Maluwa (mitengo): kubzala ndi chisamaliro, kukula kutchire

M'zaka khumi zapitazo m'masitolo munda, mitundu yatsopano ya maluwa ndi lalitali kwambiri, wotchedwa nkhuni kakombo. Popeza kuti si kuchepa mikangano za mbewu: ena iyo nthano, ena umboni latsopano mitundu hybrid pachiyambi. Yesetsani kumvetsa chimene chimapanga duwa mitengo, kubzala ndi chisamaliro chimene chiri chidwi osati florists, komanso wamaluwa zonse.

Kodi mtengo ngati

Ngakhale wamaluwa ambiri angakhumudwe kuti akadali kakombo - maluwa, mtengo ndi dzina kutichitikira ndi chidwi ndi kukula kwake ndi kukongola kwa maluwa. Ndi kuisamalira, izo kungokhulupirira makamu awo (ena toyesa kufika kutalika kwa 2.5 m). Ndipo maluwa yake osiyanasiyana lalikulu la mitundu ndi makombola, ena amafanana Panama kukula ndi mawonekedwe ana. chomera Munthu angathe kukhala 20 maluwa mawonekedwe tubular, ofanana ndi nduwira kapena kapu.

Chotero mbewu yaikulu exudes wosakhwima ndi yokhalitsa fungo, amene osakaniza ndi kukongola kwa thupi akuupereka osati zosowa, koma ndi lolemera tione.

Mitengo zomera amenewa amatchedwa salembedwa yekha kukula mkulu (kwa 2.5 m), koma kwenikweni ali ndi mtundu wa maluwa lalikulu kwambiri ndi wamtali, kunachitika osati kudzera kuthupi, koma ndi thandizo la asayansi, obereketsa, ndi kudya yogwira wamaluwa kukula pa Intaneti.

Anthu mitundu imene tsopano anagulitsa m'masitolo - duwa mitengo, mitundu amene ali a mitundu iwiri:

• kakombo mitundu (kapena cardiocrinum) kukula mwachibadwa kuthengo;
• RT-hybrids akamagwira kudutsa akatswiri tubular ndi mitundu kum'mawa maluwa.

Izi mitundu ya maluwa ndi zosiyana kwambiri mwa mawu kukula, amafuna chifukwa cha makhalidwe nthaka ndi ulimi. Iwo kubereka pang'onopang'ono pachimake zaka 2-3 mutabzala.

maluwa mitundu

zomera ndi sayansi otchedwa cardiocrinum ( "mtima woboola pakati kakombo." - Greek), dzina anapatsidwa kwa mawonekedwe a masamba. Pali mitundu 4 okha zomera kukula pa chisumbu cha Sakhalin, zilumba Japanese, ku HimalayasI ndi China.

Cardiocrinum - bulbous chomera (anyezi woyera phirilo zooneka), umatheka, dzenje mkati, ndi pa nthaka awiri a masentimita 5.

Masamba ofanana mu mawonekedwe kuti mitima - ndi venation reticulate, taphunzira, zaikidwa tsinde petioles yaitali. Maluwa, kawirikawiri woyera woongoka wobiriwira, tubular, kawirikawiri anakana horizontally kapena kuyang'ana wilted, yomwe ili pa mapesi yochepa.

limamasula Cardiocrinum kwa zaka 4-5 mutabzala ndi maluwa lalikulu kwambiri, ndiyeno babu akafa, kupanga ana aang'ono kuti ali oyenera kuswana zina.

Mu ziwembu munda kutchire wamkulu mitundu 2 okha a mitengo kakombo: chimphona ndi Chinese. Lily-mtengo chithunzi amene timalandira m'nkhani, chidwi wamaluwa ngakhale odziwa.

Cardiocrinum chimphona kunyumba (Himalaya) amamera malo otsetsereka ndipo ali ndi kutalika 3 m. Maluwa zambiri mu August, inflorescences 20 lalikulu Kamaoneka maluwa, aliyense 15 masentimita yaitali, emitting fungo osangalatsa kwambiri.

