Dissociation magetsi: maziko ongolankhula wa electrochemistry

Zamagetsi dissociation n'chofunikira yaikulu mu moyo wathu, ngakhale ife samasankha kuganiza za izo. Kuti zodabwitsazi chikukhudzana madutsidwe salt, zidulo ndi zapansi mu sing'anga madzi. Popeza kayimbidwe koyamba mtima chifukwa cha "moyo" ndi magetsi thupi, peresenti makumi asanu ndi atatu chomwe madzimadzi, magalimoto, mafoni ndi osewera batire rechargeable kuti tinabadwa mabatire electrochemical, - kulikonse padziko ife mosawoneka magetsi dissociation.

Chimphona exhaling wonunkha evaporation oponderamo osungunula pa kutentha, bauxite electrolysis njira imapereka "mapiko" zitsulo - zotayidwa. zinthu zonse padziko ife, kuchokera Chrome-yokutidwa Redieta pamabisa ndolo m'makutu anu munachitapo ndi njira kapena salt osungunula, motero chodabwitsa. Osati chabe dissociation magetsi anaphunzira nthambi lonse la sayansi - electrochemistry.

Pa kuvunda kwa zosungunulira madzi-mamolekyulu kulowa mankhwala ubale ndi mamolekyulu wa solute, chimene chinapanga solvates. The amadzimadzi njira kwambiri atengeke dissociation a mchere, zidulo ndi zapansi. Chifukwa cha ndondomeko iyi solute molekyulu akhoza dissociate mu ayoni. Mwachitsanzo, zosungunulira amadzimadzi mchikakamizo cha ayoni a Na ⁺ ndipo CI ^{- omwe} amaayoni NaCI galasi chimaposa mu sing'anga zosungunulira kale mu yatsopano solvated (hydrated) particles.

zodabwitsazi amaimira kwenikweni ndi ndondomeko kutha wathunthu kapena tsankho wa chinthu kusungunuka mu ayoni chifukwa cha kukhudzana kwa zosungunulira, ndipo amatchedwa "magetsi dissociation." Zimenezi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa electrochemistry. Chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti dissociation a dongosolo zovuta multicomponent amakhala ndi pakutchulidwa wa sitepe. Pamene zodabwitsazi ndi anaonanso kuwonjezeka lakuthwa chiwerengero cha ayoni mu njira, umene uli wosiyana electroless electrolytic mankhwala.

Pa electrolysis ayoni ndi malangizo omveka bwino za kayendedwe: particles ndi mlandu zabwino (cations) - kwa elekitirodi zoipa mlandu, wotchedwa cathode ndi ayoni zabwino (anions) - kwa anode elekitirodi mlandu anyamata, kumene anamasulidwako. Cations ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi oxidized anions. Choncho, dissociation ndi kusintha.

Umodzi wa mikhalidwe yofunika ya ndondomekoyi electrochemical ndi digiri ya dissociation electrolytic, amene anasonyeza mwa chiŵerengero particles hydrated kuti chiwerengero cha mamolekyulu kusungunuka mankhwala. The apamwamba zigoli, m'pamenenso ichi ndi amphamvu electrolyte mankhwala. Pa mfundo imeneyi, zinthu zonse anawagawa, mphamvu ofooka sing'anga ndi electrolytes amphamvu.

Mlingo wa dissociation kumatengera zifukwa zotsatirazi: a) chikhalidwe cha solute ya; b) chikhalidwe cha zosungunulira wa chake zonse dielectric ndi polarity; c) ndende ya njira (m'munsi zigoli kwambiri, mlingo wa dissociation); g) Kutentha kwa nchito yanyumba sing'anga. Mwachitsanzo, dissociation wa asidi acetic tingasonyezere ndi chilinganizo zotsatirazi:

CH ₃ COOH ⁺ H + CH ₃ COO ^-

electrolytes wolimba dissociated pafupifupi irreversibly chifukwa njira zawo amadzimadzi sakhala unhydrated kuyambira mamolekyulu ndi ayoni. Tiyeneranso ananenanso kuti ndondomeko dissociation zimakhudza zinthu zonse kukhala ndi amaayoni ndi covalent mtundu kumalo ozizira kumangidwa mankhwala. Chiphunzitso cha dissociation electrolytic anakonza wotchuka Swedish sayansi ndi wasayansi Svante Arrhenius mu 1887.