Volgodonsky njira: makhalidwe njira ndi malongosoledwe a

Volgodonsk Sitima Ngalande zikugwirizana ndi Don ndi Volga pamalo pamene iwo ankabwera palimodzi ngati kuli kotheka ndi mzake. Malowa ali pamtunda pafupi ndi mzinda wa Volgograd. Volga-Don Ngalande, chithunzi ndi kufotokozera mudzapeza m'nkhani ino ndi mbali ya kwambiri madzi dongosolo zoyendera ukugwirira ntchito mu gawo European dziko lathu.

Ulendo woyamba kulumikiza mitsinje awiri

Back mu m'ma 16, anali kuyesa poyamba kuti agwirizane ndi Don ndi mtsinje wa Volga pa nsonga ya njira apamtima. Mu 1569, Selim II kwa, Turkey yakumeneko, amene anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa ulendo wake pa Astrakhan, analamula kutumiza asilikali 22,000 mmwamba Don. Iwo anali kukumba ngalande yolumikiza mitsinje awiri. Koma patatha mwezi umodzi Turkey anayenera abwerere. Malinga ndi olemba, iwo ananena kuti anthu onse pano sachita chilichonse kwa zaka 100. Komabe, kuda pofuna kulumikiza mitsinje awiri anapulumuka. Izi ndi dzenje kwambiri, chimene chimatchedwa Turkey kutsinde.

Kuyesa Peter I

zaka 130 pambuyo pake, ndi ulendo wachiwiri yomanga Volga-Don Ngalande anayamba Peter I. Komabe, zinalephereka. Pakutha 1701 pomanga pang'ono zitatha, ndipo zipata angapo zinamangidwa kwathunthu. Komabe, pakati pa dongosolo ntchito linaperekedwa kwa chiwonongeko cha njira, popeza nkhondo ndi Sweden. Mwa njira, ntchito imeneyi, anasiya chilemba chake - Petrov kutsinde, limene lili pafupi ndi tauni eponymous.

Ntchito yomanga ngalande pakati pa Volga ndi Don anagwidwa komwe - m'dera la Ivan Lake. Anamanga pano Ivanovskii njira chikugwirizana ndi mtsinje Don mtsinje Tsna (inflow Oka) kudzera Ivan Anakhala nyanja ndi mtsinje ukuyenda kunja. Malinga ndi izo, zaka 5 pambuyo chiyambi cha zomangamanga anatenga pafupifupi 300 zombo. Komabe, dongosolo anasonyeza kuti otsika madzi.

ntchito Major

ntchito zoposa 30 Don mogwirizana ndi Volga analengedwa mpaka 1917. Ambiri a iwo anawagawa m'magulu zitatu izi:

• kum'mwera, amafotokoza pawiri mwachindunji Azov ndi ya Caspian kapena pakamwa Don ndi Volga;
• pafupifupi, lomwe linali ntchito njira yomanga ku malo a kufupi kwambiri a Volga ndi Don;
• kumpoto, womwenso ntchito kugwirizana Don makhwawa makhwawa Oka.

Akatswiri Hydrologists ndikukhulupirira kuti ntchito kumpoto sakanakhoza kukhala chidwi, kuyambira pophatikizana akufuna mitsinje osaya, omwe si oyenera kusewera pa iwo zombo zamakono. Ine sakanakhala ntchito bwino ndi kum'mwera njira njanji Pankhaniyi sakanatha anatambasula, chifukwa cha zimene kunapezeka kuti ndalama kwambiri yomanga. Akatswiri anazindikira kuti ntchito kwambiri zomveka ali mu gulu pakati.

Komabe, palibe mmodzi wa iwo sichinatheke mpaka cha m'ma 20. zinthu ziwiri kupewedwa izi. Choyamba, pa njanji anali kuthamanga ndi eni munthu amene anakaniza. Chachiwiri, ngakhale pa nkhani ya njira yomanga chotengera magalimoto akhoza ikuchitika yekha m'chaka, monga yekha zonse loyenda mitsinje anali. Pa navigation zonse popanda kukhazikitsanso yaikulu sankatha kulankhula. Komabe, tisaiwale chopereka chachikulu anapanga Puzyrevsky Nestor Platonovich Russian hayidiroliki injiniya mu phunziro pakati pa Don ndi Volga. Iye anasankha njira kuti kukwana tsogolo la njira.

