Ivan Bohun - Zaporizhia Army msilikaliyo. History of Ukraine

Kwa akazembe, amene anatsogolera mu zaka za m'ma XVII kulimba kwa Zaporizhzhya Cossacks motsutsa alowererepo Polish, wotchuka kwambiri msilikali Ivan Bohun. Pa nthawi yovuta imeneyi pa Mama wake anasonyeza osati monga patriot woona, komanso mtsogoleri mphatso asilikali, kutsogoza ntchito m'munda ndi chitetezo cha mizinda. Ambiri ntchito anatenga kulowa mbiri za mbiri ndi kukhala mtundu wa buku kwa atsogoleri m'tsogolo.

Childhood ndi unyamata zibisika mu mbiri

History sanasunge mudziwe poyang'ana za ubwana wake ndi zaka zoyambirira za moyo. Ngakhale tsiku lobadwa amadziwika pafupifupi yekha. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti m'tsogolo anabadwa msilikali mu 1618 mu Bratslav. Ngakhale dzina lake ndi kusamvetsetsana pakati ofufuza. Ena amaona kuti dzina lakuti, popeza mawu "Bohun" mu Chiyukireniya zikutanthauza mzati kwa kuyanika maukonde. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti achinyamata Ivan ankadutsa Bakuman Field - dera steppe pakati pa Dniester ndi Don.

Yambani kutumikira Mama

Oyambirira zopelekedwa umboni wa Ivan Bohun mfundo gawo lake mu chiwembu motsutsa Hetman olemekezeka, kutsogozedwa ndi mutu wa Zaporozhye Cossacks Yakobo Ostryanina. dzina lake komanso zogwirizana ndi yanthaŵi wotchuka ya kulimbana kwa ufulu wa dziko - Azov mpando. Patatha zaka zisanu (1637 - 1642) pamodzi ndi Cossacks Don Cossacks anakana Turkey asilikali a Sultan Ibrahim, kuzinga mzinda wa Azov. Mu ichi amunamuna chitetezo Cossack detachment molamulidwa ndi Bohun akutetezedwa kwa adani pamalo abwino zofunika m'dera - Borevskuyu Kuoloka kwa Seversky Donets.

Pamene 1648 anam'galukira motsogozedwa Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, chifukwa kulimbitsa wa Polish ang'onoang'ono chinyengo ndi mwayi kuchepetsa Cossack Ivan Bohun anali atsogoleri ake. Patapita chaka chimodzi, monga Vinnitsa wamkuluyo, iye anatsogolera zaka zingapo chitetezo asilikali Polish Vinnitsa ndi Bratslav. Apa, ndi mphamvu zapadera akuwonetseredwa utsogoleri talente yake kuti zinamupatsa, mothandizidwa ndi anthu wamba za mudzi, anapambana Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga chigonjetso.

Berestetskaya nkhondo ndi imene ikuchitika Moldova

Zomwe zinachitika wotsatira njira yake wanzeru asilikali anali nkhondo pakati pa asilikali a ku Zaporozhye Cossacks ndi mphamvu ya Commonwealth, chinachitika pa chiyambi cha June 1651 m'tauni ya Berestechko pa Styr Mtsinje. Pankhondo imeneyi, Cossacks, ogwirizana okhulupirika Chitata anagonjetsedwa, koma chifukwa cha Bohun anatha mokwanira kutuluka kwa chilengedwe ndi kupitiriza nkhondo. Anasankha atatsala pang'ono hetman ndi, anadziwika mtsogoleri anzeru ndi aluntha.

Mu 1653 ndi Cossack asilikali molamulidwa ndi Ivana Boguna ndi Timofeya Hmelnitskogo - mwana Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, anapanga ulendo wopita ku Moldova. Opaleshoni imeneyi inatha mu imfa ya mwana wa hetman la asilikali Zaporizhzhya Cossack ndi kugonjetsedwa. Kamodzi mavuto kwambiri, Bohun anakwanitsa mokwanira kuti mupewe asilikali ake kwa chilengedwe, ndipo kubulusa manungo a Timoteo. Mpaka mapeto a, 1654, anachita nawo yokopa anthu ambiri ndi asilikali wa Commonwealth, ndipo adalowa pamodzi nawo mu Union of Chitata asilikali. M'madera chachikulu cha ntchito asilikali nthawi imeneyo anali Bratslavshchina ndi Uman.

A kutsatira za ufulu wa asilikali Zaporizhzhya

Amadziwika kuti Ivan Bohun anali mdani woopsa wa kuyesa maganizo a ufulu ufulu Cossack. Zimenezi ndi mtima zake zoipa kwambiri kwa Bogdanom Hmelnitskim yosainidwa mu September 1651 Belotserkovskii dziko. Ndi kulowa mu mgwirizano umenewu ndi Poland, Cossacks Chiyukireniya hetman akumanidwa mwayi onse, opangidwa ndi iwo mu njira ya zipolowe mfuti 1648.

Pachifukwa chomwechi Bohun anali mdani ndi rapprochement ndi Moscow. Pamene 1654 Pereyaslavl anali ambiri anaganiza gawo kucheza, amene umayang'anira Zaporozhian khamu, ndi Russia, Vinnytsia Wapolisiyo sanapite ku nyumba yamalamulo ndiponso sanapereke pamodzi ndi lumbiro onse Russian Tsar. Pamene Bogdan Khmelnitsky anafa Bohun iliyonse chilimbikitso cha Hetman Ivana Vygovskogo ndi Yuriya Hmelnitskogo pantchito yawo kukhazikitsa ufulu wa Cossacks pothetsa mavuto mfundo zoweta ndi achilendo. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anadzudzula zoyesayesa zawo pa rapprochement ndi adani miyambo ya Cossacks - Poland ndi Turkey.

