Turkey bulu: chiwerengero ngalawa, zikuchokera ndi wamakono

Pamene iye anawomberedwa pansi ndi Turkey Air Force Russian Lamulungu 24 mu mlengalenga Suriya, woopsa chipwirikiti sizichitika mu dziko lathu. anayankha kuti chokwanira, ndi kuwatcha Turkey mlandu ndi kupepesa yomweyo, koma analephera nkhondo zosiyana - zachuma. Koma ngati Russia anaganiza "saber" chida, kaya chiyembekezo bwino nkhondo pa dziko ndi pa nyanja? Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza udindo wa Bulu la Turkey, ndipo anapanga makhalidwe poyerekeza. Kodi n'zotheka asilikali nkhondo pakati pa maiko awiri? Funso akatswiri ambiri tsopano kukambirana.

wamakono

Turkey bulu zikusintha mofulumira, kusiya kugwa kusonkhana zombo mphamvu imayenera, amatha kulankhula momasuka mu madzi a Bosporus ndi Dardanelles. Zombo, ku mbali yaikulu, zakunja komanso masiku ano, koma ndi zambiri - ndi brainchild ya sitima yake. Izi si mphamvu wofunikila wa asilikali Turkey, si lalikulu, osati olemera, koma Turkey mwanzeru kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zonse mosamala kugwira mayesero chitsimikizo.

okonza wabwino, sitima zamakono - ndi chitsimikizo cha viability pamene okwana wamakono wa Bulu la Turkey. M'zaka zikubwerazi akufuna lamulo Turkey Sinthani kapena m'malo ambiri maboti ndi sitima. Turkey bulu wamakono pulogalamu amapangidwa kuti pang'onopang'ono ndipo potsiriza anapereka kukana machitidwe sitima yachilendo. Kale, ntchito ndi co-ntchito, molumikizana ndi sitima yachilendo: sitimayo kutsogolera anasonkhana kunja ena chilolezo pa ku Turkey. Popeza yomanga ndi kuthi luso kunadetsa chipangizo zombo.

Chifukwa wamakono

Makampani shipbuilding m'dziko bwino anayamba ngakhale tsopano: za makumi sitima zamakono akugwira ntchito osati pa wamalonda yake zombo - opondapo, poyerekeza ndi bulu Turkey - komanso kumanga zombo kwa katundu. Mu dipatimenti makampani chitetezo analengeza mpikisano umene opambana adzakhala anayi okha sitima, umene udzakwaniritsa yomanga zombo kwa apanyanja. Turkey akuona kufunikira kwa bulu wamphamvu, monga amaona kuopseza osati kokha kuzungulira dziko lawo, koma malire nyanja.

Choyamba Turkey mantha - ndi Russia limene limabwezeretsa dera la mphamvu, ndi pafupi m'madera a kumpoto kwa Turkey zofuna yekha. Izi nkhondo kum'mwera, ndi atasemphana mbiri pakati kumadzulo ndi Greece, ndipo, ndithudi, kum'mawa - sizimadziwika kwathunthu Iran. Ndi kupatsidwa kuti nainte wa okwana malonda yachilendo buku la dziko zipangizo zoyendera apanyanja, n'zotheka kumvetsa chifukwa Turkey bulu Zombo ayenera kufotokoza. Amphamvu zombo zipangitsa chitetezo cha navigation ndipo amatha kupereka chitetezo malire, amene amapanga 8.300 kokha mwa nyanja kuphatikiza zilumba za Aegean.

kapangidwe

Turkey bulu ali lero anthu makumi asanu zikwi. Pa maziko a zombo pamwamba - ziwiya naintini kulondera, ndi mwa iwo frigates ku Germany (Meko 200) ndi US (Oliver Hazard Perry ndi Knox), asanu French corvettes. Komanso maroketi twente-faifi ndipo panopa maboti kulondera akhoza nawo ntchito m'mphepete mwa nyanja. zombo wanga wosakaza makamaka anagula kachiwiri mu France, Germany ndi United States.

Apa zombo amphibious ndi achikale, koma pang'ono awo. Sitima zankhondo koma fortini, ndi German onse. Chiwerengero cha zombo Turkey m'nyanja, pamene ife tikuwona, chidwi kwambiri. Kwa zombo panopa kuchititsa standardization zida, onani dongosolo kulamulira ena zipangizo sitimayo.

zida

Posacedwapa Turkey amayamba kupanga awo, popanda thandizo la mayiko ena. dongosolo nkhondowo, ndi torpedoes olemera ndi sonar kwa sitima zankhondo. Ngakhale kuti nkhani zambiri za wamakono wa Turkey Navy mpaka amadalira patrnorov yachilendo, tsopano zambiri kuika Turkey yosiya kukhala mtsogoleri m'chigawochi.

Russian Black Sea zombo sanayambe anadzipatsa ntchito kupikisana mu tonnage ndi anansi wapafupi kuwoloka nyanja, koma kukwaniritsa ntchito yake ngakhale limodzi ntchito-njira gulu la Russian yapamadzi, Kojima ndi BSF amatha ndi asilikali chitetezo amalowa ntchito ndi kupereka ndithu. BSF ali nazo ake zombo pamwamba imachitika pafupi ndi nyanja ndipo nyanja m'madera womenya m'madzi, odana ndi sitima zapamadzi ndi chida kumangopitirizabe ndege, sitima zankhondo dizilo, komanso mbali ya asilikali a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Russian Black Sea zombo

The flagship la zombo ndi chida cruiser "Moskva" (Project 1164), chida amadza ndi antiship zovuta "Volcano" ( "Basalt"). Mizinga ndi liwiro supersonic ndi kumumenya chandamale mu mwamtheradi paliponse m'dera Black Sea. Antiaircraft "Moscow" ntchito komanso amachita zonse, monga zovuta "Fort" - pafupifupi C-300, ndipo launchers ngati - eyiti, ndiye, iwo adzapereka sikisite anayi kugonjetsedwa kwa mipherezero imodzi. Ndipo pamene "Moscow" anayamba kulamulira mpweya kugombe la kumadzulo kwa Mediterranean ku Syria zitachitika ndi wathu Lamulungu 24 Turkey flights ndege asilikali kumeneko anasiya pomwepo ndi kwathunthu.

