Kodi inu mukudziwa chimene truffle?

Izi bowa chodabwitsa anamva ambiri. Tikudziwa kuti bowa ichi chimakula penapake pansi, ndipo popanda thandizo la ogwira zinayi miyendo (nkhumba kapena agalu) kuli kovuta kupeza. Mwina nzeru zathu ikutha. Nanga ndi truffle? ndi mitundu iti? Kodi iye bwino?

A pang'ono zokhudza truffles

Truffles a mtundu wa marsupials bowa, ndi tuberous mobisa matupi fruiting. The abale ogwirizana truffles ndi morels.

Truffles zambiri zopezeka m'nkhalango deciduous. Mycelium truffle (mycelium) ndipamene ndi mizu ya zomera, imene ikukula, khola kucheza ndi matanthauzo otchedwa mycorrhizal. Okwana pali mitundu inayi ya truffles, amene kukula mu madera osiyana a dziko, mtundu uliwonse wa zamoyo wakonda ngati nkhuni. Nthawi zina amatchedwa truffles, bowa ndi matupi ofanana fruiting, zomwe kudyedwa, koma ndi ofunika kwambiri m'munsi kuposa chinthu chenicheni. Palinso inedible anthu amaona truffle - nswala kuti kudya gwape ndi ena makoswe.

Mwa njira, munthu sangathe kupeza malo ndi truffle. Bowa (amene kumawonjezera chakudya chokoma nkhalango, zingadziŵike nyama okha) ali ndi fungo yeniyeni. Kawirikawiri cholinga zikukhudza agalu ndi nkhumba ophunzitsidwa mwapadera.

Pa kuti akufanana kukoma truffles? Kumasiyana Motani ndi Njira ku bowa mwachizolowezi? truffle Izi ndi zovuta zake wapadera amakambirana ndi kukoma. Izo akufanana onse kwambiri mbewuzo mpendadzuwa, ndi walnuts, zipatso, Moss, wagwa masamba - ndicho chimene truffle. Madzi, komwe mukufuna kuvala pamene truffle zimakhala zofanana ndi msuzi soya.

Pamene mbiri yakale amati, kuti ndi truffle monga zipatso zake ndi kudya, izo anali wodziwika kwa Sumerians wakale. Ku Girisi ndi Roma, bowa izi zimachitika mankhwala, ndi asayansi akale ndi amatsenga, icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zolinga za ufiti. Koma kutchuka kwambiri analandira mu ulamuliro wa Louis XIV. Tinali komanso mu Russia truffles pambuyo 1812 nkhondo , ndi

Mitundu ya truffles kukula mu Europe

Ku Ulaya, pali mitundu zotsatirazi truffles:

• Chilimwe (amatchedwanso wakuda Russian) truffle. Iwo ali tuberous kapena anamaliza zipatso thupi bulauni-wakuda kapena buluu wakuda mtundu. Kawirikawiri limakula pansi mizu ya birch, thundu, hornbeam, mumamera. Kugawira pafupifupi lonse Europe ku Scandinavia (kuphatikizapo mu Russian). Osati wofunika kwambiri ngati mitundu ina truffles, komanso ankaona kuti ndi chakudya chokoma.
• Zima truffle. chigoba chake (peridium) ataphimbidwa ndi dongosolo polygonal kapena chithokomiro. bowa ali ofiirira kapena wakuda. Kumachitika makamaka Italy, France ndi Switzerland. Fungo amatikumbutsa musk.
• Chitaliyana truffle. Ngakhale dzina lake, iwo anapezeka ku France ndi maiko ena a ku Ulaya. zipatso utoto mu ocher kuwala kapena brownish mtundu. Iwo ali osangalatsa zokometsera fungo, ndi kulawa monga adyo tchizi. Aliyense ntchito mu mawonekedwe ake yaiwisi.
• Black (amatchedwanso m'dera Perigord wa mbiri French) truffle. Bowa, mtengo umene uli 1000 € pa kilogalamu, ali ndi mtundu ku pabuka-zofiirira ndi wakuda ndi chibakuwa. Zisanawonongeke monga kuphika ndi uncooked monga zokometsera a.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, truffles akhoza kukhala wamkulu, ngakhale mochuluka monga Mwachitsanzo, bowa. Ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma XIX anazindikira kuti ngati nthaka kudzala zipatso zokwana ndi thundu umene truffles kukula, izo ndi bowa zakudya chidzakula pansi mizu ya mtengo watsopano. Mu France, kumene iwo kudziwa bwino zimene ndi truffle, kamodzi mitengo anakwiriridwa ndi 750 Km ^2, zimene zinali zotheka kukolola matani 1,000 wa zakudya izi. Mwatsoka, ndondomeko imeneyi ndi yaitali kwambiri. Pamafunika zaka pafupifupi 30 kuti mbewu zonse, ndi kuchuluka anasonkhana truffles imagwera zikuchepa.