwe yosavuta organelles. Izi zikhoza kukhala michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana ndi cilia. Malinga mitundu, thupi ndi onse michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana limodzi ndi angapo.

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