Sholem Aleichem: MBIRI. Mtima, lotseguka kwa anthu

Sholem Aleichem - pempho Ayuda kuti anthu wamba anasinthanitsa pa msonkhano. "Mtendere ukhale nanu" - ndicho chimene zikutanthauza. Chotero dzina labodza anatola wolemba wina amene analemba za anthu wamba m'chinenero chawo - Chiyidishi. Musanayambe Sholom Aleichem - wolemba. Photo chimasonyeza munthu ndi maso kuboola ndi nthabwala zabwino zimene anapirira masamba a nkhani lake lalifupi, novellas komanso mabuku.

ubwana

Sholom Nohumovich Rabinovich anabadwa mu 1859 ku banja osauka Pereyaslavl pa Ukraine. Kenako banja anasamukira kutawuni Voronkovo, monga Ukraine. Childhood wachinyamata ndi zaka 13 ondipeza poizoni. M'nyengo yozizira, mu kuzizira, nthawi zambiri adakhala msewu pafupi ndi nyumba, kumene sankandilola. Tsopano, ngati anafika, kapena kupereka ndi zashuga, ndiye mnyamata anayimitsa m'nyumba yovuta, kumene kunali angapo zipinda pang'ono ndi mabedi alendo. Ndiye iye ankakhoza kutenga ofunda. Koma yozizira kuyenda olemera alendo amene si kukhala mu nyumba wotsogolera Nohum Rabinovich. Iwo amakonda hotelo Nahumu Yasnogradskogo. Yozizira Shalom akufuna kupeza chuma kuti anaikidwa penapake Voronkove, ndipo tsopano, banja zinatha, iwo kachiwiri moyo mu Pereyaslavl. Ndipo anakhala Sholom mu banja lalikulu losauka kumene kunali abale ndi alongo, ana ndi akulera ana opeza. Ayuda wolemekezeka sukulu, iwo nthawi zonse anali ndi mtima woopa kuti bukhu. Choncho, onse, ngakhale mnyamata wosauka ku sukulu (atsikana imatengedwa ngati mukufuna). Woyamba "ntchito" analembanso anali mndandanda wa matemberero Mayi amene anakonza Potengela Zilembo. nyumba kuti akuyang'ana pa ine ndi alendo Sholem Aleichem. Wambiri kusinthidwa ankadziwa wake ndi anthu ambiri amene ndiye kudali pa masamba a mabuku ake. Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, mnyamata maphunziro a ukachenjede ndipo ankafuna kupitiriza maphunziro awo mu Zhytomyr pa anayambitsa ndi kukhala mphunzitsi.

kuyendayenda

Koma achinyamata Sholom Aleichem ali yopezera zofunika pa moyo. Amayendayenda pa tauni yaing'ono, ntchito namkungwi. Ndi iye mwambo. Iye zambiri m'malo kupereka bedi pansi, ndi njala wake zosasangalatsa makamu amene glares, sanatchulidwenso chakudya patebulo. Usiku chichitike ngakhale ayangatiridwe ana. Pomaliza Sholomu mwayi. Iye anali ndi zaka 17 anali mu nyumba wolemera kwambiri, yemwe amaphunzitsa mtsikana khumi ndi zinayi. Zonse ziri bwino. Koma, monga nthawi zambiri anafotokoza mu mabuku, mphunzitsi ndi mwana amayamba kupeza chilichonse chikondi ena. Iwo akunena atate wake, amene kuwadziwa bwino anthu. KOTERO KUDZAKHALA Sholem Aleichem. Photo zikusonyeza mtundu, koma munthu kosathandiza. Atate a mtsikanayu ndinazindikira kuti mnyamatayo palibe wazamalonda mtsempha. Chotero mpongozi sizigwira ntchito. ngakhale wabwino wothandizira mu sizigwira ntchito chifukwa cha wamasomphenya chachikulu ichi. Choncho, banja lonse mobisa kusiya usiku. Mwadzuka m'mawa, Sholem Aleichem, amene yonena mwadzidzidzi kupanga kupindika mowoneka Iye ndikupeza kuti nyumbayo yekha kwathunthu. Iye anazisiya mu otchuka malo malipiro ndi onse. Kodi kuona chikondi, osadziwika.

