The ranges waukulu Russian: maonekedwe, dzina ndi malo

"Inu simuli mu nyengo Chigwacho osiyana pano" - mawu Vladimira Vysotskogo, wodziwika lonse, kukhoza kukhala Mwambi wa nkhani imeneyi. Ndi za mapiri, okongola kwambiri mpumulo zonse zachilengedwe. Nzosadabwitsa, anaimba ntchito za andakatulo ambiri, iwo kukopa alendo, okwera ndi anthu amene akufuna amatanganidwa wapadera, kanthu pa nyengo ofanana. Kuyang'ana mapu thupi, munthu akhoza kuona zambiri m'mapiri anamwazikana padziko lonse. Zambiri iwo ndi gawo Russian.

mbali Geographical la Russia

mapiri Russian, monga alonda malire pambali kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kum'mawa kumalire a dziko, kulenga wapadera ndi odalirika chikopa malo athyathyathya. Only ndi Ural wamphamvu molimba mtima mitanda ya expanses lalikulu la Russia, zilibe kuthetsa ndi malire, kapena pa nthawi. Zambiri za anthu amakhala m'madera mosabisa, powona mapiri kapena pa TV, kapena zinthu zina, kutenga yopuma m'madera a mapiri. Osafika theka la mabacteria mpumulo mu Russia aphimbidwa ndi mapiri. Ndipo pafupifupi onse ranges wa Russia ndi ku South ndi Far East mayiko.

Mwachidule za m'mapiri

Ngati inu kukhudza mbali liwulo, amene inu mukhoza kuwona chimodzimodzi chimene mapiri kutsogolo cha woyang'anira, ndi kuzindikiridwa mfundo zingapo chindunji:

• kutalika kuposa mamita 200 pamwamba mlingo wa phazi;
• otsetsereka;
• pamaso pa nsonga.

Pa chiyambi cha mapiri zosiyanasiyana. Ngati panali mapindikidwe a matanthwe a pansi padziko, izo anatuluka phiri - chikhalidwe tectonic.

Chifukwa cha lalikulu mapiri akaphulika phulusa, ndi tinthu ena kudziunjikira, n'kupanga mapiri. formations amenewa akuchokera kwa chiphala, ndipo nthawizonse pali Chigwa pamwamba pa amenewa phiri.

kukwezedwa kusintha chifukwa cha kukokoloka, akhoza kutsegula mapiri. Nthawi zambiri magulu angapo a chiyambi homogeneous umasonkhana gawo lawo. Ndiye iwo anandiyitana machitidwe phiri.

List of zitunda Russian

Kupeza ufumu matsenga, zilembo zambiri anatumiza "kuseri kwa mapiri ndi nyanja." Ndi basi kumene ife tiri njira yathu. The mapiri a Russia, kupatula otchuka Ural, yomwe ili kumalire a dziko. Pa malo ake ndi za 20 kapena ranges zambiri phiri 1 TH. Mumadziwika nsonga, wapamwamba umene imatengedwa Elbrus. Koma pali osamva kuti akafike kudera kuti kuyeza kutalika kwa ena nsonga sizingatheke. Conventionally zitunda Russia akhoza kugawidwa mu zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi:

1. Caucasus.
2. Ural.
3. Hibiny.
4. Far East.
5. South Siberia.
6. North-kum'mawa Siberia.

Zinthu zitatu otsiriza zikuphatikizaponso Gawo yaikulu ndithu, amene anaika yaikulu mapiri ndi zitunda za Russia.

Magulu Siberia kumpoto

The dera kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Siberia ndi kukongola chodabwitsa mitundu. Young ndi zaka mapiri, nayonso madera Titafika pamalo a - ndicho chikhalidwe cha mtunda ndi derali. The chimbuzi wa East-Siberia Plateau, Phiri Kupambana, kufika msinkhu wa makilomita 3. Iye ndi mmodzi wa apamwamba pakati pa mapiri onse a kum'mawa Siberia, lomwe kutambasula makilomita oposa 14. Kuwonjezera ubweya wambiri zimenezi, khamu zikuphatikizapo Verkhoyansk osiyanasiyana, Mountain Byrranga ndi chapakati Siberia Plateau.

