Kuzinga nsanja: malongosoledwe a kamangidwe. Kuzinga chida Zapakati

Kuzinga zida - m'badwo womwewo wa m'midzi yotetezedwa. Mogwirizana ndi zakale zokumba pansi, poyamba anaonekera mu Mesopotamia mu II Zakachikwi BC. e. Kale, kulanda boma loyandikana anachepetsedwa kwenikweni kwa adani a malinga waukulu. Choncho, kuzinga anali zikuluzikulu njira za nkhondo wopambana, ndipo atazunguliridwa chida - ndi njira yabwino kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi.

Kuzinga zida yore

Wandiweyani malinga ake ndi zipata mzinda Kutulukira mfuti anakhomerera ntchito zamphongo. Iwo anali ndi mtengo ndi obkladyvali zikopa yaiwisi nyama kuteteza muvi incendiary ndi zosakaniza zace. Kumapeto kwa nkhosa zambiri ananamizira zamkuwa ndipo kenako chitsulo nsonga.

Catapult - wina chida asilikali, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito asilikali a adani. Zitsanzo woyamba anali achilendo kusuntha gulaye ndi mivi, wokwera pa choyikapo. Kenaka linafalikira Baibulo m'manja, zokuzira ndi mawilo ndi mfuti ophimba. Zikuphatikizapo catapult, strelomety, ballista, onager.

Makulitsidwe makwerero ndi njira yofala kumenya munthu, chifukwa amalola mwamsanga kuthana ndi mavuto. Ngati kutalika ndi lalifupi kuposa kutalika kwa khoma ndiye zokulitsa chingwe iwo ntchito maukonde ndi chitsulo ngowe ndi kuliika kwa battlements khoma.

Kuzinga nsanja kwa zaka zambiri Anakhalabe a makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anatseka misewu ya mzinda, ndipo kenako nyumba akale. The woyamba anaonekera mu Ancient East, ndi ena zosintha akhala bwino ntchito mpaka Ages Middle.

Kungotchula oyambirira a linga

Asuri tayenda kuzinga mizinda luso. Ndiyamika ofukula za tadziwa tsopano, ankawoneka ngati nsanja zokhalamo za Nineve - likulu la Asuri wakale. reliefs chimphona kuti anakongoletsa nyumba makoma, losindikizidwa zidule onse kuti Asuri ntchito pa kuzinga mizinda.

Kuliganizira zikusonyezedwa iwo linga. Zinali multiwheel matabwa dongosolo, yokutidwa ndi mphasa. Kutsogolo kwa makina anali ndi nsanja, kumene asilikali anabisala ndi omenyerapo nkhosa. Kumene, Asuri anali si okhawo amene ntchito yofanana zida za nkhondo.

Xenophon, mbiri Greek ndi mtsogoleri wa asilikali, anatisiyira ife kufotokoza galimoto amene anatsagana asilikali a Koresi. Kwa izo timaphunzira kuti Aperisi anali atazunguliridwa nsanja nkhani zingapo mkulu. Pansi, kuphatikizapo magudumu, anaima pa 5.6 mamita pamwamba pansi, ndi kulemera kwa galimoto tonnes oposa 3. Ndi kayendedwe ake ntchito 8 ng'ombe. Komabe, ena a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti nsanja izi ankafuna osati mochuluka akanthe, koma kukhala asilikali kunkhondo.

Art kuzinga Carthage ndi Greece

The Carthaginians zinachitika mu East, choncho bwino nkhosa ndi nsanja zomenyerapo nkhondo. Diodor Sitsiliysky pofotokoza Kuzinga mizinda Greek a. Sicily Carthaginian asilikali a Hannibal, makamaka amatanthauza kutalika yapaderayi nsanja, ataliatali mwa mpanda wa Selinunte. Slingers ndi oponya mivi amene anali m'zipinda za pamwamba pa nsanja, mosavuta chidwi ndi zokometsera mzindawo, akangoyamba kuwoneka pa nzinda.

