Kalasi - ndiko: tingachidziwe

Atadziwa kukhala zomera, anthu anayamba kuyesa kusintha asungidwe ndi kubalana a mitundu wapamwamba kwambiri. Ngakhale kalelo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu, mphesa zinalengedwa, mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso. Choncho ananyamuka ndi sayansi kukhala chomera mitundu yatsopano - kusankha.

Kupatukana mitundu chiyambi

Maphunziro - ndichiyani? Kalasi gulu azilandira zomera anakhazikitsa njira kuswana ndi okhala makhalidwe heritable mwa gulu. Mtundu uliwonse mbewu waika wa morphological, zamoyo makhalidwe a zachuma, omwe kudziwa makhalidwe ake. Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana chikuphatikizapo zinthu zingapo. chiyambi limasonyeza gwero la zipangizo ntchito kulenga izo. Pali yaikulu zosiyanasiyana nakulitsa ndi chilombo zomera zimene amasankhidwa zinthu kufunika kwa kusankha. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi anawagawa mitundu iwiri, lingaliro lalikulu monga zosiyanasiyana. Kodi mitundu - pansipa. 1. Local - timapemphera kusankha nthawi yaitali imene anthu mu malo ena. Ali kusinthasintha zabwino mmene chilengedwe derali.

2. Kusankha - ndi zochokera njira sayansi ndi, malingana njira kuchotsa Zikatero, anawagawa m'magulu angapo:

• kalasi mzere akamagwira kusankha munthu wa mbadwa ya zokolola munthu kudziona mungu, potero Yodziwika kufanana kwa mbali ndi makhalidwe, koma ndi nthawi chifukwa masinthidwe kutaya pachilichonse izi;
• kalasi-Chiwerengero - nthawi landraces popangidwa ndi mtanda mungu mbewu kusankha misa, imene imodzi amapezeka ndi mwakusakaniza zachilengedwe ndi zomera zina;
• Oyeserera mitundu ndi ana a umodzi, zimafalitsidwa vegetatively, chikhalidwe ndi kukhala homogeneity mkulu ndi mutendele;
• kalasi hybrids kupanga mating lokhala mbali chikhalidwe cha mibadwo ingapo, kusankha zomera ndi katundu zofunika.

zizindikiro kwachilengedwenso

Kuswana mitundu. Ndichiyani wapereka zizindikiro zachuma-kwachilengedwenso?

1. fundo kuti zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe:

• Hardy - kugonjetsedwa ndi otsika kutentha chikhalidwe oyenera kulima mu sing'anga gulu ndi malo kwambiri kumpoto, malingana kalasi;
• chilala zosagwira - athe kupanga kusowa kwambiri chinyezi imfa kochepa wa zokolola.

2. Kutalika kwa nyengo kukula - nthawi imene mbewu ayenera kudutsa pa mkombero lonse chitukuko. Izo zimatengera mtundu wa chikhalidwe, kalasi, kutentha wachikondi kapena kukana ozizira, komanso zinthu zina zambiri. Izi ndi zofunika kwachilengedwenso chizindikiro zofunika pa magawidwe moyenera mbewu.

3. zokolola The anatsimikiza ndi zokolola za mankhwala, umene ndi pafupifupi zokolola pa zomera, ndi Kuchuluka kwa zomera pa malo wagawo ili. Zomera osatha zake, akuti kale mu akula, kawirikawiri mu makilogalamu pa mtengo.

4. samoplodnye amadziwika luso la zomera kuti n'kuwasanganiza mwa okha-kubereketsa zomera. Ngati mlingo uwu ndi otsika kapena ziro, kotero ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi chomera pollinator adzakhala kwa iye.

5. makhalidwe Kukumana ndi zosiyana malinga ndi zomwe zili zipatso ndi zipatso zidulo ndi dzuwa.

6. fundo kuti tizirombo ndi matenda ndi n'chofunika kwambiri kwa kupanga mankhwala wochezeka, monga processing mankhwala kumabweretsa kudzikundikira awo zomera ndi chilengedwe. umenewu si kusankha yekha ndi waukulu, komanso ovuta kwambiri, chifukwa angathe kusintha kwambiri ndi luso kubereka ku tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

7. luso mphukira kuti tichotseretu wayikidwa makamaka kwa tchire mabulosi.

mbali kunja

Mitundu amasiyana mbali morphological:

• maluwa akuda;
• kutiumba ndi m'mbali losongoka mapepala ndi;
• chomera kutalika;
• Mbatata - mtundu wa khungu, mawonekedwe a tuber.

Pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana yatsopano kutaya katundu zamtengo wapatali sayansi ndi luso patsogolo ulimi zimapangitsa kuti zikhalidwe za ntchitozo zofuna apamwamba, kotero njira ya kulenga ndi kuwongolera sukulu ayenera kukhala okhazikika.

Kuphunzira zosiyanasiyana zatsopano

Choncho, latsopano zosiyanasiyana linanena bungwe. Kodi chitetezo malamulo a Mgwirizano wa mayiko a Chitetezo cha zipambano Kusankha? Timapereka kuteteza zofuna za obereketsa ndi recoverability ndalama anakhala ndi iwo. Chitetezo mwalamulo zosiyanasiyana ayenera kukumana ndi akatswiri luso, kuphatikizapo makhalidwe atatu.

1. muyezo distinctness mitundu - photos, kufotokoza zikhale bwino distinguishable kwa wina aliyense anthu pa nthawi ino.

2. muyezo homogeneity wa mitundu - zomera ndi mitundu Pempho liyenera kukhala yemweyo mu njira kubalana.

3. Bata i - zotsatira zonse ndi katundu ikufunika zikutsatiridwa pambuyo kafalitsidwe mobwerezabwereza.

Pamene latsopano mbewu zosiyanasiyana ndidzadutsa mayesero onse pa malo apadera, kwapatsidwa dzina la NYEMBA, ndipo anadzetsa boma m'kaundula mwa zinthu kuswana.

Development mitundu latsopano lili umunthu mbewu waphindu, ndi zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi zifukwa zambiri chokhwima zachilengedwe. Moyo amaika patsogolo zofunika latsopano mbewu zosiyanasiyana, kotero tsopano anayamba njira kufulumiza kuswana kuti kuchepetsa nthawi chitukuko cha mitundu yatsopano apamwamba zomera m'tsogolo.