M'magawo kumpoto, kum'mawa anawonjezera nthawi ya miyala ya Mesozoic ndi Cenozoic. Komanso, pali oundana zakale komanso masiku ano. Subarctic mtundu nyengo kumabweretsa kuti ena m'mitsinje atapanga zonse, ndiko kuti, kwenikweni pansi.

Lamapiri Verkhoyansk

Verkhoyansk Ridge pa mapu a Russia ndi chimodzi mwa zisanu ndi ziwiri m'madera phiri la kumpoto kum'mawa. Inkakhala pa dera la Yakutia. tili ndi ranges lalikulu la Russia monga Harulahsky, Orulgan ndi Suntar-Hayata. Nyengo ya malo amenewa ndi osiyana mwamphamvu. Cold ndi otsika kutentha chimakhala chogwidwa ndi miyezi 8-9 mu mzere. Mu January, kutentha pafupifupi ndi adatchithisira kuti -40. Snowpack ayamba kusungunuka mu June, ngakhale kasupe akubwera apo m'ma May. Dzinja yochepa ndiponso oipa, kawirikawiri otentha kuposa madigiri 14. Zinali nthawi iyi mu gawo la mikango mvula.

Chifukwa cha nyengo zovuta, anthu m'dera lino ndi zonyozeka kwambiri, motero, msipu Nkhalango ntchito bwino. Mchere Verkhoyansk phiri dongosolo - golide ndi ores polymetallic. Verkhoyansk Ridge pa mapu a Russia umachokera kwa 1200 kukafika ku Lena mtsinje Tompo, Aldana inflows.

kukongola Special zimakopa mapiri m'deralo. Russian Ridge otchedwa Verkhoyanskiy ndi ofanana kwambiri ndondomeko ya m'mapiri mtunda. Pamwamba kopanda ozizira Verkhoyansk manambala ukulamulira Arctic bata. Basi pansipa achisanu Titafika pamalo womvetsa chisoni m'chipululu m'malo ndi zomera ake osauka. Malo otsetsereka kukula nyenyezi yaing'ono Siberia paini, nyenyezi yaing'ono birch, larch ndi zitsamba. Komanso, pali steppe kulolerana.

Nkhanza kum'mwera Siberia: phiri thambo

Kum'mawa kwa mapiri a Ural, zikwi zambiri makilomita phiri ndi Siberia - m'dziko la kukongola zidzasintha ndi ungwiro. Russia Mitandadza kuti ali m'dera lino, wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi:

• Altai.
• Alatau.
• Sayan.
• Salair.
• Tuva mapiri.
• Transbaikalia.
• Baikal.
• Msana.
• Aldan Plateau.

Mapiri ndi zitunda za Russia, monga Altai, wokongola kwambiri ndipo zikuwoneka ngati Chipilala yovuta. Pakati pa Altai Mountains ili Teletskoye Lake. M'madera ena, pali steppes, meadows, ngati Alpine, laimu minda. Altai chimbuzi ndiye phiri Belukha. kutalika kwake - makilomita oposa 4.5.

Pafupi ndi Altai mapiri pafupi Alatau ndi Sayan. The mapiri mu malo awa imakulitsa kwambiri, kufika mpaka makilomita mazana asanu. The Sayan Mountains akuyamba njira kwambiri Yenisei. Poyamba, mtsinjewo unali wofulumira ndi capricious, koma pambuyo yomanga zomera opangira magetsi pogonjetsa mtima wake. kachitidwe phiri la zitunda pafupi Russia, amene mayina awo odziwika kuyambitsa: Tuvan mapiri ndi chimbuzi Mongun-nayonso, Sangi-Len, Tannu-Ola. Nsonga za m'tchalitchi Sayan Mountains Tuva ngati. Pafupi ndi malire Mongolian oundana yaing'ono malo otsetsereka anagwetsa steppe madera.

alonda achangu kwambiri Nyanja Baikal mapiri Baikal dera, ngati chimango wapatali atazunguliridwa ndi dziwe chamgwiro. Mwa njira, maonekedwe ake ayenera nyanja mkulu tectonic ntchito ikuchitika m'dziko lino osiyanasiyana phiri. Za kuda nkhawa za matanthwe a pansi padziko m'dera lino kuti zivomezi kawirikawiri. Ngati chitayiko si nthawi zonse unadzaza pansi pa nyanja, izo zikhoza kufika kuya kwa 6 Km.