Cardiocrinum Chinese ikukula kunyumba mapiri pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi nkhalango China Center ndi East. Chomera kutalika ndi 1.5 mamita ndi masamba pamwamba pa zimayambira pa. Tsvetkov kokha mpaka zidutswa 5 pafupifupi 10 cm, wotumbululuka mtundu wobiriwira ndi mawanga laling'ono lofiira pamwamba.

Kodi kudzala ndi kusamalira

Cardiocrinum wakonda ansangala malo a chonde Chilwa pang'ono mu mthunzi (osati ngati dzuwa). Otere kakombo mitengo, kubzala ndi chisamaliro zimene mufunikira zinachitikira wamaluwa, anaika mu malo m'munda, muyenera kukonzekera bwinobwino asanadzalemo nthaka: kupanga ngalande (babu likhoza kuvunda chifukwa chinyezi mkulu), kuti chinsalu nthaka. Mulingo woyenera ankafika nthawi - chiyambi ya nyundo.

Chabwino kupanga zikuluzikulu kukula kwa masentimita 60 powonjezera mchenga ndi dothi. Pamene chodzala nsonga ya babu ayenera chithunzithunzi kuchokera mu nthaka. A mtunda pakati mababu a pafupi - osachepera 1 m.

Pakuti yozizira kumanga mpweya pogona wapadera kwa lapnika, kuphimba chomera lonse. chivundikiro siziyenera kuchotsedwa m'chaka yomweyo, koma ayenera kudikira mpaka frosts masika adzatero (pa nthawi ino yokutidwa ndi chisanu). Otsegulidwa, zomera zofunika kuti asalalikire dzuwa.

Nkofunika molondola anayamba mtengo. Maluwa musati amafuna chisamaliro yeniyeni, muyenera feedings angapo ntchito mchere zovuta (masika) ndi feteleza organic (m'chilimwe). Kuchepetsa acidity wa nthaka akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa (mbewu sakonda nthaka acidic) kapena kuwonjezera fupa chakudya.

Kutsirira cardiocrinum kukhala 1-2 nthawi sabata (pamene mvula zochepa zambiri). Pamene kuthirira kukula ogalamutsa mwina zidzawonjezedwa mwachindunji madzi. mapesi wamtali muyenera zogwiriziza, kotero kuti chomera alibe wagwa kapena wosweka ndi mphepo kapena thupi lakelo. Lililonse yozizira kakombo mtengo ayenera nakonza ndi pogona kwa chisanu ndi ozizira.

Chifukwa kuswana ayenera bulanchi mwamsanga osiyana impso ku womwalirayo ndi wouma mababu mayi (ndi bwino kumera awo ndi zikamera wa mizu achinyamata). Ngati ana mtengo kusiya yozizira pansi, kawirikawiri kufa ku chisanu.

Komanso cardiocrinum akhoza zimafalitsidwa mwa mbewu, amene Akusonkhanitsa kawirikawiri mu kasupe pamaso nyengo kukula, kenako seeded m'nthaka okonzeka.

Muchipangano chakale-hybrids - ndichiyani?

mitundu ina kuswana maluwa chimphona zinalengedwa ndi asayansi Canada, zimene zinabweretsa kakombo mitengo - kalasi hybrid kuchokera. Mumagulu maphunziro, iwo anapatsidwa dzina la Asia X - chubu. maluwa amenewa amapanga chidwi ndi kukongola ndi wapadera.

Maganizo woyamba zogulitsa a maluwa mitengo anaonekera Holland mu mtundu lowongolera zomwe ogula analonjeza mitengo kutalika ndi 2.5 mamita ndi sangaganize chiwerengero cha maluwa (50-60). Kuyambira pamenepo, chenicheni cha zokambirana za zomera zimachitika kawirikawiri mu asayansi ndi lalikulu padziko lonse maukonde.

