Apologetics - izo ... Apologetics ndi Patristics

akale nzeru nthawi chimakwirira zaka khumi ku Ulaya (kuchokera V kuti XV). Zapakati nthanthi akhoza kugawidwa zina mu magawo atatu motsatizana: kupepesa, patristic, ankaonetsetsa.

Mbali yaikulu ya nzeru akale anali Theocentricism, ndipo iye anali potengera ziphunzitso za m'Baibulo. Malinga ndi anthu ambiri pa Ages Middle ndi "nthawi mdima" pamene sayansi European inatsala pang'ono mu chitukuko. Komabe, ilo linali kwenikweni? nkhani Nkhani za Ages Middle monga patristic ndi kupepesa, komanso owayimirira odziwika.

Apologetics ndi Patristics

Nzeru za Ages Middle zina mosapita amatchedwa "nzeru ya mawu akuti" monga nzeru ena a nthawi anali makamaka zikugwira kutanthauzira malemba achipembedzo. Yekha nthawi kumayambira m'ma V, ndi asayansi asonyeza izo kubwerera ku kugwa kwa wamphamvu Roma. APOLOGETICS patristika ndi - ndi monga nthawi yoyamba mu nzeru ya Ages Middle, zotsatirazi akutiakuti. Ndi za nthawi awa ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Apologetics - koyamba kwa nzeru akale, amene anauka poteteza Chikristu ndi maganizo mosavuta pa nthawi ya mfundo zachikunja. Kuikiradi aona maziko a chiphunzitso cha nzeru za Mkhristu.

Kenako pali patristic - chiphunzitso cha otchedwa "Abambo a Tchalitchi" imene zafotokozedwa mfundo zazikulu za nzeru ndi zachikhristu. Panthawi imeneyi machitidwe zovuta achipembedzo ndiponso zongoganizira yapangidwa.

Kodi mawu akuti "apologetics"

Kumasulira kwa "apologia" a chi Helene amatanthauza "chitetezo". Apologetics - ndi chitetezo cha Akhristu oyambirira ku chikunja. The kumbuyo wotchuka anali Justinian Martyr.

Mawu "apologetics" nthanthi anaonekera osati mwangozi. chakuti ntchito za Kumbuyo Chikhristu amanenela kupepesa. Kenako dzina imeneyi itadziwika ndi lonse nthawi zakale.

Ntchito yaikulu ya Kuikiradi oyambirira

Chitetezo cha Chikhristu ndi kutsatira ufulu amati chipembedzo chatsopano - izi ndi zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa lokha apologetics. Izi anasonyeza zolemba za mapepala, amene ayankhidwa Poyamba kuti oimira mphamvu - mafumu ndi akazembe. Mu zolemba zake, Kuikiradi kuti adayesetsa olamulira mu kukhulupirika kwa mafani wa chipembedzo chake chatsopano. Ambiri mwa ntchito zake, iwo atuma amuna opondereza, kotero kuti iwo kuwerenga iwo.

Mu nkhope ya kuvutitsidwa mobwerezabwereza a kumbali ya akuyesetsa kukwaniritsa kuzindikira chipembedzo chawo. Iwo anabwerera ndi kwa mafani wake, ndi Akristu oyambirira. Komabe, iwo kwambiri kulemba ndi lingaliro la exclusivity ndi kusankhidwa ndi kulimbikitsa kufera.

Kuikiradi woyamba ndi wachibale wawo nzeru

Kodi kuchitira apologetics Mkhristu ndi nthumwi zake nzeru ngati? Iyi ndi nkhani yaikulu kwambiri, yomwe ndi kumvetsa. Ambiri, ndi Dziwani Kuikiradi a nzeru m'malo ndi mantha ndi kudana ena. Lalikulu achikunja nzeru iwo Anapikisana ndi nzeru ya Mulungu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amalimbikitsa musati kukusalani N'zotheka kuti ena achikunja "amaika" zikomo nzeru ndi Chikhristu.

Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Kuikiradi kwenikweni sanali nzeru ngati zimenezi. M'malo mwake, iwo ali rhetoricians. Kutsutsana ndi anthu akunja ophunzirako savvy, iwo ankanena za Khristu pofuna kutsimikizira kuti zonse zabwino ndi wololera chikunja anali osaposa kusonyezedwa kwa Logos Khristu.

Kuthi Kuikiradi oyambirira anayamba kutuluka zaka zana lachiwiri. Pakati pa Kuikiradi wotchuka - Justin Martyr, Aristides, Tatian Asuri, Athenagoras, Quintus Tertullian ndi azamulungu zina, nzeru ena.

Martianus Aristide ku Athens

Choyamba Apology, lomwe wafika masiku athu, asayansi deti la chaka cha 125 AD. Ntchito imeneyi Marciana Aristide ku Athens, amene analembera kwa mfumu wa Roma Adrian (kapena Antonin Pia).

