"Bulava" (chombo) makhalidwe. Intercontinental ballistic chida "Bulava"

"Mace" - ndi chimodzi mwa zochitika zatsopano za roketi zoweta. Komabe akuyesedwa tikafika izi. Ena mwa iwo analephera, chimene chinapangitsa kwambiri zotsutsa kwa akatswiri. Tikhoza kunena kuti "Bulava" - Roketi, amene makhalidwe ndi wapadera, ndipo chimodzimodzi zomwe mudzaphunzira m'nkhani ino. M'pofunikanso powasamalira chakuti olimba mafuta ballistic chida kuti lizichirikiza sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya ( "Shark" mtundu).

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

"Bulava" anagwirizana zochotsa chitukuko cha mzinga ballistic mu 1998. Pa nthawi imeneyo, malo ku Russia Navy anali Vladimir Kuroyedov, amene anayambitsa chida cha "Makungwa" cholinga njira. Zovuta linakonzedwa ndi% 70 zokha, ndipo mayesero ake analephera kuzipeza. Kenako, Federation Russian Council anaganiza kusamutsa chitukuko cha zatsopano intercontinental ballistic chida matauni Institute of matenthedwe Technology, ngakhale kuti yotsirizira kwathunthu kutali zinachitikira polenga zida zotere. Mu June 2009, izo imachitika mayeso ake choyamba "Bulava" chida chotsimikizira bwino. Kenako, anaganiza kukhazikitsa ulimi siriyo a mbali okhwima kwambiri ndi misonkhano. Choncho, pofika kumapeto kwa 2012, Anatoly Serdyukov ananena kuti mivi deta analowa utumiki Russian asilikali October 2012. Monga wa January 2014, ilo linapangidwa 46 maroketi, 14 amene anali anapezerapo pa mayeso.

mayesero kupitirirabe

Pakali pano, dongosolo zinachitikadi mayesero 20,% 55 akanakhala bwino. The Launch woyamba wa chida "Bulava" (kulemera ndi kukula Kamangidwe) zinachitikadi September 23, 2004. The chachiwiri, sipangakhalenso woyamba woona, anasandulika September 25, 2005. Ndiye intercontinental chida "Bulava" ali bwinobwino anakwaniritsa cholinga chake ndipo anapha. The Launch lachitatu pamalo adalowetsedwa ndi sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" zinachitikadi mu October 2005. Chandamale pa Kura kuyezetsa osiyanasiyana pa Kamchatka Peninsula, bwinobwino zinasokonekera. More mayesero otsatirawa akhala inconclusive. injini anakana lomaliza madzi roketi siteji, izo adasokera njira ndi anagwa, monga banal kudziononga. Uthenga wabwino wokhawo ndi mfundo yoyenera ndi kusinthidwa zigawo zina zasintha mu njira ya mayesero zinalephereka. Chifukwa, 9 mayesero 10 zapitazo zakhala bwino, ndipo ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa mfundo ina chidwi.

Chida "Bulava": Features

Uku lili mbali zotsatirazi:

• Utali wozungulira - makilomita 8000.
• Kunenepa (sitata) - matani 36,8.
• Tayani (resettable) kulemera - 1150 kgs.
• Utali / m'mimba mwake wa Launch canister - 12.1 / 2.1 mamita.
• The awiri a gawo loyamba - mamita 2.0.

Chida "Bulava", makhalidwe umene waphunzira, ali masiteji atatu. Awiri olimba-oyamba kulengedwa, pambuyo otsiriza - madzi. woyamba siteji injini kulemera ndi za 18,5 matani ndi kutalika mamita 3.6. Pa gawo lachiwiri la deta sanali Samisoni tsiku. Pamaso pa chiyambi cha 2014 sizinkadziwika mmene angachitire gawo lachitatu. Lero, tingakhulupirire kuti ndi madzi. Izi ndi zofunika pofuna zinthu pazipita machenjerero mu gawo lotsiriza la ndege. chida ichi mu kapangidwe kake akhoza kunyamula 10 mayunitsi nyukiliya, omwe ndi controllable. Ndi pafupifupi onse deta, amene amadziwika kuti tsiku.

kusintha posachedwapa zovuta za

Iwo anali atamva kuti mu zovuta adzakhala njira yapadera kugonjetsa chida chitetezo. Koma kungakhale dongosolo sanabadwe anafotokoza. Mwina nkukhala chandamale chonyenga, kapena ❖ kuyanika chapadera chimene chimapangitsa unit kosaoneka ndi makina ounikira. Izi pamwamba chinsinsi deta chimene sichidzalikhidwa anafotokoza. Padera, mawu ochepa ayenera ananena kuti chida "Bulava" makhalidwe amene Takambirana kale, wakhala penapake modernized mu zaka zingapo zapitazi chitukuko. Makamaka mfundo linasinthidwa kuswana mayunitsi nyukiliya. Ngati kale roketi linanena bungwe wagawo pa chandamale, ndiye bwererani (anamwazikana) iwo, tsopano ntchito mfundo ya "gulu la mphesa", kapena "basi sukulu" - US terminology. Popeza "Topol-M" ndi "Bulava" anayamba pamaziko yemweyo (Moscow Institute of matenthedwe Technology), ndi lolondola zovuta woyamba ndi waukulu ndithu, tikhoza kunena molimba mtima kwakukulu kwa dzuwa mkulu wa intercontinental ballistic chida "Bulava". Koma, chifukwa pali Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana - "Bulava 30", "Bulava-M", n'zovuta kunena za molondola ndi makhalidwe ena a zovuta limodzi.

