Kumalo ozizira Kunakhala: The Red Book of Russia

Masiku ano m'dziko la pali zambiri mitundu ya nyama zofuna mwapadera chifukwa chakuti ali osowa, ndipo posachedwapa iwo akanatha kulimbana ikutha. ndi nyama monga zimbalangondo zalembedwa mu gulu ili. The Book Red lakonzedwa kusunga mbiri ya kawirikawiri ndi zatsala pang'ono kutha nyama zina masamba ake ndi odzipereka kwambiri kwa chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira.

Habitat kwa zimbalangondo

Mtundu wa nyama ndi chidwi n'chakuti oimira ake amakhala m'malo amene si abwino kwambiri kwa moyo. Tikuyankhula zokhudza kozizira, ndi nyengo yake nkhanza. Low kutentha, nyengo yaitali, usiku kumalo ozizira asakhale chiphinjo kwa chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira.

M'thambo la Ocean Arctic, ndi m'zilumba zake zopanda moyo, m'mphepete kumpoto kwa Europe ndi ku Asia ndi North America - malo kumene kumalo ozizira chimbalangondo moyo.
The Red Book, mainsaikulopediya zosiyanasiyana ndi zina zambiri, kupereka mfundo za nyama pofuna kusonyeza kusiyana ndi ofunika mitundu ina zimbalangondo kuti moyo padziko lapansili. Pa makhalidwe ena a nyama ngakhale mwachindunji dzina lake. Ku chinenero cha mitundu ina kapena magwero sayansi kuti nyama amatchedwa mosiyanasiyana - mwa nyanja, kumpoto, chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira.

kusanduka njira

Asayansi ankakhulupirira kuti chitukuko cha zimbalangondo woyera ndi zofiirira diverged pafupifupi zaka zana ndi makumi asanu zikwi zapitazo. Ndipo izo zinachitika ku malo a dzikoli, omwe ndi masiku Ireland. Koma kafukufuku wa posachedwapa anapanga kusintha maganizo amenewa. Lero sayansi imanena kuti kulekana kwa mitundu zinachitika kale - pa pafupifupi zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo. Pa nthawi yayitali iyi nyama zosiyana, osati zokhudza malo, zinthu kudyetsa, komanso wooneka bwino, ngakhale zinthu majini limasonyeza kuti nyama zimenezi kamodzi anali kholo limodzi.

General ndi N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti zimbalangondo zonse lero - izo analola Red Book. White chimbalangondo, zofiirira, Himalaya ndi mitundu ina nyama wapadera kufunika cha chitetezo chimene ndikhoza kungopereka munthu. Komabe, iye anali chifukwa chachikulu apitirira mu dziko.

Kuphunzira za chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira ndi abale ake akhoza kukhala mu masamba a mabuku ambiri omwe anayikidwa asayansi kafukufuku, nkhani za anthu omwe anakumana ku chikhalidwe ndi awa wapadera ndipo nthawi yomweyo nyama zoopsa kwambiri.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti si nthawi zonse chokumanako inatha bwinobwino, popanda kukumana ndi mavuto aakulu ngati ziwalo zake kukhala mwamuna ndi chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira. Red buku choncho anaonekera kuti nthawi zina anthu anayesa kuletsa ntchito ya mdani, namupha asanapange kuukira munthu kapena kwawo. Koma si zonse zimene anthu anali abwino kwambiri, ndipo pamapeto kunadzetsa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha toyesa kumalo ozizira chimbalangondo.

Maonekedwe ndi mbali ya kapangidwe thupi

Long khosi, kuphwa mutu - kusiyana waukulu pakati chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira pa bulauni mu dongosolo thupi. miyendo nyama ndi chipilala ngati maonekedwe. Mapazi ali lonse. Zimenezi zimathandiza zimbalangondo kuti adutsa chisanu kwambiri popanda likumira. Chifukwa kapangidwe wapadera phazi ndi chakuti iwo ataphimbidwa ndi ubweya, zimbalangondo mosavuta kusuntha padziko ayezi. Ngakhale kulemera yaikulu, iwo mosavuta hummocks mpaka mamita awiri.

Chimbalangondo khungu ndi wakuda, ndi khungu mtundu kuchokera woyera kuti chikasu. Izi tsitsi chimbalangondo ochekenera afika mu chirimwe, pamene pali kukhudzana pacimake ku dzuwa.

Mitundu ya zimbalangondo

Animal mitundu amene amakhala mu madera osiyana a m'gawo lalikulu Arctic, ndi kusiyana pakati pawo. Yaikulu kumalo ozizira zimbalangondo moyo pa zilumba za nyanja Bering. Anthu ena ndi kulemera pafupifupi 1,000 makilogalamu ndi kutalika thupi la mamita atatu.