Anayi olemba wakale ndi kuwuluridwa kwaife ikulongosola gelepolya - chimphona nsanja zomenyerapo nkhondo, ntchito ndi Agiriki. Mbali gudumu m'munsi mwa makina ndi wofanana ndi 21 m, ndiponso crossbeams danga mkati agawanika pa zomwe anapuma amene anasamukira nsanja patsogolo. Gelepol nayenso anali ndi apansi 9 chikugwirizana ndi masitepe awiri: kutsika ndi kuuka.

Aliyense pansi pa mbali kutsogolo ndi mazenera ndi mawindo matabwa amene anatsegula pa nthawi ya kuponya projectiles. Izo zikhoza kapadera kuti zimenezi wolemera kuzinga nsanja za 40 mamita mkulu unali kusuntha pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, ngakhale kufotokoza mmene anayambika, sanakhale ndi moyo. Pofuna kuteteza yomanga matabwa kuchokera kumoto, mbali ndi makoma kutsogolo tizinthu chitsulo kapena chikopa cushions.

Kugwirira nsanja Aroma

Pafupifupi ku BC II atumwi. e. Aroma adayamba ntchito kumufotokozera nsanja pa kuzinga mizinda. Asilikali mbiri wakale Rome Vegetius anasiya kufotokoza mwachilungamo zambiri galimoto nkhondo. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti Aroma wanzeru adalipo njira zinchito, osati poyesa kugunda mdani ndi kukula kwake.

Malinga Vegetius, Tower ( "ulendo" - kuchokera Latin turres ambulatorie) unagawidwa magulu atatu. Pansi munali ndi omenyerapo yamphongo, ndi drawbridge chachiwiri ndi mpanda nsugwi, ndipo potsiriza, lachitatu - nsanja oponya mivi ndi mikondo throwers. nsanja iyi, malingana ndi mtunda ndi kutalika kwa mpanda wa mzinda akafuna 15 kapena 27 mamita.

Kulengedwa sheathe mapepala a chitsulo kapena chikopa ndi patchwork quilts zipangizo sanali kuyaka. Pamene nsanja anafika ku linga la mzinda anazinga, mlatho wa pansi yachiwiri asankha, asilikali kuwapangitsa kupita ku nyumba oyang'anira tauni.

A linga mu Ages Middle

Ngakhale kuti chitukuko wakale pake anachoka siteji ya mbiri, zimene akwanitsa m'munda wa zida za nkhondo anapitiriza ntchito mu Ages Middle. Kuzinga injini, kuphatikizapo nsanja kumenya ankagwiritsa ntchito anatseka misewu ndi mizinda ndi nyumba akale. zinalengedwera ndi njira ntchito kuyambira nthawi yakale sizinasinthe.

Ngati poyamba, mu Ages Middle iwo zinamangidwa nkhuni, n'kuukuta equine kapena Bovine zikopa. Pamwamba pa nsanja anali crossbowmen ndi oponya mivi ndi catapults zina zazing'ono. Pansi m'munsi anali kulamulidwa ndi nkhosa ndi nsonga chitsulo kapena kubowola, amene anagwedeza zomangamanga makoma.

Kuzinga nyumba akale

The ntchito kukonzekera umene unachitika pa itachita la Nyumbayi kapena mudzi, adamfunsa kwambiri nthawi ndi ndalama. Komanso waikamo sizinali kulalikira. Nthawi zambiri, iwo apanga forays pansi usiku mu msasa wa adani n'kuwononga nyumba kuzinga, kuphatikizapo nsanja matabwa.

Kukathyola mpanda wolimba ndi makwerero anali chida woyamba ntchito adani. Ngati si bwino, ndiye tinganene kuti anatseka misewu yaitali ndi kubwera mu sewero linga. Kuwalimbikitsa pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe kwambiri mpandawo linga. Mu nkhani ya bwino zotsatira mchitidwe kumenya angathe kuonedwa monga kuthetsedwa.