Ndiye funso la zoti dzina "mitengo" udakalipo. Kale mu 2009, wina wa makampani Canada imachitika kulembetsa a "kakombo mtengo" chizindikiro ndi dzina munakhala pambuyo pawo.

dzina lina linapatsidwa kwa izi maluwa obereketsa yachilendo - Goliati - chifukwa, ndithudi, kukula zawo. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, izi kukongola mphamvu ndi thandizo la wamaluwa odziwa anayamba kukula m'ma M'madera a zitunda wa Russia. Komabe, kuti mitundu pa mtengo chozizwitsa, muyenera kudikira zaka 2-3.

mitundu hybrid

anasonyeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera hybrid mu zaka zingapo zapitazi. Lily mtengo zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuona m'nkhani mwina amakhala osiyana a chisanu. Komanso, zosiyana kukhala pamwamba pa phesi, mtundu wa maluwa, kutalika kwa maluwa, ndi zofunika chisamaliro.

Lily-mtengo - zosiyanasiyana (chithunzi ndi mtundu):

• Aventino (pinki ndi nyenyezi yellow);

• Anastasia (pinki zofiira maluwa ndi malire woyera, wamtali kwambiri tsinde);
• Big Brazer (vanila-chikasu maluwa);
• Donato (yowala pinki);

• Carbonero (mdima chitumbuwa kapena wofiira ndi pakati yellow);
• Corsini (pinki ndi pakati lachikasu wobiriwira);
• Gold kalasi (chikasu ndi speckles wofiira);
• Holland Kukongola (rasipiberi kirimu ndi malire);
• Kokasangalala (chikasu-uchi);
• Abiti patchwork (amtundu wina mtundu wa chokoleti zikoti pakati ndi malire woyera);
• Holland Kukongola (rasipiberi kirimu ndi piping);
• Bambo Jobe (bulauni-amtundu wina kuti asterisk wobiriwira pakati ndi m'mphepete Mzere kirimu);
• Pasion Moon (kirimu chibakuwa ndi chikasu pakati pa kupopera);
• Preti MKAZI (woyera);
• Porpl Prince (amtundu wina-wofiirira);
• Robin (kapezi ndi malo woyera);
• Zelmira (lalanje-pinki), ndi ena ambiri.

Kalasi apamwamba: Friso, Donato, Anastasia, Robin.

Anthu ambiri lerolino amasangalala mitundu monga Porpl Prince, kakombo mtengo mkazi wokongola, kubzala ndi chisamaliro zimene zikupangitsa kwambiri, poyerekeza kalasi m'munsi.

Popular hybrids

Choyamba, m'pofunika kuti anthu amvetse kuti kukula pazipita ndi maluwa a hybrids ngati kufika osati kale kuposa 3 zaka: M'chaka choyamba cha duwa ili limakhalapo pafupifupi 30 cm lachiwiri - by 50-60 cm, ndi kokha wachitatu wa msinkhu wake umalandira osachepera 1.5 mamita. Pachimake mitundu yonse hybrid kwa chaka 2-3.

The zosiyanasiyana wotchuka kwambiri tsopano - kakombo mtengo mkazi wokongola, amene maluwa (m'mimba mwake 25 cm) ndi zofewa poterera moyera-mthunzi ndi pang'ono pinki kum'chitira, pambuyo maluwa masamba kukhala woyera.

kakombo Izi akamagwira ankawoloka kum'mawa ndi tubular maluwa. The inflorescence ndi maluwa zambiri mpaka 30 nyuzi woboola pakati kapena kapu woboola pakati, ndi kukoma zosangalatsa. Maluwa zambiri imatsogoleredwa oposa kapena pambali pang'ono, pali zingapo mtundu mithunzi: chikasu, pinki, kuwala lalanje ndi multicolor. Maluwa nthawi - theka lachiwiri la chilimwe.

Tsinde la kakombo wa mtengo - ndi olimba, kutalika 180 masentimita, pa zinthu zabwino kwambiri, zomera amakula 2.5 mamita 3 pachaka. kalasi uyu ali wabwino yozizira hardiness ndi bwino kukana matenda.

Umakopa kwambiri mtundu umenewu monga kakombo mtengo "kokasangalala", yodziwika ndi mkulu yozizira hardiness (palibe amaundana, ngakhale pa frosts aakulu pamaso -35ºS). mtengo akula mamita 2 ndipo amatha kutulutsa oposa 18 masamba okongola, kenako asangalala zachilendo mwezi-uchi mtundu (ndi pakati mdima,) ndi fungo wolemera.

