Soviet oti muli nazo zida ogwira chonyamulira BTR 152: zofunika

Vuto magalimoto ogwira pambuyo World nkhondo II bureaus kwambiri nkhawa zonse Soviet kapangidwe, makamaka High Lamulo. Yachokera pa zimene zapitazi, zinali zosachita kufunsa kuti ntchito Mwaichi magalimoto ochiritsira chabe chigawenga, kuyambira wanga iliyonse, ndege anaukira mdani ngakhale moto kuchokera mmikono zing'onozing'ono apite dipatimenti anaiwalika lonse. Ndi maziko a mawunikidwe awa ndi woyamba tingachipeze powerenga oti muli nazo zida ogwira chonyamulira BTR 152.

Komatsu kapena gudumu?

Ndipo funso ili si chabe, ngakhale lero. Poyamba zinachitikira okonza athu analibe Kafukufuku amene anachitika ku malangizo onse. Choyamba anapambana Kuikiradi mayendedwe: makina amenewa ziphuphu mtanda wake, iwo akanakhoza popachika kwambiri zankhondo. Koma panali mavuto ena.

Choyamba, zovuta za kuphunzitsa kwa zimango, madalaivala zida amenewa anali mkulu ndi pang'ono wolephera zimene phunziro kwa mathanki. Ainjini oyenda monga poyamba anali gulu la asilikali, ndi kuphunzitsa ambiri odziwa kwambiri aluso akhala akulephera. Komanso, bwanji zinachitikira zoipa Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

Tikuyankhula zokhudza mmene kukumana ndi. Inamva magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, ngakhale molingana kuwerengetsera kuyambirira anali kudya osachepera 1/3 mafuta ambiri, ndi ngati inu mutayang'ana pa mikono wachibale kulemera, ndipo ngakhale zambiri. Kodi kulera mvssu dizilo mu nkhondo yatsopano yaikulu?

Komanso, gudumu za makina n'chachikulu mosavuta ntchito, kukonza ndi kupanga, moyo utumiki wawo kwambiri. Pomaliza, APCs izi n'zosavuta kuti akuyandama Pamene inamva magalimoto feint ngati tiyipukuse kunja kwambiri kovuta. Chisankho chinapangidwa ndi kukoleza 152-APC.

Start chitukuko

Kale kumayambiriro 1946, mbewu unayambitsidwa VMS mtunda ZIS 151 magalimoto. Kachiwiri, zinachitikira zaka yapita, galimoto poyamba anapanga osiyanasiyana, mofanana loyenereradi ntchito chuma cha dziko, ndi magulu a nkhondo. Posakhalitsa, okonza anazindikira kuti chilengedwe mwamtheradi zimachitika zokha amasimbira ndi maloto, ndi wakhama pa kafukufuku m'munda wa transporter mwangwiro ankhondo, amene analandira index "chinthu 140".

Ntchito makina ku muyezo ZIS. Komanso wakhala Anabwereka chimango ndi pa truncated 385 mm. Koma dera lino okonza Kamangidwe ntchito ndi axles atatu. Mosiyana ndi chitsanzo choyambirira ntchito ngati kuyimitsidwa kuyenda yaitali, ndi amphamvu kwambiri, anawonjezera ndipo anatsindika akasupe.

tayala zofunika

Matayala - mbedza kukula ndi mphamvu yomwe imapereka mwai permeability pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa nthaka, nyengo iliyonse ndi nyengo.

Matayala akuganiza kuti ntchito yekha kuthamanga otsika (4 makilogalamu / masentimita ^3). Pakuti milatho yonse ntchito njanji umodzi. Kukana kuti kuwonongeka (kuphatikizapo pa shelling) okonza poyamba anakonza mwana'yo ntchito dongosolo ndi zipinda ziwiri ndi wokwera zipangizo centralized anakokomeza iwo pa amapita. Kuti 152 APCs ndikasendeza asilikali malo oopsa ndi liwiro pazipita injini makina amakakamizidwa yomweyo malita 118-122. a. (Walonjeza mtengo koma upambana 110 L. C.).