A pang'ono kum'mawa ndi mapiri a Russia pansi pa dzina Baikal. Mbali awo ndi m'lifupi pazipita lamba phiri imene imafikira zikwi makilomita. La utali wonse wa Trans-Baikal ndi za 4 zikwi makilomita.

Msana: mlatho pakati pa zigawo

Pafupi kum'mwera aataliatali Pacific ogwirizana ndi Far East. A limasonyeza kulumikiza mu zochita unyolo monga Russia amakhala msana ndi Aldan yachonde. Lokwera waukulu misa amakhala ndi masomphenya m'chipululu, ndi m'zigwa, nkhalango. Mapiramidi mapiri Mbali zachilengedwe pakati Amour ndi Saha, ndi vertex saukitsidwa pamwamba 2 Km. Pa malo otsetsereka, maphompho Stanovoi osiyanasiyana kukula mitengo makamaka coniferous. Nkhandwe, mbuzi ndi nkhandwe pafupifupi anthu kokha malo awa, kupatula magulu a wongosamukasamuka: wa Chukchi, Tungus ndi Yakuts.

Far East: kukula kwa

Mapiri a kutali uko kum'mawa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi sizimadziwika. Dzhugdzhur wa lokwera ili m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Okhotsk, iwo achotsedwa mwa dera la Amur ndi Primorye ndi Sakhalin, Kamchatka ndi Kurils. Kwa mpumulo ndi variegated kwambiri, mawu gulfs, zigwa ndi nyanja. Pa aakulu Sakhalin Island ili East Sakhalin ndi West Sakhalin Mountains. Komanso, kuchokera Kamchatka ku Japan, ndi Kuril lokwera akutambasula, kupanga khalidwe chilumba Arc. Pa za Kamchatka Peninsula chionekera kuphulika Kluchevskoy.

Kluchevskoy: ngale Kamchatka

Izi kuphulika yogwira ndi chimbuzi cha pachilumbachi. vertex kutalika ndi za 5 Km, kapena kukhala enieni, kuposa mamita 4800. Choncho phiri anazindikira Eurasian apamwamba. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 17 mochedwa, iwo linaphulika nthawi 55, ngakhale popanda kuchititsa kuwononga kwambiri midzi yapafupi. Age Klyuchevskoy phiri ali zaka 70. Lopanda phulusa m'mbali mwa phiri Klyuchevskoy mukhoza kuona umasinthasintha, komanso amayendayenda wandiweyani maluwa meadows pa phazi la izo.

Anthu amene akufuna kukwera pamwamba pa phiri, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mpweya chiphala saloledwa kukhala pa izo mphindi yaitali kuposa 10. Ndipo mkulu okwera ndi njira yabwino amakhudza thupi. Koma nthawi ili udzakhala wokwanira kuti asangalale ndi kukongola yapafupi ya pamwamba paphiri. Mu zidindo aliyense nkhani ya kugonjetsa Klyuchevskoy mapiri adzakhala ndi moyo.

Caucasus pansi ine ...

Russia yaikulu phiri lokwera - Wamkulu Caucasus - lili pakati pa Black Sea ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Caucasus Mountains ali wachinyamata, koma kusiyana ndi kukula nthawi zonse. Mu chaka cha nsonga zawo pafupi kumwamba kwa masentimita angapo. Wamkulu Caucasus tichipeza osati kwambiri Black Mountains, otsika mapiri a Terek, Sunzha ndi amene angafike chilemba cha kilometre wina. Kum'mwera, sakhoza kuona mbali mkulu, nagawira ndi lokwera chachikulu. Kunyada kwa mapiri Caucasus - pamwamba Elbrus - basi mu dera la ofananira osiyanasiyana.