Kupepesa lemba Aristide limanena kuti dziko anayambika mphamvu extraneous, umene uli Mulungu. Tsopano Mulungu yekha - wangwiro, mumangire ndi malo. Pa nthawi yomweyo Aristide amaona n'kulakwa kuwerenga, Mulungu woona, ndi milungu yosiyanasiyana ya Agiriki, chifukwa iwo ali anthu zolakwa, koma chifukwa - ungwiro. Ndi chifukwa cha maganizo olakwika ponena za Mulungu, molingana ndi nzeru zapamwamba, pali nkhwidzi ndi nkhondo pakati pa anthu. Aristide amanena kuti Akhristu okha nako kumvetsa bwino za Mulungu akuyitana pa mitundu yonse kumulemekeza.

Justin Martyr wa Samaria

Popanda chiphunzitso cha Justin Martyr zovuta kuyerekeza nthawi ngati a nzeru monga apologetics. nzeru zapamwamba yoyendayenda ndi zaumulungu amene anakhalapo zaka 110-167. Iye anaphedwa ku Rome.

Kuyambira unakhalabe ntchito atatu: ". Kukambirana ndi Trypho Myuda" "Choyamba Apology", "Chachiwiri kupepesa" ndipo Philosophy, monga Justin, Umutu ndi njira imodzi zikutifikitsa Mulungu. Malinga ndi nkhani za Justin, anali msonkhano fateful ndi munthu wamkulu kwa iye amene anayamba kukambirana za Mulungu ndi moyo. Munthu wakale anauza Justin kuti zoonadi zonse angapezeke mu Chipangano Chakale ndi Chatsopano. Zinali pambuyo pokambirana lino, monga Justin anakhala nzeru za anthu.

Asuri Tatian ndi ntchito yake

Medieval apologetics anapereka dziko tchire china chapadera Asuri Tatian, amene anakhalako pafupifupi 120-175 BC zaka. Iye ankayenda kwambiri, koma pamene iye anafika ku Roma, anakhala wophunzira wa Justin Martyr (asanafe).

The ntchito yaikulu ya Tatiana - "Ndife ndi Agiriki", zinalembedwa chaka 166-171. Mu ntchito yake nzeru zapamwamba Siyanitsani nzeru za wakale chiphunzitso Mkhristu kumuyitana "nzeru yathu." Kwa adani ake Tatian anafotokoza monyansidwa kwambiri poganiza kuti "yokhotakhota chirichonse chimene iwo akufuna." Pachifukwa ichi, malinga ndi tchire, ndi akale ofufuza nzeru za kukangana kwambiri ndi mzake. Tatian wokanayo kuti Agriki anatulukira nzeru, akuzitcha "nzeru yathu" lokha, lomwe ndi kulemba amakezana. anthu ambiri anzeru, monga mwa Tatiana, chabe adasandulika malemba ndi chiphunzitso cha Mose ndi anamatetule ofanana.

Tertullian wa Carthage

apologetics Mkhristu sizingatheke popanda dzina. Mawu akuti "Ine ndikukhulupirira chifukwa chotheka» ( "credo quia absurdum") ndi ndemanga ya mpukutu wa ntchito wake. Tertullian anapanga mu Mpingo wa Katolika mfundo zambiri Latinized.

Tertullian sanagwirizane ndi ziphunzitso zachikunja, monga kuyenera mfundo zake za chikhulupiriro wangwiro, wopanda pretensions kuti intellectualism. Iye ndi wodziwika monga woyambitsa paradoxes mu chikhulupiriro aikidwa kuposa maganizo, ndi illogic wa mfundo iliyonse ayenera kulimbitsa chikhulupiriro munthuyo. "Ine ndikukhulupirira chifukwa chotheka ...."

St. Augustine ndi ziphunzitso zake

Yowala woimira patristic ndi St. Augustine, amene yathandiza kwambiri pa nzeru lonse akale. M'chiphunzitso chake iye anatha bwinobwino zimagwirizizirana Neo-Platonism ndi Chikhristu postulates. Pa mfundo imeneyi, chimachitira zoipa monga kusowa wabwino.

"Ine ndikukhulupirira kuti kumvetsetsa" - kuti ndi Mwambi yaikulu ya chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso Augustine. Popanda akusiya kudziwa zomveka, losakhulupirika la ulamuliro chopanda malire a chikhulupiriro. Chipulumutso chokha wa munthu, maganizo Avgustina Blazhennogo, ndi a mpingo wa Chikhristu. More chipangizo wazamulungu amaona moyo wa munthu, choncho litsimikizira kuti kumvetsera kwambiri, pamene kupondereza zosangalatsa chibadwidwe ndi zikhumbo.