Malinga ndi dongosolo la electrification, mu 1920, boma kamodzinso anabwerera ku nkhani ya yomanga linali m'madzi. Choyesera iye, komabe unakhazikitsidwa yekha m'ma 1930s. The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo kupewedwa kukhazikitsa.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali a

Mu 1943, pambuyo Nkhondo ya Stalingrad ntchito anayambiranso. Iye anawatsogolera Zhuk SERGEY Yakovlevich, yemwe wakhala hayidiroliki injiniya ndi kum'manga. Motsogozedwa wake, tinali kale kulinganizidwa ndi kumangidwa Moscow-Volga Ngalande ndi White Nyanja Baltic. Volgodonsk chiwembu zovuta ndipo anavomereza mu February 1948 ku msonkhano wa Bungwe la nduna za Soviet Union. Pambuyo kuti tinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito malo.

Amene anamanga Ngalande

Onani kuti pomanga Volga-Don ngalande chinkhoswe mu otchedwa adani a anthu, kuti pali akayidi andale amene akhala ndi mlandu wa gawo 58 la malamulo Wachifwamba ntchito panthawiyo. Lolemera ntchito thupi, amene anakakamizika agwire kuipa, iwo amayesedwa tsiku awiri kapena atatu m'ndende. Komabe, pamene kuboola wozizila kudela ndi sweltering chilimwe kutentha imfa ya anthu amene ankakhala tinyumba ta matope ndi zidina kwake, unali waukulu kwambiri. Zhuka Sergeya Yakovlevicha amene anatsogolera ntchito yomanga ngalande ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale Hoover Institution akuwafanizira ndi Adolf Eichmann, mtsogoleri Nazi amene ntchito ngati kapolo.

Mawu a zomangamanga ndi makina ntchito

zaka 4.5 chabe inamangidwa Volga-Don Ngalande. Izi ndi yapadera kwambiri m'mbiri ya dziko la zomangamanga hayidiroliki. Mwachitsanzo, Panama Canal, amene kutalika ndi 81 Km, anamanga zaka 34 ndi yofanana ntchito. 164-kilometre Suez Canal inamangidwa zaka 11.

Pamene nyumba mazikowo 3 mio mamita ³ konkire ndipo anaika padziko 150 miliyoni mamita lalikulu la dziko ^3. Mu 8000 anapezeka makina: earthworks makina, Mipikisano ndowa, ndi kuyenda anakumba zinthu zakale, dambo magalimoto, dozers, scrapers wamphamvu.

Kutsegula njira, m'litali ndi kuya

Akatswiri okhonda ankakayikira kwa ntchito yaikulu imeneyi. Iwo ananeneratu kuti spillway sadzatha kupirira mavuto madzi ndi kudzakhala lalikulu opangidwa tsoka. Koma Chikumbu anali wotsimikiza kuti zonse zitayenda bwino. Iyeyo ankayang'anira kuika konkire, kupewa kuba ndi udzu ntchito.

31 May 1952, ku 13:55 madzi Don ndi Volga ophatikizidwa pakati pa zipata yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Popeza June 1, khoti anali atayamba kale adutsa njira. July 27, 1952 yomanga anapatsidwa dzina la Lenin, VI

Volgodonsky njira kutalika 101 Km. A malo awa akuthamanga 45 Km. mozama njira si zosakwana 3.5 m.

Madamu ndi zipata Volga-Don Ngalande

Ziwiya njira ndimeyi pa Volga Don 13 ndidzadutsa zipata (woyamba anaimiriridwa zinkaimira pamwamba), yomwe anawagawa Don ndi Itil sluice makwerero. kutalika yomaliza 88 m. Amakhala 9 osakwatiwa-ulusi maloko umodzi chipinda. Msinkhu wa miyendo Don sluice ndi 44 m. Amakhala loko anayi a kamangidwe chomwecho.