The asonyeza nkhondowo mayunitsi BSF - maboti chida "Sandstorm" cimene cilibe analogues kapena mofanana mphamvu panyanja ya Black Sea mayiko beseni. A kuphatikiza wapadera mabwato izi kudabwa nazo ndiponso maneuverability, nchifukwa chake ali pa mtima kumene nkhondo mphamvu m'kalasimo. Kufulumizitsa mofulumira, ndi zida zamphamvu za eyiti mivi odana sitima, odana ndi ndege ndi machitidwe zida zankhondo osiyanasiyana maboti izi chida bwinobwino kupereka ulamuliro pa woyendera nthambi apanyanja.

sitima zankhondo

The Black Sea Russian asilikali sitima zapamadzi komanso posachedwapa zimawoneka kubadwa mwatsopano. Project 636 sitima zankhondo ndi ambiri inconspicuous - "nyanja wakuda dzenje" mawu a akatswiri ochokera NATO. Bwinobwino ndi zachilengedwe maziko nyanja ndi kumumenya mipherezero pa osiyanasiyana, amene salola mdani kudziwa, ndi mtunda kuposa kudziwika zimenezi kangapo.

Ndipo okha sitima zankhondo latsopano kalasi pa Nyanja Black zinayi. Mu sitima zankhondo za gulu ili ( "Warszawianka") zida zamphamvu - waika sikisi khumi kapena makumi awiri ndi anayi torpedoes, mabomba, komanso mabomba zimafika "likungosonyeza", amene wawononga ndi mipherezero pansi, monga taonera mu ntchito Siriya. Kusinthidwa pa Black Sea zombo ndi panyanja ndege, wodzazidwa ndi latsopano Lamulungu-30cm, ndi kufotokoza makhalidwe ankhondo a makina sikokwanira kwa zida lalikulu la mawu otamanda. Zonsezi pamwambapa zikusonyeza kuti zolosera kutsutsidwa kwa Bulu la Turkey ndi Russia poyerekeza ndi bwino motikomera.

Akuyandama "yachiwiri dzanja" ndi kusinthidwa

Turkey ndi bwino kuti zinthu pa malire apanyanja chiyenera kulimbitsidwa, koma chifukwa payenera yaitali akulimbikira kuyesera kulenga warship kwathunthu, ngakhale ngati kamangidwe anaitenga ku Germany, ndipo zida za ku America. Koma Corvettes watsopano pa sitima Turkey ndi tikukonza, anakonza ngakhale chinthu Turkey zopangidwa wowonongayo, ndi mwayi mlingo European kapena American. Ngakhale pali yokhudza ntchito yomanga ankafika ndege onyamula, monga "Mistral".

Kuti ndi wosangalala mu mbali Turkey akadali amakani ndi kulimbikitsa Russia a Black Sea zombo Turkey utsogoleri ndi oipa kwambiri. Makamaka chifukwa chakuti pali kudzidalira gulu okuta dziwe lodzaza Nyanja Black Crimea. More kwambiri ndi utsogoleri dziko kuti squadron Russian zitakhazikika ndipo Nyanja Mediterranean. Achipongwe Turkey, chifukwa posachedwapa kwambiri anali m'dera lino kwambiri.

vulnerabilities

Today Turkey ndiye kuti akusemphana ndi pafupifupi onse anansi ake, ngakhale Aisiraeli unasiya kukhala anali ofanana ndi, makamaka chifukwa chakuti akagonana dziko ndi Syria anayamba. Ndipo kusagwirizana ndi Russia - ichi ndi mavuto ambiri sizimadziwika. Chinthu chokha chimene Turkey zingatenge chikutanthauza - kupanga abwenzi ndi Russia ndi Ukraine, koma chitonthozo ndi aliyense adzatenga mu malo oyamba - m'gulu la asilikali Turkey.

Chirasha Turkey nkhondo zachitika mofulumira kwambiri, koma mwachangu anali chimatha - ndipo popanda nkhondo. Komabe, odziŵa za zochitika zosaneneka kale: Straits anatseka misewu, kutchinga Russian zombo gombe la Syria, monga taonera mu Zochita la Turkey mu Nyanja ya Marmara, ndipo kenako nomination mwa sitima zankhondo za ku chitsogozo cha cruiser "Moskva", wauka kusagwirizana pakati pa maiko awiri pafupifupi pazipita lapansi. Inu akhoza kukambirana za khalidwe posachedwapa wa Turkey yapamadzi, chithunzi-uthenga mokwanira lonse.

mwalamulo

Kuyenera anatsindika kuti alipo m'mavuto Turkey alibe ufulu mwamsanga 1936, linalowa nawo m'Pangano msonkhano m'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo Turkey chomwecho. Ulamuliro pa m'mavuto wa Dardanelles ndi Bosphorus sizikuta- nthauza popanda atchedwe nkhondo kuti asalalikire kayendedwe ka fleets mayiko ena.