Lily-mitengo: kubzala ndi chisamaliro

Zomera zimenezi ndi zina yeniyeni Machinery pa ankafika ku nthaka, mu nyengo ya kukula ndi maluwa. Ena mitundu monga nthaka acidic, ena - zamchere.

Taganizirani chitsanzo cha chotero zosiyanasiyana hybrid tsopano otchuka monga kakombo mtengo mkazi wokongola, kubzala ndi chisamaliro zimene ikuchitika chimodzimodzi kwa zomera zina kuchokera hybrids.

Pakuti kakombo zofuna mtengo nthaka pang'ono asidi, ndi okhutira mkulu wa feteleza (koma osati atsopano organic). zomera sakonda moyandikana la pansi, kotero malo abwino zibzalidwe kakombo (nkhuni) - ankafika pa mabedi pang'ono anakweza, kupereka ngalande wabwino. Ntchito ngalande miyala ndi mtsinje mchenga, adagulung'undisa mu wosanjikiza wa masentimita 20.

maluwa Post kubzala bwino m'madera pang'ono shaded Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa denga la mitengo ya zipatso kuti mthunzi anabalalika.

Kukula ndi maluwa a mitengo kakombo - zaka 4-5, chifukwa 5 wazaka babu ndi zatha, imbaenda ku kuchepa mu kukula kwa duwa phesi, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha masamba, matenda zotheka ngakhale imfa ya mtengo.

Kudzala mababu ikuchitika kaya pa chiyambi cha autumn, kapena April-May. nthaka anakonzeratu, pamene chodzala mababu pansi ake ndi kuzungulira kutsanulira mchenga, kuya kubzala - 15-20 masentimita ku mizu pamwamba. Patatha izi, nthaka ayenera kukhala zamulchirovat.

Kuthirira maluwa zizichitidwa 1-2 nthawi sabata onse chilimwe, makamaka pa nthawi maluwa. Pakuti zomera ndikofunika kuti apange feteleza, makamaka mu mapangidwe masamba. Last nyengo feteleza zizichitidwa mwa mwezi wa August ndi predominance fetereza potaziyamu kumathandiza babu kuchira msanga pambuyo maluwa.

Ndipo anafika m'dzinja ozizira, izo wakula pa dzinja kakombo anabzala m'chaka (nkhuni). "Kodi iwo zimabisala?" - funso kaŵirikaŵiri adafunsa wamaluwa pokonza chomera kwa frosts yozizira. Ngakhale pali mitundu ndi bwino kukana kuti ozizira, koma n'kumawotha mitengo kakombo kubzala ayenera kugula.

Mochedwa yophukira thunthu mmera kudula, ndi ndegeyo insulated ndi kuphimbira youma ndi kusunga yozizira 5-10 masentimita wosanjikiza (mwachitsanzo, chawola kompositi kapena coniferous zinyalala). Zimenezi zimathandiza mababu otsala mu nthaka osati kudwala kuti apulumuke frosts yozizira.

A chivundikiro masika amakhala kuphimbira kupulumutsiramo woyamba chisanu, ndiyeno akutumikira kukhalabe chinyezi nthaka. Nkofunika kumasula kubzala masika malo kakombo mtengo, chifukwa amapereka zambiri mphukira sawaona.

mitengo kubalana kakombo

Garden kakombo zambiri zimafalitsidwa mwa mbewu, ana, cuttings ndi mababu.

Lily mitengo (mwachitsanzo, kakombo mtengo mkazi wokongola) kawirikawiri zimafalitsidwa kudzera mababu, ngakhale kuchuluka ndi mlingo wa kuwonjezeka mitundu awo hybrid ang'ono. Njira kubalana ndi ndithu yolemetsa ndi pang'onopang'ono, T. Kwa. The mababu ali tcheru kwambiri chinyezi ndipo mwina poipa m'dzinja.

Komanso, ana akhoza analandira pambuyo zaka zingapo, pamene chomera wayamba pachimake mu mphamvu. Ambiri okhwima mitengo (zaka 4-5) ndipamene chisa ndi mababu, oyenera makhalidwe a.

