Kodi ndi chilumba cha Spitsbergen. Chilumba cha Svalbard mwini?

Chilumba cha Svalbard chopereka Russia kwambiri, mtundu wa "yadothi incognita" - m'dziko uncharted. Anthu ena zimawavuta kuyankha funso la mtundu wa gawo. Anthu ambiri akudziwa kuti Svalbard lili kwinakwake akutali kupitirira Arctic Circle ndi Russia lili ena bwino.

Kaya m'pofunika kuyerekeza chilumba chimenechi ndi Kurils? Tidzafotokoza funso pansipa. Ngakhale malo a "pafupifupi pa North Pole" popita Svalbard anthu ambiri akuwakonda. Kuti mudziwe pamene kupita chidutswa kumalo ozizira malo, kumene kukhala ndi zimene mukuona, ife pofotokoza m'nkhani ino.

Kodi chilumba cha Spitsbergen

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi Kusintha yaing'ono. chakuti tanthauzo la "chilumba" poyerekezera Svalbard adzakhala pachithunzichi. zilumbazi. Pali imodzi yokha ndi theka la ora ndege ku North Pole. Ndipo chifukwa malo lililonse - wosatha achisanu chipululu, Madzi oundana, kumalo ozizira zimbalangondo.

The zilumba, ndi malo okwana asanu ndi limodzi mphambu imodzi zikwi makilomita lalikulu, imakhala zilumba zitatu zazikulu, zisanu ndi ziwiri zazing'ono ndi ambiri ang'ono kwambiri. Ndithu anthu okhawo yaikulu - West Spitsbergen (37,673 Km ^2). Pali ndege imodzi yokha ndi likulu la dera, mzinda wa Longyearbyen.

Kuwonjezera izo, West Spitsbergen pali midzi: Barentsburg, NY-Alesund, Grumant ndi Piramidi. Otsiriza awiri tsopano anasiya. Pa zilumba zina (Dziko North-East, Kudera, Barents, White, Kongsøya, Wilhelm Svenskøya) anthu sakhala zoposa khumi, ndipo ngakhale ndiye yekha m'chilimwe. Anthu ambiri a zilumba lonse ndi anthu osakwana zikwi zitatu.

nyengo

Spitsbergen Island lagona Ocean Arctic pakati pa 76 mamita ndi 80 madigiri kumpoto kumpoto ndi 10 ° -32 ° wa longitude kum'mawa. Komabe, makonzedwe izi sizitanthauza kuti zilumba - olimba Arctic chipululu. Chifukwa Shpitsbergskomu mtsinje (a nthambi ya Gulf Stream) Nyanja kuchokera gombe saundana. The nyengo chilumbachi si aakulu monga mu malo ena pa ufulu chomwecho. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri kutentha January pano madigiri 11-15 pansi pa ziro. okha kuti +6 ° C atagona July thermometer.

Nyengo alendo pali awiri: kuchokera March kuti musapezeke mafani yozizira kusangalala ndi ndikufuna kuti agwirizane opweteka kumalo ozizira yozizira. Akuchikwera pa snowmobiles, kusirira magetsi kumpoto. Kuchokera June kuti August ndi zilumba anapita ndi omvera osiyana kwambiri. Alendo kusangalala tsiku kumalo ozizira, kayaking mwa namkholowa kuyang'ana zimbalangondo. Pali anthu amene amaona zilumbazi monga pasenjala m'munsi pa njira yopita ku North Pole.

chikhalidwe

Norwegians kuyitana chilumba cha Spitsbergen Svalbard, kutanthauza "achisanu m'mphepete." A wa ku Netherlands Barents dzina la zilumba si pa makhalidwe nyengo, ndi pakagwa - ". Zisonga Mountains" Mu chinenero cha anatulukira izi zikumveka ngati Spitz-Bergen. Pachimake apamwamba ndi Newton. Iwo lili West Spitsbergen. kutalika kwake ndi aakulu kwambiri - mamita 1712, koma udindo lawolawo la mapiri kumakhala ndi chipale anaphimba changati chimwalacho.

Mwa njira, kuwundana kuphimba oposa theka dera la zilumba lonse. Ngakhale m'chilimwe mungapeze zilumba chisanu. Coast m'zilumba tadulidwa, fjords ambiri. Zomera ndi zina mwa Titafika pamalo. Wakumana ndi birch nyenyezi yaing'ono, msondodzi kumalo ozizira, lichens ndi ndere. Ambiri nyama - chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira. Iwo amakhala pano monga nkhandwe ndi Svalbard mphalapala (a diminutive mitundu yonse kumpoto). Mbalame zambiri kuuluka nthawi yotentha. M'nyengo yozizira, pali kumalo ozizira partridge. Koma nyanja mozungulira gombe la Spitsbergen ndi lokhala ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana. Apa zimapezeka anamgumi walruses, beluga zinsomba ndi zisindikizo.

nkhani

Ambiri mwina, pa zilumba anapeza akale Scandinavia. M'mbiri ya 1194 anatchula malire a Svalbard. Pafupifupi m'zaka za m'ma XVII, Spitsbergen chilumba zinadziwika Pomerania. Anthu anamutcha Grumant. Dziko watsegula zilumba Dutch wofufuza William Barents mu 1596, ngakhale pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo anaonekera chilumba, anafika matchati dziko Oyera Russian.