Main makhalidwe a makina

Casing - chonyamulira mtundu, welded ku mbale zida, amene makulidwe anali 6, 8, 10, ndi 13 mm. Ndi woganiza ndipo ndiyanzeru ndingaliro ya zida mazunzo yamasika akanakhoza "amasunganso" kumenya zipolopolo 12,7 mm. Engine chipinda - kutsogolo kwa makina, ulamuliro gawo ili kuseri kwa icho. Ngati BTR 40, ankafika pa Bay kagulu kathu ka izi unali kumbuyo ndipo anali kwathunthu lotseguka pamwamba.

Atiteteze kwa fumbi airborne ndi mpweya ntchito zochotseka lona. Embarkation ndipo tidakocheza zinachitikadi pakhomo pa nsana wa nduna za. Mu gawo kutsogolo pali zitseko ziwiri kudzera amene anakwera mu kuyendetsa galimoto ndi gunner.

kudzikonda mankhwala chitetezo APC

Front zida pepala ali ndi anamanga-mu khungu, facilitates review mobisa wa zitaganya kwa ogwira ntchito. Manholes zinthu nkhondowo mwachidwi, kutseka zisoti ndi oyika wa oti muli nazo zida mtima, chipolopolo-umboni galasi. The zikuchokera zida ndodo ya kudziletsa 152 oti muli nazo zida ogwira onyamula m'gulu: 7,62 mamilimita SG 47 (makina mfuti Goryunova dongosolo), amene pambuyo pake m'malo mwa SGM. Nthawi zonse, voliyumu ya zida upambana zipolopolo chikwi chimodzi zipolopolo.

The chida akhoza wokwera pa limodzi la manja kuti anali mbali iliyonse (zidutswa ziwiri aliyense). Komanso mu mbali panali kamodzi munakhazikitsa asanu kuzungulira, ntchito zomwe, oyendetsa akhoza moto kuchokera mfuti munthu. Udindo kulankhulana ndi wangwiro ndi zosavuta wailesi 10-PT-12.

Ndime ya mayesero boma, maganizo adalira

Choyamba BTR 152, amene ali chithunzi m'nkhani anapita pa mayesero oyambirira 1947. Pa nthawi yomweyo "mpikisano" zitatu kupanga makina zino. The zotsatira anatsimikizira chiyembekezo chabwino kwambiri cha atsopano oti muli nazo zida ogwira zonyamulira. Makamaka, permeability ake ali kwambiri kuposa wa GAZ 63. Pa khwalala galimoto akhoza imathandizira yomweyo 80-85 km / h. Patatha zaka zitatu, chitsanzo APC 152 wakhala kwathunthu zapita magawo onse kumuyesa, galimoto inali yololedwa mu utumiki wa Soviet Army.

Nkhani ndi wotsatira wamakono

galimoto oti muli nazo zida akupangidwa ku mbewu VMS. Ambiri, onse anagwirizana pa maganizo kuti okonza anatha kulenga galimoto mwachilungamo wophweka, koma odalirika kuti amadziwa kuyenerera cholinga. Kumene, zophophonya akhala ake. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu zake kachulukidwe anali ndi ofooka, ndi permeability (poyerekeza ndi magalimoto inamva) siinafike ganizoli. Koma zinthu zonse izi.

The wamakono wa BTR 152 zinachitikadi patapita nthawi, kenako makina ndi index B. Baibulo limeneli anavomerezedwa mu 1955, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anapezerapo kuŵeta. Chachikulu kusiyana kwa chitsanzo zofunika anali zigawo ndi misonkhano kwa onse mtunda ZIL 157 galimoto, umene m'malo ndi ZIL 151 pa mzere fakitale msonkhano. Komabe, zachilendo waukulu makina ndi kukhazikitsa bwino, "zotsogola" centralized mpweya kufufuma dongosolo la tayala (12.00 × 18).