Caucasus Center umamumvera zigumukire yaikulu zoopsa ndi rockfalls. Koma nyengo mu gawo ili la mapiri ndi yofewa, subtropical, mu zofanana ndi kum'mwera kwa Ulaya. The kum'mawa kwa Caucasus akufanana ku Central Asia zochepa mpumulo. Nzosadabwitsa boma anapereka m'menemo dzina lake Dagestan, dera lomwe anamasulira amatanthauza "lamapiri".

Koma lonse Caucasus ndi lokongola kwambiri ngakhale Velikiy dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich ankamuchemerera m'mabuku ake.

A pang'ono Elbrus

Ponena za Caucasus, sikutheka osanenapo nsonga chapamwamba Europe - Elbrus. M'malo mwake, mapiri awiri, chifukwa phiri ali mapiri awiri ndi kusiyana kutalika pafupifupi 20 mamita. Ndi chikhalidwe cha mapangidwe Elbrus - izo ndi zinatha kuphulika. About miliyoni zapitazo, nthawi ya mapangidwe ake, m'mbali mwa phiri pa breakneck liwiro chinapululutsa zigawo za phulusa, dothi, milu ya miyala. Zonsezi ndi kuti pang'onopang'ono kuonjezera kutalika kwa phiri. Tsopano thanthwe mapangidwe ali ndi kachirombo aulemu a Mwambamwamba ski phiri dziko. Komanso posachedwapa kupita mndandanda wa zinthu zodabwitsa zisanu ndi ziwiri za Russian. Pa otsetsereka kum'mwera kwa phiri Elbrus zili ndi magalimoto chingwe ndi malo omasuka kukhala alendo.

Nthano Urals

Ponena za ranges Russian phiri, sangathe kuyiwala za mapiri a Ural. Ndi kunyada kwa dziko, mzere wolekanitsa pakati kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Mapiri kutambasula kwa 2,000 kuchokera yaitali kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera, kuchokera Ocean Arctic ku Chikazaki steppes. Pali nthano kuti ali m'mapiri awa anayambitsa chitukuko Aryans wapadera anzeru, kukafunafuna kuda khamu asayansi ndi alendo ulendo Urals lapansi. Kodi pali aliyense sayenera paranormal, kumene kungakhale chidwi ngakhale ufologists, monga mphekesera, mu alendo Ural m'nkhalango anawona. Malowa zodabwitsa ili mu malo osungirako Taganay. Sizikudziwika mmene nkhani woona wa m'deralo, koma kuti m'dera limeneli pali zolephera zida ndi anthu okwanira kukaona masomphenya zachilendo - mfundo angatsutse.

Mu Urals, ngakhale ali Stonehenge yake. Iwo amati malo awa ali amphamvu kwambiri mphamvu lonjezo. Iwo kamakhala kuchotsa maganizo oipa ndiponso nkhawa.

Ural akachisi wakale ndi mchitidwe umenewu nthawi zonse kukopa aulendo padziko lonse.

Komanso Ural Mountains - ndi Mecca alendo, ndipo mu nyengo iliyonse. M'chilimwe - rafting, kukwera mahatchi, atayenda, ndi yozizira - kutsetsereka ndi miyambo otsetsereka chipale chofewa. Ndipo m'zaka zaposachedwapa, pambuyo isanayambike m'mlengalenga Chelyabinsk kugwa kwa miyala yochokera dziko lapansi kukhala njirazo yodziŵika malo ake a zochitika.

Pali zinthu mu Urals ndi Speleology: mapanga maofesi chimatanthauza munda lalikulu la ntchito.

Russia ranges ali yosiyanasiyana, ndipo amapanga ambiri achilengedwe chuma cha dziko lino osiyanasiyana ndipo osokoneza. Ambiri mwa anthu a Russia amakhala m'chipululu, koma mapiri zonse kukopa anthu ndi pristine kukongola zake zam'tchire.