ukwati

Shalom si chaka chimodzi akuponda mwa Ukraine, sanabadwe anakopa athamangadi awo ankakonda kutali ndi kwawo. Iwo anakwatira ndi zofuna za makolo ake. Ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri apongozi anafa, ndipo banja achinyamata 1885 anali atagwa zochuluka yaikulu. An player wosadziwa pa Kiev ndi Odessa kuphana mu zaka zisanu mwamsanga anataya cholowa onse. Iye sanali bizinesi - losavuta Sholem Aleichem. mbiri yake, ngati premonition mpongozi, kupita njira zina.

kukhala wolemba

Mu 1888, Sholem Aleichem pa zotsala za ndalama zawo akuyamba kuchita zinthu yosindikiza. Kusindikizidwa zopereka amaoneka "Ayuda Library anthu". Iye anali kufunafuna talente Ayuda kudutsa Russian lalikulu nawapeza ali ku masitolo, mu shoemakers m'maofesi a maliro. Iye analipira malipiro kwambiri ndipo panali thandizo okalamba olemba. Iye anayamba kulemba ndi kufalitsa yokha. Kunja mabuku ake "Stepien" ndi "Iosel Nightingale." Ndipo mu 1894, iye amayamba latsopano mkulu buku "Tevye ndi wamkaka" mu moyo wake. Pang'onopang'ono anabadwa Sholem Aleichem - Jewish wolemba.

pogroms Ayuda

Mu zaka 1903-1905 wa banja wolembayo moyo olemera mu chindapusa zopeka mu Kiev. Ndi yaikulu, ali ndi ana asanu. Ndipo kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa dziko ndi funde lowopsya la pogroms odana ndi Ayuda. Anthu kuzunzika mpaka imfa, kuzunzidwa. anthu osalakwa kumenyedwa ndi miyala, mafosholo, nkhwangwa, raping amayi ndi atsikana. Thunder nyumba Ayuda, masitolo, anawononga chuma, kuwonongedwa m'sunagoge, anawononga mabuku opatulika. Ndipo apolisi ali chete, ngati kanthu zikuchitika, ndipo ngati wakwiya pang'onopang'ono. Panthawi imeneyi wolemba mwachangu analemba timabuku, satires ndi nkhani yochepa zoyenera zoopsa izi ( "Gold", "Shmulik" "Joseph"). Banja awa mantha wolemba limafika oyamba Switzerland ndiyeno United States. Choncho kumakhaladi woyendayenda Sholem Aleichem. Wambiri leafs tsamba latsopano.

kunja

koyamba kukhala mu "dziko la ufulu" chidzatsirizika bwino. Iwo touts ngati atolankhani Chiyuda, ndi mabuku American, kuyerekeza ndi Mark awiri. Koma mwamsanga anasiya. Sidzitengera chaka, suspend yosindikiza buku latsopano "Mnyamata Motl", ndi wolemba ndi banja lake kubwerera ku Russia.

dziko la kwawo

Ndalama m'banja, ndi Kafotokozedwe ndi kuwerenga mabuku ake dziko. Mu 1908, iye anayamba kudwala chifuwa chachikulu. Iye ali zaka 25 ntchito zolembalemba, iye Timayamikira ndiponso kukonda, ndi ntchito zake cashing ofalitsa.

tsoka banja. Ndipo Ayuda onse pa dziko akulera ndalama kugula ufulu kufalitsa mabuku ake. N'zotheka, ndipo iwo zimafalitsidwa kwa wolemba. Odwala wolemba anatumizidwa ku Germany kuti akalandire chithandizo. Kumeneko anapeza dziko nkhondo. Iye ndi banja lake anawatumiza ku Russia. Koma chifukwa cha maudani kubwerera n'zosatheka.

kachiwiri America

Apa iye tikatha zaka ziwiri imfa yake, poganiza kuti abwerere kwawo kuti m'manda pafupi ndi bambo ake Kiev. Iye ali adzukulu kukula. Bel Kaufman, amene analemba "Up pansi Masitepe oyendamo" - mdzukulu wake, amene anasiya zosangalatsa zambiri ofunda cha agogo ake. Mu 1916, ndi American kutali ndi kwawo kufa Sholem Aleichem. Wambiri, nkhani, zinatha. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti adzaikidwa m'manda pamsonkhano waukulu wa anthu pa manda ku New York. Ndipo mabuku ake amakhala ndi kuwerenga ndi opanda chidwi pasanathe nthawi imene analembedwa.