Kazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg: history, maonekedwe, zithunzi

Imodzi mwa nyumba yaikulu achipembedzo likulu kumpoto - otchuka Kazan Cathedral. Ku maofesi pakati pa mbali zonse za mapiko kufala - zipilala. Kunja tchalitchi ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi Antiokeya, ziboliboli, zopangidwa anajambulapo chikasu. Kumangidwa kumathandiza kuti akhazikike yaikulu. Mkati ndi kunja ulemerero wa kachisi ikugwedezeka: 56 mizati zazikulu, amene anapanga Chifinishi pinki lubwe okongoletsedwa ndi gilt mitu Korinto, kulenga tanthauzo la malo ndi wopambana.

Cathedral Building

Icon wa Kazan Amayi a Mulungu mu zaka ziwiri zapitazo, ndi chidina wa Romanov mafumu. Choyamba anabweretsa mzindawu ndi Peter I. Mu zoyambirira za XVII atumwi ku St. Petersburg inamangidwa Mpingo wa Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa (woyambitsa ikugwiridwira - M. Zemtsov, wotchuka Russian wamanga). Zinali pamalo pamene tchalitchi zazikulu lili lero. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma, mpingo ndi nyumba pafupi anali anagwetsa, kusiya malo waukulu kwambiri mzindawo.

Kupanga ntchito

art mpikisano kamangidwe ka mpingo watsopano analengeza. Zinatha pafupifupi zaka zitatu (1797-1800 gg.). Pamaso ophunzira anali kovuta. Paulo Ine ndikukhumba kuti kachisi watsopano anafanana Cathedral wotchuka St. Peter yomwe ili ku Rome, ntchito ya chachikulu Michelangelo Buonarroti, ndi mapulani ena a Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Cathedral inazingidwa azikongoletsa m'khonde la zipilala pafupifupi mofanana kapena pafupi ndi Cathedral wa St. Peter ndi wamanga Giovanni Bernini. Zinali zofunika kulemba nyumba yatsopano yaikulu mu mlengalenga kale chokongoletsedwa mapulani.

Mogwirizana ndi malamulo a Orthodox guwa la mpingo ayenera kukhala omasuka kum'mawa, ndi wapakamwa chachikulu - kumadzulo, mwachitsanzo Meschanskuyu (tsopano Kazan) msewu.

Kuyambira pachiyambi penipeni pa mpikisano uja mapulani chachikulu nawo - P. Gonzaga, A. N. Voronihin, Cameron. Mu 1800, chifukwa chotenga mbali mu mpikisano ku likulu JF Thomon.

Poyamba Paulo Ine anavomereza ntchito ya Charles Cameron. Komabe, chifukwa cha thandizo la Chiwerengero A. S. Stroganova, amene anali ndi udindo kwa yomanga A. N. Voronihina anavomerezedwa mu November 1800. njira ndi ambiri ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali tinafotokozera anthu a. Makamaka mkangano waukulu anachititsa Voronikhin chiyambi amene anali kale serf Stroganoff. Freestyle, analandira mu 1786.

kachisi msikiti

Kazan Cathedral ndi kachisi chachikulu - zozizwitsa chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVII, pamene kulimbana ndi Swedish ndi Polish ankhondowo, chizindikirochi nthawi zonse limodzi ndi asilikali a Prince wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky. Ndiyeno anapitiriza mu Moscow Terem Kazan Cathedral.

Peter I mu 1710 analamula kuti abweretse kwa St. Petersburg yakale yoyendera kubwereza kwa fano mozizwitsa.

Pamene Voronikhin anamanga Cathedral wa Kazan Icon, akuchita chifuniro cha Mfumu Paulo Ine, anagwiritsa ntchito zinachitika zimanena kuti zichitike okha cholinga semicircular zipilala, inali kutsogolo kwa kachisi. Ndipo otsala a wamanga Russian kwachititsa kuti pakhale dongosolo ufulu umene mwangwiro anazitsanulira mwa yomanga Nevsky Prospekt.

95 mizati yaikulu delineate malo ochepa. The lamanja ndi lamanzere itha zipilala chachikulu makonde. Kamangidwe kameneka ali ndi cholinga - limafotokoza thupi waukulu wa mpingo.

Kwathunthu ntchito yomanga anali sadatsatire. Pamene anamaliza kumanga Kazan Cathedral, wazomangamanga anapereka kumanga zina Voronikhin zipilala, yomwe inali kum'mwera kwa nyumbayi. Iye anali kubwereza mnzake kumpoto. Komabe, maganizo ake anakanidwa.

