Ballistic chida "Sineva": makhalidwe ndi malongosoledwe

M'nthawi ya 19, ulendo woyamba kuika mivi pa sitima zankhondo Atengedwa. Ganizo wa injiniya Russian K. A. Shilderu. Malinga ntchito pa Alexandrovsky foundry mu March 1834 linamangidwa "roketi" sitima zapamadzi. Koma konse Analeredwa ndi Russian Imperial apanyanja. Komabe, lingaliro mopereka mivi covertly sitima zapamadzi anayamba kupanga mu chitukuko cha akatswiri ena a asilikali. Chochititsa chidwi kwa mfundo imeneyi ya chida "Sineva".

M'madzi chida kubwezera

III Ulamuliro wa Nazi anayesanso kukhazikitsa mfundo za kukulozani mivi kuchokera sitima zapamadzi ndi kuchita. Choncho, pakati pa Peenemunde m'chilimwe cha 1942. U-511 sitima zapamadzi anatembenuzidwa kwa cholinga ichi. Kuti izi pamapeto, roketi - migodi zachiwawa likungosonyeza 280 mamilimita ndi 210 mm - akhala kuimaliza kukonza.

Ankachititsanso yopimira imene kuwombera zinachitikadi pa kuya kwa pakati pa 9 ndi 15 mamita. Pankhaniyi, osiyanasiyana pazipita chida anali mkati 4 Km.

Kuwombera zotsatira zinali bwino kwambiri moti mu lipoti mayeso ali anasonyeza kuti n'zotheka kutsatira kuponya covert ndi sitima zankhondo German pa gombe American.

The "Wave"

Pamene ntchito kukulozani mivi kuchokera sitima zankhondo ayenera kumwedwa nkhani zikuluzikulu ambiri. Njirazi ndi monga:

• rocketry;
• m'madzi shipbuilding;
• Kukhazikitsa mivi;
• kulamulira mu ndege.

zobetchera izi polojekiti walandira malamulo "Wave" ndipo mu October 1948 injiniya V. Ganin amene anaperekedwa satifiketi ndi zatsopano a. Iwo amatchuka luso kukhazikitsa mivi kuchokera m'malo osiyanasiyana:

• yopingasa,
• ofukula
• otsamira.

Maziko mivi yonse anakhala yoyamba ntchito-mwatsatanetsatane P-11. Iye anali ndi ubwino:

• Ndinakumana ndi boma kukhuta;
• ang'onoang'ono kukula;
• ntchito ngati zigawo zikuluzikulu oxidizing wothandizila zochokera asidi nitric.

Zonsezi zathandiza kuti wosalira ntchito za zida zimenezi.

M'madzi chiyambi, imene R-21 panayikidwa roketi madzi zinachitika mu USSR. Izo zinali mu m'ma 1960. Pankhaniyi, kuyamba ndi mizinga sitima zapamadzi zidatheka ndi kuya m'madzi mamita 40 mpaka 50.

"Sineva"

Nyamayi mbali yapadera limagwirira P-29RM, amene amadziwika ngati chida ballistic "The buluu".

Ndi kusiya zochimwazo kumathetsa mavuto angapo:

• Inde kudzudzulidwa pa chizindikiro cha makina;
• ndege njira anasintha malingana mtunda;
• luso amangosankha perekani zokwana zolinga zosiyana;
• kugwiritsa ntchito zida kozizira.

Kutheka kwa moto ku North Pole wasonyeza mu September 2006 chida onyamula "Yekaterinburg". chida "Sineva" anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyambi-mmwamba.

Sitima zapamadzi "Tula"

Ganizo kuwayika mivi losatha pa sitima zankhondo wakhala akuyendera kwathunthu pa sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya "Tula".

Kuti chida anaika "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2), kuchokera June 2000 kuti April 21, 2004 "Tula" anatenga wamakono kwambiri, amene anathandiza kuonjezera sitima zapamadzi chozemba. Izo zinali bwino zida zamagetsi. Komanso kuchuluka dongosolo chombo survivability, womwenso chitetezo nyukiliya.

"Tula" ali m'madzi liwiro mfundo 24 (44 km / hr) pa pazipita kumiza akuya mamita 650. The navigation yoyenda yokha, zingakhale masiku 90 ndi gulu la anthu 140.

Armament sitima zapamadzi kwambiri olimba. Kuwonjezera ballistic chida "Sineva" (P-29 RMU2) ndi 16 launchers kwa sitima zapamadzi okonzeka ndi machubu oponya. Komanso pa bolodi ndi MANPADS "Igla-1" (9K310).

Kuti ndi lingaliro la kutalika kwa kalasi sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya "Tula" akamatchula akhale ndi akadali kutalika kwambiri (pa kapangidwe waterline) - mamita 167,4! Kutalika kwa bwalo lampira, mwachitsanzo, mamita 120.