Komanso mitengo kakombo akhoza zimafalitsidwa kudzera mwa mbewu ndi mu mabokosi pamwamba pa zimayambira pa (ya masika). Pamaso kuzizira iwo tadulidwa (pamodzi ndi gawo la tsinde) ndi anaika mu chipinda ofunda kuti zipse. Kufesa mbewu wakucha tikwanitse kuchita nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha Mwina mkulu wa imfa ya kumera.

Lily-piramidi kumeneko?

Piramidi kapena chitsamba kakombo m'chilengedwe kulibe, ngakhale malonjezo ena mavenda payekha kapena makampani ogulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana zamaluwa. Chiwerengero cha masamba pa mapiramidi izi kulemberapo zidutswa zoposa 40, zimenezo n'zosatheka.

Mafotokozedwe kwa zodabwitsazi angakhale fasciations pamene maphatikizidwe mwangozi angapo zimayambira pa zifukwa zotsatirazi:

• sinali bwino kapena kulephera pa kukula mbewu akhoza kuonongeka pamene mababu kapena mphukira;
• ndi tizilombo toyambitsa, mmene mankhwala kapena cheza;
• ntchito yambiri pa bioregulators ndi olimbikitsa kukula kapena feteleza;
• masinthidwe kugwirizana ndi kusintha kutentha kapena chinyezi ndi kuyatsa modes.

N'zotheka kupindika kapena mapindikidwe mphukira kukhala pofuna. Pali ena mitundu ya maluwa (monga Marlene), amene amakhala fasciations.

Zosiyanasiyana Marlene limabweretsa mitundu ya Asian hybrid kakombo, ubwino amene ali yozizira hardiness, pachimake kale, amphamvu kwambiri mphukira mapangidwe. Kutalika kwa phesi -. 1 mamita Maluwa m'malo lalikulu, pinki pa malekezero ndi woyera pakati. Nthawi maluwa amatenga miyezi 2. Chimodzi kusiyana zachilendo - iwo alibiretu fungo.

Lily mitundu Marlen pa chodabwitsa fasciations peduncle akhoza kupanga ku mitundu 40 100. Koma chodabwitsa kwambiri mowiriza osati malamulo ndi munthu. Ikufotokozanso luso la zomera kubala wina babu mphukira zingapo zimene angakhudzidwe ndi fasciations coalesce kupanga zimayambira limodzi wandiweyani.

Ngakhale carnations malonda ndi maluwa pyramidal mitundu kulibe, pakuti anapatsidwa zosiyanasiyana Marlene. Mtundu kwambiri za hybrid kakombo mawu ofunika munthu wa kwabasi.

Lily-mitengo kamangidwe ka chiwembu munda

Mitengo yamaluwa, kubzala ndi kusamalira zomwe zili zophweka, zoyenera kukongoletsa malo alionse a m'munda. Mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yambiriyi imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo imayenera kukula pakati pa mitengo ya zipatso m'munda kapena pafupi ndi nyumba.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zomera zotalika, muyenera kuwerengera zowonjezera zowonjezera zomera ndikuziika pakati pa maluwa (asters, delphiniums, gladioluses kapena chamomiles).

Pamphepete mwa flowerbed chotero, mukhoza kulima bulbous mitundu ya tulips, crocuses, daffodils ndi hyacinths. Monga maziko adabzala mitundu yochepa ya marigolds, mabala a m'munda, iberis osatha ndi ena.

Monga oyandikana nawo maluwa, mjunje, thuja, cypress kapena ferns ndi abwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa nthawi imodzi, mukhoza kuwasankha mogwirizana ndi nthawi ya maluwa kuti muzitha kuyendetsa maluwa ambiri.

Mudziko lathu, zomera zoterozo zimagwira ochepa amaluwa. Ambiri kapena osadziŵa bwino maluwa amenewa, kapena samakhulupirira malo omwe amalonda amalengeza. Mayankho a akatswiri omwe anagula mitengo ya akakombo, amatha kuwakula ndi kuyembekezera maluwa (zaka zitatu za kuyembekezera - pambuyo pake, nthawi yochuluka), amachitira umboni wokongola kwambiri wa mitengo ya maluwa ndi chiyambi cha kukula kwake.