Kufotokozera kachisi

M'misewu mbali ya Kazan, anaganiza kuti pakhomo waukulu Kazan Cathedral. St. Petersburg muli dongosolo lapadera kwathunthu, amene ali ndi maganizo amanyadira St. Petersburg, ndi chidwi alendo ambiri kuyendera mzinda.

Kumbali ya Cathedral kakufanana ndi mawonekedwe a mtanda Latin, pamwamba pakati amaima ndi mzikiti yaikulu. Lakunja ndime entablement, zipewa, ndi akalowa pudostskogo ziboliboli ndi mwala. Izi ndi laimu mwachilungamo zofewa ali ndi kulocha chikasu. Iwo anali ncho pafupi Petersburg.

Ziboliboli ndi magulu sculptural kukongoletsa mzinda wonse wa Saint Petersburg. Kazan Cathedral lingaliro limeneli si zosiyana. Apa chosema zikutsindika mapulani kunja. Pa attics makonde (mbali msewu) zili anatsalira-ziboliboli. Kumadzulo - ntchito ya IP Prokofiev, a kum'mawa - mankhwala I. P. Martosa. Pamwamba pa guwa lansembe ndi wotchuka chosemacho D. Rachette.

North pakhomo ali chokongoletsedwa ndi zitseko yaikulu imene muli ndi buku lenileni la "Gates m'Paradaiso" kwa mobatizira. Amachita zamkuwa ziboliboli Italy Lorenzo Ghiberti.

Pa mbali ya zitseko, mu niches wapadera ndi mkuwa anaŵerengera Andreya Pervozvannogo ndi Ioanna Krestitelya, Vladimir Wofanana Atumwi, ndi Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Anatsalira "molemekeza Amagi", "The Annunciation", "The molemekeza abusa", "The Flight ku Egypt" zili Kukhonde kumpoto.

Chokongoletsera mkati

Kazan Cathedral (Saint Petersburg) wolemera ndi wapadera mkati. Zinaoneka Russian lonse ndi mphamvu. Woyamba wapadera iconostasis analengedwa ndi kujambula A.Voronihina.

Chinachake ina (1836) izo zinapangidwa mphatso yapamwamba kwambiri ku mzinda. St. Petersburg, Kazan Cathedral muli latsopano, incuse iconostasis siliva anapangidwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga KA Omveka. Iye n'kuyambiranso ndi Don Cossacks mu 1812 ku France.

Kwambiri ndi mafano analemba ojambula zithunzi zabwino za m'ma XIX - o Kiprensky, VL Borovikovsky, F. A. Bruni, VK Shebuev GI Ugriumov, Bryullov ena ambiri.

Mtengo wa kachisi

Mu 1811, iye anali wodzipereka ndi Kazan Cathedral. St. Petersburg amayamikira chikumbukiro cha asilikali wolimba Russian, amene bwino ku kachisi, chomwe chinkachitika utumiki pemphero, anawatumiza ku nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Ku tchalitchi anapita analamula Russian asilikali M. I. Kutuzov, koma pano thupi lake anaikidwa ulemu mu 1813, mu crypt pansi pa arches wa Kazan Cathedral. zaka twente-foro pa lalikulu pamaso tchalitchi kunali chipilala kwa mtsogoleri wamkulu.

The Kazan Cathedral kusungidwa zikho zambiri za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mbendera, anagonjetsa asilikali analanda makiyi a mizinda ndi mipanda.

nyengo Soviet

The mbadwo watsopano wa n'zokayikitsa kuti mu 1929 chinatsekedwa ndi Kazan Cathedral. St. Petersburg (ndiye Leningrad) anayamba ndi kulimbana yogwira ndi "wogulitsa zozunguza ubongo achipembedzo." Patatha zaka zitatu mu malo umenewu m'nyumba ya Museum mbiri ya kulibe Mulungu. Kwambiri zithunzi tchalitchi anali pang'ono anasamutsa Russian owonetsera zakale.

Zofunika kwambiri ndi kwambiri akulemekezedwa kachisi kachisi - chizindikiro cha Amayi a Mulungu - kunditumiza ku tchalitchi, yomwe inali pa mbali Petrograd. Mkati kwenikweni kunapezeka kuti anagonjetsa, izo lowonongeka pa kukonza zosiyanasiyana.

Cathedral lero

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza, Kazan Cathedral ku St. Petersburg anabwerera m'dera, ndi kuti kachisi anabwerera udindo otaika. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XXI, kachisi ndi atsogoleri a chipembedzowo onse moni chizindikiro zozizwitsa za Amayi a Mulungu, amene wabwerera ku malo ake oyenera.