Volga-Don Ngalande zikugwirizana ndi Don pafupi ndi tauni ya Kalach pa-Don ndi Volga mu Volgograd. Amakhala Karpovskiy, Bereslavskii ndi Varvarovsky posungira. Ulendo lonse limatenga 10-12 maola. Madzi akubwera kuchokera Tsimlyanskii mosungiramo wakudya Volgodonsky njira kuyambira Don lagona pa mamita 44 pamwamba pa Volga. Chifukwa dongosolo ongokhala okwerera atatu ikukoka (Varvarovsky, Marinovsky ndi Karpovsky), madzi umaperekedwa kwa kugawaniza kenako yokoka kudyetsedwa kwa Volga Don ndi otsetsereka. The zipata woyamba ndi chakhumi ndi chitatu ndi arches kupambana. Antchito kutumikira njira, moyo m'midzi anakhazikitsa kudutsa.

mtengo njira

Volgodonsk yodutsira njira dzina VI Lenin kuika pamodzi zotsatirazi 5 nyanja: ndi Caspian, Black, Azov, White Nyanja ndi Baltic. Anayerekezera pamodzi momwe Dnieper, ndi Don, ndi North-West ndi Volga mabeseni. Njira ya njira limayenda limodzi steppes louma. Iye anabweretsa chinyezi minda Rostov ndi Volgograd zigawo.

zokopa chachikulu

Alendo ndi chidwi kwambiri Volga-Don Ngalande. Volgograd lero ndi zovuta kuganizira popanda malo ichi. Aliyense alendo a mzinda anachita kaso iwo. Popular osati akuwedza nsomba Volgodonsk njira, alikodi chinachake kuwona.

Kupeza Magalimoto pa njira adatengedwa ndi Sarepta m'derali kwa mtsinje wa Volga, amene kutetezedwa mafunde ndi ayezi kulowerera ku chigwa cha mtsinje Sarpa. Mkati Volgograd ndi atatu oyamba pachipata.

Sarpa pachilumba (pakhomo pa njira) mu 1953, anaikidwa pa nyumba, amene kutalika mamita 26. Pa makoma ake akuponyedwa zitsulo Rostra, iwo akamachita za m'mphuno gawo la zombo zosiyanasiyana wakale. Mlembi wa polojekiti ndi wamanga R. Yakubov

Ngati muyenda limodzi promenade kuchokera pachipata woyamba, posakhalitsa tidzaona Lenin chipilala (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). IV - pamene njira kutsegula chipilala china anamangidwira Stalin, amene ali pa pedestal mkulu. Chibolibolichi anamangidwira mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka. mkuwa Native wapita kumuponya chithunzi cha mtsogoleri wa dziko. Chipilala (chithunzi ichi chili m'munsimu) anali malo kwa zaka zingapo, mkuuka mamita 40 pamwamba mlingo wa Volga. Komabe, chifukwa cha njira de A-Stalinization, amene unayambitsidwa mu 1961 pa XX Congress, chipilala izi kunachotsedwa. Kwa iye panali chabe pedestal konkire, amene amapita ku monolithic mulu maziko embankment.

Anaganiza kukhazikitsa malo atsopano pa pedestal ndi kale VI Lenin. Zikhale za analimbitsa simenti. The chosema ndi 27 m, ndi pedestal -. 30 mamita wazomangamanga Delin VA ndi zosemasema EV Vucetich Kodi olemba a chipilala cha. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chipilala kuti Lenin analowa "Guinness Book of Records." Ndi chipilala waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse, anakhazikitsa polemekeza weniweni munthu wamoyo.

Volgodonsk njira lero

Kudzera opangira magetsi zaka 60 ali oposa 19 000 ziwiya chaka. Panopa, pali funso za ntchito yomanga mzere wina wa Volga-Don ngalande, amene munthu akanatha kumanga katundu utuluke ake. Mwina yomanga ake zidzachitika mu zaka zikubwerazi, ngakhale chifukwa cha vutoli, funso Zikuoneka kuti kudzachitike kwa kanthawi. Komabe, mutsogoleli akukonza kukuza Volga-Don Ngalande ndi kumanga ulusi cha zimene iye ananena mu 2007. Yomanga nthambi yachiwiri chikuyembekezeka kawiri bandiwifi - matani mamiliyoni 30-35 Katundu pachaka. Komabe, panopa akuchita ulusi Volgodon mosakwanira yodzaza.