March pa Poland ndi chifukwa cha kulephera

Mu 1656 chidwi Cossack mapangidwe molamulidwa ndi hetman Anton Zhdanovicha anachita ambiri miyezi kuukira m'dera la Poland. Cholinga chake chinali kuthandiza Wallachian ndi asilikali Swedish, kutsogolera ntchito nkhondowo ndi mayunitsi a mfumu Polish. Mwa atsogoleri ena anali Ivan Bohun. Amaika mumsewu njira zawo ndi moto ndi lupanga, Cossacks anafika Kraków, Warsaw ndi Brest. Koma ndiye chinthu china chosayembekezeka: ndi Cossacks, pakumva kuti msonkhano chikuchitika popanda chilolezo cha Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, limene analumbira iwo anakana kupitiriza nkhondo. Chifukwa, zikwi asilikali m'chilimwe cha 1657 anabwerera ku Hetman.

Mdani Vygovskogo mgwirizano

Patapita zaka ziwiri panali chochitika kwambiri mwano kukonda kwambiri dziko lawo la Ivana Boguna. Mu September 1658, ku Gadyach pangano yosainidwa pakati pa hetman Ivanom Vygovskim ndi Poland. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, dera lonse la Zaporizhia Army amayenera kukhala mbali ya Commonwealth ufulu wa membala lachitatu la mgwirizano amgwirizano la Poland ndi Lithuania. Izi ndi zinthu zochititsa manyazi sanali kupeza mphamvu, ngati izo sizinali linalowa nawo m'Pangano ndi Polish Sejm.

Komabe, iye anayambitsa chiwembu anakweza Bohun ndi gulu lake ndi Vygovskogo. Chifukwa, wompereka zinthu dziko anagonjetsedwa ndipo anathawira ku Poland. Mofananamo, Vinnytsia msilikali anali kuima chitsutsire ndi Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu, analemba mu 1660 Slaboschensky lonena, infringes ufulu wa Cossacks.

asilikali ntchito likamalowa

Chaka chotsatira, kukhala wamkulu Bohun Duchy la Lithuania, ndi mu 1661, anabwerera kwawo, iye nawo pamodzi ndi Yuriem Hmelnitskim pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi atsogoleri awiri Russian - Gregory ndi Gregory Kosagova Ramodanovskogo. Mu nkhondo izi kupambana nkhondo akutembenukira kutali ndi iye. Zinthu zinafika poipa, mu nthawi yochepa anamangidwa Zitsulo.

Nditakhala nthawi m'ndende, linatulutsidwa ndi Mfumu, koma ndi chikhalidwe chimene iye adzagwira nawo ntchito zawo motsutsa Bank Kumanzere. Mu Yana Kazimira dongosolo chinali moto ndi lupanga kugonjetsa anthu onse ochokera Kiev ku Novgorod Seversky. Mwankhawa kumene ntchito imeneyi ya Ivan Bohun, koma kusankha iye sanatero.

Kutsutsa Zitsulo, ndi imfa

Mbiri ikusonyeza kuti kuyambira masiku oyambirira a Cossack wamkulu amayamba amavutitsa ku Poland, ndipo amayesetsa kusokoneza mapulani awo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, izo amateteza chiwonongeko cha mzinda, analanda pansi mayunitsi wake lamulo. Asilikali a Yana Kazimira analibe mphamvu zokwanira kulenga midzi ya asilikali mu madera wotanganidwa, chifukwa cha chiwembu unakhala okhala m'midzi ambiri otsala kumbuyo regiments patsogolo.

Pamene Commonwealth asilikali anazinga Glukhov, Ivan Bohun akha- kuti athandize anthu ake. Popeza kuti iye anali membala wa bungwe lankhondo la asilikali Polish, iye anadziwa tsatanetsatane wa mphepo akubwera, amene anapereka kwa zokometsera mumzindawo. Kuwonjezera zofunika ntchito, iye anatha anabwera kwa m'matangadza anazinga wa onga ndi mtima. madongosolo Ake m'gulu ngakhale anadabwa kuukira kuchokera kumbuyo kwa Zitsulo, pamene iwo ntchito kukachita nkhondo ndi mzindawo.

Koma, mwatsoka, pa zochita zake anadziwika kwa mfumu, amene analamula kumangidwa atangochimwa Bohun. Posachedwa msonkhano wa kumunda bwalo asilikali, amene alamulidwa ndi Cossack Wapolisiyo ndi angapo a anthu ake ku imfa. chiganizocho anaphedwa nthawi yomweyo. Izo zinachitika pa February 17, 1664. N'kufa asilikali Zaporizhzhya ngwazi Ivan Bohun, amene yonena ndi inextricably kumayambitsa nkhondo yolimbana ndi Hetman anagonjetsedwa Polish.

Ukraine wateteza kukumbukira mwana wake wolimba. Pambuyo zitasintha, Regiment, analamula Nikolai Shchors, dzina lake Bogunovskim. Iwo chikutchedwa Kiev usilikali Lyceum. M'mizinda yambiri ya Ukraine Ivan Bohun dzina lake misewu, ndi mu 2007, National Chiyukireniya banki anapereka ndalama ndi fano lake. Kukumbukira ngwazi ndipo anasunga mu apangidwe mu ulemu ndi wotchuka Chiyukireniya nyimbo wowerengeka.