Ambiri a mitundu analipo a zimbalangondo kufika 450 pogwiritsa pa msinkhu pafupifupi mamita awiri. Akazi ndi pang'ono kakang'ono kuposa amuna. kulemera ndi avareji ya pafupifupi 300 makilogalamu.

Svalbard - malo a kukula zing'onozing'ono oimira nyama zoopsa zimenezi, zomwe ndi zimbalangondo. The Red Book watenga amatetezedwa mitundu yonse alipo zimbalangondo tikukhala mu Arctic.

Anatengera moyo mu Arctic

Nkhawa kwambiri chifukwa khamu akutenga achisanu zipululu Red Book of Russia. Chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira imapezeka pa dera la Arctic, zomwe ndi wokwatibwa ndi boma la Russia. Komanso, zimbalangondo zimapezeka pa kumtunda kwa Europe ndi ku Asia m'dera la chipululu ayezi.

M'madera ena a Dziko Lapansi chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira sakhala. Pali milandu pamene nyama ali pa ayezi mu nyengo yofunda, ndipo anapereka vuto lalikulu iwo.

Monga nyama ndi ndinazolowera wotere wankhanza wa moyo mu Arctic? Choyamba, thupi yokutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. Kachiwiri, kapangidwe ka tsitsi la kumathandiza kuti adziwe za akuchedwa iwo, kupanga ubweya otentha. Chochititsa chidwi wosanjikiza mafuta Ikuonetsanso thupi nyama subcooling. Mu nthawi ovuta kwambiri pa chaka, wochindikala ndi khumi masentimita.

Woterowo kutchinjiriza zimbalangondo samuopa mkuntho kapena kwambiri madzi ozizira kapena achisanu wa nyanja ndi nyanja kumpoto. Kumalo ozizira zimbalangondo - osambira kwambiri. Pofunafuna nyama, akhoza kusambira mu tsiku makilomita 80. Zimenezi zimawathandiza yoteroyo wapadera kapangidwe pakati pa zala za amene Ngati a Bakha. Pamene n'kuyamba kusambira nthambi nyama ntchito ngati zipsepse.

ndi chakudya cha chimbalangondo kumpoto Kodi

Kumalo ozizira chimbalangondo - chilombo, kotero adya nyama kuti moyo pafupi naye. Kutengelana kusaka madzi ndi pa dziko. Ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono, monga Zisindikizo, mosavuta kusamalira chilombo mu madzi. Iye stuns wovulalayo mphamvu nkhonya ndipo chimakakamiza ake kumtunda ayezi.

Kusagwirizana ndi walrus chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira pansi pa mphamvu chabe pa dziko. Khungu la nyama imene yaphedwa ndi mafuta - azichitira waukulu mdani wa. Ngati palibe njala yadzaoneni, chimbalangondo nyama masamba bwinobwino, iwo kudya adani ang'onoang'ono.

The zifukwa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nyama

Aliyense, ngati iye amayesetsa kuphunzira za chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira, n'kovuta kupeza mfundo zimene chimbalangondo mmodzi moyo wake amatha kubereka zosaposa khumi ndi achinyamata. Pamene kudyetsa ana mosalephera imfa ya mnyamata - ndi mavuto a moyo wokha anamvera. Poyerekeza zimenezi awiri amaganiza kuti n'zotheka kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nyama yachibadwa.

Kuti izi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa mfundo za kusaka oletsedwa, chinthu chimene ayamba kumalo ozizira zimbalangondo. The Red Book dziko lathu ndi mayiko ena dziko kuyesera kuti kulepheretsanso kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nyama.

Nyama ya Red Book la Chitaganya cha Russian

Kumalo ozizira chimbalangondo, pamodzi ndi nyama zina ndi kukuteteza boma kuyambira 1956. Pa gawo la kusaka Russian kwathunthu choletsedwa. Ku maiko ngati Canada, United States, ndi zochepa.

Kwa anthu omwe akukhala mu kumpoto a Dziko Lapansi, akhala ankasakidwa zimbalangondo. The Red Book wa mayiko chidwi kuteteza anthu nyama, ayesa kusintha zinthu.

Nyama ndi khungu chimbalangondo, yemwe ankapita kuonongeka kwawo, mu dziko masiku ano chilipo kuti pali chakudya anthu, chuma ntchito zokongoletsa m'nyumba, zovala kupanga. Choncho, kupha zimbalangondo salinso ankamuona ngati kufunikira a. Iye anayenerera poaching ndi chilango mwa lamulo.

Chifukwa cha miyeso anatengedwa chinapulumutsa osowa nyama - chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira. Red Book Kufotokozera chiwerengero ndi mitundu ya anthu lofalitsidwa mu 1993. Ndi ino, kudziŵika osati ayambe anthu, komanso kuchuluka pang'ono chiwerengero cha nyama.