Pambuyo kukulitsa sitima zankhondo zam'madzi "Tula" wachita chida Launch "Sineva" mu Nyanja Barents pa mipherezero mu kunyanja Pacific. Pambuyo kugonjetsa mipherezero Km 11.547 anali bwinobwino kugunda.

Features "Sineva"

Atatu gawo mzinga, popangidwa ndi dera losindikizidwa imene magawo imakonzedwa sequentially. Boosters "anamira" mu LRE akasinja umodzi kuphatikiza msonkhano umene thanki-zogawana dongosolo.

Pamene chida kulemera kwa 40,3 mamita kutalika mamita 14,8. Kulemba mu kutsinde kuyambira PL awiri kusanduka 1,9 m, misa okha chofunikira wofanana 2.8 m.

Imodzi mwa mbali ya roketi ndi mutu waukulu gawo, yomwe imakhala ndi midadada anayi ndi khumi. Motero, aliyense wa iwo ali ndi chiongoko payekha.

Ngati mivi ntchito ku nkhondo sanali nyukiliya, mutu gawo okonzeka ndi mkulu zachiwawa kugawikana warhead kudzazidwa, amene amalemera pafupifupi 2 matani. kachitidwe ndi wosiyana Mbali - mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane chiwonongeko cha mipherezero.

Chida "Sineva" makhalidwe amene tikambirana akhoza okonzeka ndi nyukiliya warhead ultrasmall kukula ( TNT ofanana matani 50). Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti ntchito kunyanyala opaleshoni m'dera anapatsidwa.

"Zipangizo" yowotcha osiyanasiyana

Intercontinental chida "The buluu" m'gulu mizinga D-9RM. Zida ndi sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya 667BRDM ntchito (NATO gulu Delta-IV).

Lenilenilo zovuta anatenga promvooruzhenie mu 1986. Koma kuyambira mu 1996 mpaka 1999, nkhani ya mivi ndinayima. Ndipo mu 1999 kupangidwa inayambanso kachiwiri mu Baibulo modernized.

Ndi kusintha osiyanasiyana zida za "Sineva" kuposa zizindikiro kachitidwe US a kalasi ( "mikondo ya mano atatu-2"), zomwe Angakugonjetseni chotchinga makilomita 11 chikwi. kusungitsa patali alibe chilichonse chida chimodzi mu dziko.

Pa nthawi yomweyo anavomereza mwalamulo kuti uthunthu "Sineva" ndi 8300 Km. Popeza pamene maboti zinalengedwa chida imalankhula buluu?

Mkulu Wolamulira wa Russian Navy Vladimir Vysotsky anauzidwa kuti mivi kusinthidwa zida sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya opaleshoni nkhondowo ntchito m'nyanja. 7 zokha za ntchito chida anali akamagwira Russian apanyanja.

"Bulava"

Intercontinental ballistic chida "Bulava" akuyenera akonzekeretse mtundu sitima zapamadzi "Northwind" komwe kamapezeka 12 chida nkhokwezi.

dongosolo la ntchito yovomerezeka ndi nthaka ofotokoza chida maofesi "Topol-M". Pankhaniyi, "Bulava" ndi utali wozungulira ndege ukufika 8000 Km, pa yolemera matani 36,8 nkhondo. Iwo analongosola nyukiliya ali zokwana angapo. Okonda chiyambi amalola m'madzi kuyamba kuti "pitani."

Malinga ake makhalidwe chida "Bulava" ndi "Sineva" zofanana kwambiri ndi amasiyana yekha mu mtundu wa injini zosagwiritsa. Pa "Bulava" Iye ali olimba, ndi "Sineva" - madzi. Tikumbukenso kuti mbali yomaliza ya chida ndege "mace" ntchito fluidic galimoto, kupereka mwayi zina kuonjezera liwiro ndi machenjerero.

ofunsira mtendere ballistic mivi

Kutembenuka pulogalamu anamangirira ballistic mivi anali maziko kamangidwe ka onyamula monga "Wave" ndi "odekha".

Kumene, iwo anataya mu mphamvu zawo, "Union" ndi "purotoni", koma bwino ndinazolowera spacecraft yoperekera mu otsika Earth kanjira.

maofesi amenewa ndi "odekha" ndiponso "Wave" ankagwira zikomo chakuti zinalengedwa pamaziko a R-29R (chida "Sineva").

Mu 1991-1993, submariners Russian zinalengedwa kumayamba atatu mivi yotereyi kwa njira yodutsamo suborbital.

Kodi angakhale chidwi kuona? mivi kutembenuka mtundu "Sineva" ngakhale ali m'buku la Guinness World Records ngati yachangu-mail.

June 7, 1995 mothandizidwa ndi chonyamulira roketi R-29R chili ndi zida sayansi unayambitsidwa ndi Russian nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa Chombo "Ryazan". Pa bolodi ndi kuika imelo m'makalata. Patatha mphindi 20, zouluka 9000 Km, ndi kapisozi bwinobwino kwa Kamchatka.