Popeza Barents akufotokoza ndinawona madzi m'dera la zinsomba zazikulu, nathamangira kugombe la maboti angati nsomba. Posachedwa zonena zawo ku zilumba anayamba kusonyeza Denmark ndi UK. Mu zaka 60 za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, pali maulendo awiri sayansi zafikapo, bungwe ndi M. Lomonosov.

Ngakhale kuti Russian si anamanga mudzi, ena gombe-okhala kuno m'chilimwe nsomba. Pamene nyama zilumba akhala otsutsa otsika, chisumbu ali yakhala zaka zana. A uyenderere latsopano chidwi Svalbard anatuluka kumayambiriro kwa XIX-XX zaka, pamene anthu akufunitsitsa kukwaniritsa North Pole. Free ayezi madzi ndi nyengo ndi wofatsa wa chisumbucho ntchito Arctic ulendo. Svalbard wakhala yaikulu poyambira m'munsi.

Chilumba cha Svalbard: mwini?

Pamene zilumba wamphamvu madipoziti khala anapezeka chidwi mu Lost Isles mu Arctic Circle kamodzinso itakula. Koma mu 1920, funso umwini dziko boma ndi tinaganiza dziko. Mu Paris yosainidwa otchedwa Spitsbergen Pangano, chimene ulamuliro wa chilumbachi achoke Norway. Komabe, malinga ndi mgwirizano umenewu, magulu onse pangano (UK, US, France, Japan, Sweden, Italy, ndi Netherlands, ndipo kenako Soviet Union) wotetezedwa ndi ufulu kukhala mchere.

Kodi ndifunika chitupa cha visa chikapezeka kuti akaone zilumba?

Theoretically, palibe. Ndipotu, ziribe kanthu yemwe chilumba cha Spitsbergen, nzika za izi zonse mayiko signatories ndi ufulu kukaona zilumba. Komabe, mu kuchita, kulumikiza ku Svalbard mwachindunji ku Russia si mophweka. Only mu nyengo nthawi zina anatumiza hayala ndege, ndi mipando mu ndege zosungikira ofufuza kumalo ozizira kapena atumiki. Choncho, alendo ndi kuuluka kudzera Oslo (makampani SAS ndi "Norway Airlines"). Izi zimafuna angapo Schengen chitupa cha visa chikapezeka kulowa Norway. Mukhoza kukaona zilumba ndi mu njira ya sitima mwanaalirenji pa zapamadzi nyanja, "Kapitan Khlebnikov".

zokopa alendo

Akuluakulu Norway mofulumira kwambiri refocused chuma zilumba mu zikhalidwe za kucheperachepera anthu zinsomba ndi zimbalangondo, ndi kugwa mu mitengo malasha. Tsopano chidwi chachikulu ecotourism lapansi. watsopano malangizo. Padakali alendo zikwi ziwiri zokha chaka amabwera pachilumbachi ozizira. Musati amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha ntchito imeneyi ndi mtengo. Apa zonse zodula kuchokera ku chipinda hotelo (chophweka chuma Baibulo ndalama madola zana pa usiku) pamaso chakudya. Komabe, alendo olemera izi sasiya. Kukwera kwa oundana a, nyanja rafting, galu sledding, malasha yosonkhanitsa (a chilumbachi kwambiri) - onse ali pulogalamu mokakamizidwa.

Islands - udindo ufulu wochita malonda nthambi. Zikomo kwa iye, anthu a chilumbachi amakhala Norwegians olemera pa dziko lapansi. Pa ntchito anapita kukagwira kutetezedwa ndi chilumba cha Spitsbergen. Ntchito m'migodi ambiri anasiya ndipo n'kukhala Museum. Lekani kupanga khala yekha Anthuwa Russian. Ngakhale kupanga izi si yopindulitsa ndipo kuwathandiza ndi boma.

kumuyalutsa ndalama

Mu 1993, pa mwambo ndalama "Spitsbergen Island" anali zinapangidwa ndi khoti Moscow. Izo zimasonyeza chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira ndi mapu a chilumbachi. Monga ndalama kunali akuti "Russian Federation", Norway umenewu ndi kuukira m'gawo lake. Mzere zamtendere inathetsedwa kokha pamene ndalama anali kucheza ndi kufalitsidwa. Khalanibe pa manja a okhometsa ndalama ndi mu ankafuna mkulu.