Global chitukuko ukonde kapena amene anatulukira Internet?

Mu 50s dziko linali zilakolako chachikulu za nkhondo zotheka ndi USSR. America ankaoneka invulnerable chifukwa malo Hrs, izo zakhala amaganiza kwambiri zokhuza kuthekera ongolankhula kumenyana. Mbali imodzi yaikulu ya lamulo asilikali ndi a sayansi anali kulenga Intaneti kwa nzeru zambiri pakati mayunitsi ndi mayunitsi asilikali, mwa mawu a mabomba okwana.

Chifukwa cha mavuto amenewa ataphunzitsidwa pa maziko contractual ndi Unduna wa za chitetezo ku mabungwe anayi kutsogolera m'munda umenewu. Tsatirani funso - "Ndani anatulukira Internet" - muyenera kulongosola bwino zimene akutanthauza. Ngati ife kulankhula za kholo la Internet monga ukonde padziko lonse, tinganene kuti adayambitsa mayunivesite atatu (California, Utah, California) ndi Center Research mu Stenforte. Zinali iwo amene atalenga "miniGlobalnuyu maukonde" - ARPANET mu 1957. Cholinga cha izo zinali pa nthawi - kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ndi mabungwe awa kafukufuku.

Pakupita kumbuyo pang'ono kuchokera maukonde, m'pofunika kuona ndi amene anatulukira kompyuta loyamba? Ndipotu, maukonde pa nthawi imeneyo kunali mix mawaya heavy-ntchito, okwerera kompyuta (anali miyeso yaikulu). Mu 1946, ENIAC kampani umabala loyamba kompyuta kompyuta njira dziko. Kumene, PC wanu lero zimasiyana kwambiri EMU, koma asafike pafupi. Mu April 1964, IBM ali anamasulidwa ndi PC a siriyo (adakali chidwi kukula) - System 60. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti ku mfundo ya zamalamulo view, ndi setifiketi loyamba kwa "konsekonse" zinachitika kompyuta chidatengedwa ndi zatsopano za "intellektora" kuchokera Omsk Gorokhov .

Tsopano chithunzi ndi momveka kwambiri ndi kuyankha funso - "Ndani anatulukira Internet" kungakhale tiyerekeze. September 1969 - University of California (Los Angeles) pali yoyamba m'mbiri ya makina. makina wakhala anavomereza ndi Honeywell ndipo anali akuti DP-516. Tsopano ogwiritsa "osankhika" adzatha kulenga ndi kukhalabe Nawonso achichepere centralized. Inde, yesani kulingalira pano padziko lonse ukonde wa maseva mfulu - izo zokha tumizani makasitomala, zinthu zathu ndi malo mtsinje.

Mu October chaka chomwecho mu ofesi ya California Univ amafuna popereka pa mzere anapangidwa. Pundits ngati pa kompyuta wina yunivesite kusindikiza mawu "malowedwe". Ndipo ngakhale iwo anachita izo si koyamba, iwo anachita. Ngati ife kulankhula limene anatulukira Internet pa mzere, ndi kuti tsiku. ntchito masiku ano utumiki zovuta kulingalira osati pa intaneti. Wosuta asokoneza, ayenera pano. Ndiye nzeru kwambiri a dziko nkomwe chinachitika.

Koma ndi chiyani icho monga ku Internet pa nthawi imeneyo? Tsopano si funso zogwirizana, "amene anatulukira Internet?" - "zimene zinali mmenemo?". Ndipo sanali kwambiri. Masiku ano, monga Intaneti si chidwi wosuta wamba. Koma anthu aona malingaliro ndi kumvetsetsa kuti zonse anakulirakulirabe. Only mu 1971 panali zinachitika pa pulogalamu yamakono kutumiza imelo. Anthu nthawi yomweyo anayamikira ndipo anayamba kuchita maukonde izi.

The ARPANET anatuluka mu 1973 pa mlingo padziko lonse. Chaka chino, kugwirizana woyamba wa makompyuta mu UK ndi Norway. Izi zidatheka pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe Trans-Atlantic kwa matelefoni. Internet losandulizika. Chinayamba makasitomala imelo (chilengedwe cha mndandanda yamakalata), pali zolengeza matabwa ndi prototypes a amakhala uthenga. Amalonda pomwepo anazindikira kuti ndi mgodi wa golide, ndipo anayamba osati chidwi chodabwitsa latsopano, komanso kuti aganyali nazo.

Koma ARPANET sanakhalitse zina yaitali pa n'kukhutira. Mu 1984, anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira - NSFNet. Mlatho kamodzi gulu Intaneti yunivesite nawonso anayamba anthu ambiri. ndiAmene ake - US NSF, ndinaganiza kuti anapezerapo mwayi ndipo taonani pamene mukupanga akulandira kuzindikira lonse. Mu 1988, pali zofanana macheza ano. Anthu akuneneratu zam'tsogolo dzina "Internet". Koma kubwerera ku mpikisano. Internet ndi The World Lonse Web - ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana. Koma tsopano si za izo. Anthu zinali yabwino, mawu akuti "Internet", kotero mutu wa kulimbana ndi.

maukonde tsopano akufunsa funso "Ndani anatulukira Internet?" Mungapeze dzina la Tim Berners-Lee. Izi si cholakwa, iyi kachiwiri mfundo wachibale wa view. Mu 1989, chapadera ESYAI mapulogalamu anayambitsa maganizo "danga wamba". Patapita zaka zingapo iye adzagonjera HTTP dziko, potengera zomwe analenga HTML. Izi alipidwa gulu ndi wam'mbuyomu url. Mwina maonekedwe a muyezo zowombetsa mkota, amene amalola kuti kusintha, ndipo layering (wotembenuka) ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana zopezera, ndipo tiyenera kuziganizira la kubadwa kwa "Internet wabwinobwino".

Mu 90 chaka TH wa ARPANET idaleka kwathunthu kugwira ntchito, kupereka n'kukhutira NSFNet. N'chiyani chinathandiza ichi - zovuta kumvetsa. Koma mbiri limasonyezanso mphindi chidwi. Tionenso yoyamba kuitana pa maukonde chaka chino. Mu 1991, pali yoyamba osatsegula "Mose" pa kampani NCSA. Tsopano Internet si angakwanitse, komanso zomveka aliyense. Mbiri ya osatsegula mukudziwira; Mulimonsemo - ndi nkhani osiyana. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kutchuka kwambiri moti kufunika kugwirizana kompyuta kwa World Lonse Web analibe ngakhale anapita kulankhula.

Tikaonanso zinsinsi za makampani ndi malonda awo, ndi Dziwani kuti NSFNet analowa academia ndi kwathunthu m'manja mwa zopezera wosamalira dera. The Internet wakhala yoyenera nauni, ndi matabwa ake oikidwa ndi dera.

Tsopano, Internet - ndi dongosolo mudziwe, amene angathe pafupifupi moyo paokha.