Patency ndi kuphana survivability wa oti muli nazo zida onyamula ogwira pa nthawi yomweyo anali kwambiri kuchuluka. Pomaliza, 152 oti muli nazo zida ogwira onyamula (Soviet oti muli nazo zida ogwira chonyamulira) walandira mphamvu winch samovytaskivaniya, kwambiri kusintha moyo wa dalaivala wake. Amene adawonekera mu 1957, kusinthidwa kwa B1, Komanso analandira Baibulo latsopano ndi chapakati dongosolo tayala kufufuma, amene inkatetezeka ku kuvulaza. Pomaliza, galimoto walandira wailesi latsopano P-113, ndi odalirika kwambiri.

kusinthidwa Last

Pafupifupi mu nthawi yomweyo ndi oti muli nazo zida ogwira onyamula anayamba usiku m'masomphenya TVN-2, ndi ndegeyo Bay Pomaliza Kutentha dongosolo kuti yomweyo anayamikira asilikali Trans-Baikal usilikali District. Mu 1959, pa mikono umayenda siriyo Soviet BTR-152K, kusiyana yaikulu imene inali pamaso pa yachibadwa oti muli nazo zida denga ndi utsi fani.

Denga ndi amadza zabwino kwambiri pa chitetezo cha ankafika pa. Mu njira zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zaphindu chifukwa zikamera wa NATO zida zida za nyukiliya ku yofanana osiyana.

The kusintha chofunika kwambiri kusinthidwa otsiriza

Choyamba, kutalika thupi chawonjezeka yomweyo mamilimita 300. Utali wonse wa denga panali zimaswa otsekedwa ndi mbale zida. Kuti chivundikiro chachikulu zinali zosavuta kutsegula, iwo linanena ndi torsion bar. Emergency khomo lili ku kumbuyo za makina, pa izo gudumu yopuma yakwera. Pamwamba mpando wa dalaivala zachitika khumudwitsidwa osiyana wofunikila unsembe wa usiku m'masomphenya chipangizo TVN-2.

Monga Mabaibulo yapita, ndi oti muli nazo zida ogwira chonyamulira anali m'mabokosi anayi ogwiritsa mfuti za makina, koma izi anaikidwa pa mbali za ubwenzi si choncho, koma molunjika pa denga. Mu ntchito zida adzagwiritsidwa chitsanzo SGMB kapena FCT. Gunner malo chabe pamwamba dipatimenti kulamulira. Tikumbukenso kuti ena mwa maloboti oti muli nazo zida kaŵirikaŵiri anali wopanda mfuti.

Mosiyana yofanana zapitazi, asilikali BTR 152 analibe mipando kwa oyendetsa anaika mwachindunji pamwamba pa akasinja mafuta. Chifukwa cha zimenezi chiwerengero cha paratroopers waponya, koma kwambiri kuchuluka nkhondowo survivability za makina. Komanso, zaluso akhala zimaonekera kamangidwe ka injini, amene walandira mutu zotayidwa yamphamvu.

Kujambula kudziletsa injini mfuti makhazikitsidwe

pempheroli anali woyamba ndi wotsiriza mu Soviet Army aphunzira njira za, potengera zomwe zinalengedwa apadera kudziletsa injini makina mfuti. Chitsanzo choyamba, BTR-152A (ZTPU-2), ayamba kutulutsa mu 1950, pafupifupi imodzi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa munthu oti muli nazo zida ogwira chonyamulira. Mwalamulo, njira imeneyi anali mu utumiki mu 1951.

Koma mu 1952, mayeso boma anakwaniritsidwa "chilombo" ZTPU-4 (awiri wophatikizidwa KPVT, okwana anayi mbiya likungosonyeza 14.5 mm). Zipolopolo za makina ndi 2000 akatemera. Firepower luso wakhala lowopsya, koma chifukwa cha njira ya buku aiming zovuta kuphunzira, adamthamangira pa unsembe nkhondo si amene anayambitsa.

Anapanga njira chimenechi Mabaibulo angapo anavomera "Kuthetheka" anali kale. Kodi unali wopambana pa zu 23 likungosonyeza 23 mm, ndi wapadera ulamuliro makina BTR-152U, ofala amene ali thupi ndi kutalika kwambiri kuchuluka. Ichi chidachitika kuti agwirizane zipangizo buku mkati zikuluzikulu.

Masiku ano, BTR 152 ndi kusamala ndi otchuka pakati okhometsa olemera ndi mafani wa zida za nkhondo, ndi munthu wina iwo magalimoto wapadera cholinga kuyenda kusaka kapena kusodza.