Mlingo wa "Bulava" chida

Ballistic chida pafupifupi onse nthawi kuthawa ndi unmanageable. zamagetsi adakwera lili pulogalamu kumene kumatsimikizira liwiro ndi njira yodutsamo ndege likadali mu gawo yogwira. Pambuyo injini wazimitsa, chida chimachititsanso pa njira yodutsamo ballistic ndi sumalamulidwa kuchokera kunja. Tikhoza kunena kuti liwiro la ballistic chida sing'anga ndi waufupi osiyanasiyana pafupifupi zofanana. Koma popeza tikulimbana ndi intercontinental ballistic mzinga, mu nkhani iyi, mtengo wake ndi pang'ono apamwamba ndipo watsala 5-6 makilomita paola. deta zolondola sangapatsidwe dzina chifukwa iwo kudziwika kwa tsiku. Komabe, tikhoza kunena kuti pa kudziyesa kuti anali kudziŵika kuti roketi Mphindi 14 anaulukira makilomita 5500. Kuyambira tikhoza kupanga mapeto osavuta kuti mzinga chachiwiri ntchentche za 6-7 makilomita. Tikhoza kunena kuti liwiro la chida "Bulava" chidwi kwambiri Komabe, malinga ndi lipoti zambiri, US ngati maofesi penapake mofulumira.

pang'ono zotsutsa

Monga taonera, chifukwa cha kuchuluka otsika mayesero bwino mzinga ballistic "Bulava" anavutika kwambiri zotsutsa, osati kwa ophunzira zoweta. Choncho, Achimereka kuti zovuta ili pafupi kwathunthu ndi ofanana kuti Roketi "Poseidon-C3". Komabe, iwowa kale achoka utumiki monga chinthu chakale. Koma chifukwa chakuti pali awiri okha machitidwe olimba mafuta, ndi uthunthu pazipita kokha zisanu ndi zikwi theka makilomita. Tikumbukenso kuti akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti m'malo madzi mivi nyanja ofotokoza kwa Anzawo monga "Bulava" kokha kuchepetsa lingathe deterrence nyukiliya. Koma, malinga ndi Solomon (Chief Mlengi), kuchepetsa payload chifukwa cha kupulumuka kuchuluka kwa mabomba.

Mayesero ena ziyenera

Akatswiri ambiri kawirikawiri anadzudzula zovuta. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti Launch za "Bulava" chida mu 45% milandu zinalephereka. Ngakhale kuti maganizo ndithu zambiri, monga mayesero ambiri akhala pang'ono bwino, ngakhale kuti anali ndi kuchimwa. Komanso, pafupifupi 90% ya imalankhula zinalephereka zinalengedwa kwambiri pa chitukuko yogwira. Koma pamene chida anali otukuka, kuti 10 kumayamba anatsimikizira imodzi yokha zinalephereka. Chiwerengerochi amasonyeza zosiyana - kuti mzinga ballistic "Bulava" odalirika kwambiri, titero. Yuri Solomonov anapanga ndemanga za kuchuluka kwa zolephera pa kuyesedwa. Iye ananena kuti n'zosatheka kuneneratu. chakuti njira zonse zikubweretsa atakana, pochitika mu kugawanika chachiwiri. Ndipo kulongosolerana chikhalidwe chawo MIT ankachititsa ambiri mayesero mtengo, zomwe pamapeto pake zinachititsa kuti azimuth positive.

A pang'ono za mbali ya zovuta

Monga tanenera kale pang'ono apamwamba intercontinental ballistic chida "Bulava" ndi wapadera mtundu wake. Izi makamaka chifukwa chakuti zinthu nkhondo nkhondowo angathe komabe moto mfuti laser. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti otsetsereka a pachiyambi amalola kuti ayambe "kuwuluka" mwachitsanzo, pamene kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya. Izi kuonjezera kusinthasintha cha zovuta wonse. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, tisaiwale kuti patapita ziyeso zinalephereka Solomon anatsanzika monga woyang'anira wamkulu wa MIT, koma pa nthawi yomweyo anali ambiri mlengi wa zovuta wa. Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za izo, zomwe akutsutsa intercontinental ballistic chida "Bulava" zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito

malawi zovuta

Popeza chinalengedwa monga roketi chombo chida zovuta, m'pomveka kuganiza kuti malo aakulu a malawi - sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya. Strategic sitima zapamadzi cruisers bwino "Shark" ntchito, mwachitsanzo, "wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy" ndi "Arkhangelsk", kale mu nkhokwe zawo zovuta izi. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mu nkhani iyi, pali zithunzi, kumene zovuta adzayamba ku League Premier pa mphindi zikuwoneka wokongola chidwi, "Bulava" (chithunzi). chida nazonso anaika pa zinthu za "Boreas". Pakati pawo, "Yury Dolgoruky", "Alexander Nevsky" ndi ena. Pakutha 2020 izo anaganiza zomanga za 8 sitima zankhondo, 3 amene ali pa polojekiti "Shark" ndipo 5 - kuti "Boreas". Ulendo uliwonse eyeliner 16 chida "Bulava".

Pomaliza

Choncho takambirana nanu mbali yaikulu ya "Bulava" zovuta (chithunzi), chida monga momwe mukuonera, zikuwoneka chidwi kwambiri ndi mayesero posachedwapa akusonyeza Mwachangu ake okwezeka. Komabe, dzina abwino ndi kovuta. Koma apa ndi kulimbikitsa mphamvu ya sitima zapamadzi Russian angathe. Komanso, kusagwira cha zovuta ndi chifukwa kuchuluka molondola. ofufuza ambiri sanali kuganizira khama la roketi mu poyerekeza ndi analogues. Kukana kuti zinthu sichikupindulitsani ankaimba pafupifupi mbali yofunika pa khalidwe la nkhondoyi.