Basques - ndani izi? Basco anthu chachinsinsi

Basques - anthu okhala otchedwa Basque Country, lili kumpoto kwa Spain ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo France. magwero - chimodzi cha zinsinsi lalikulu osati kwa Ulaya komanso a dziko lonse lapansi.

ndi Basques ndi ndani? Kodi iwo anachokera kuti? Ngati tikambirana nkhani zimenezi ndi malo nzika, ndi Basques - ndi Spanish ndi French, chifukwa amakhala Spain ndipo France. Koma chifukwa anthu awa pa chilankhulo chachilendo, osati mosiyana zilankhulo zina? Bwanji kuti pa zaka za nkhondo ndi pachibale Chibasiki chitukuko anali adzadziwire ake? Wachibale anapatsidwa fuko idakalipo mafunso ofufuza simungakhoze kupeza mayankho. Nkhaniyi adzayesa kuchita ndi anthu amene ali Basques, ndi kulankhula za mmene moyo lero, izi zigawenga European ndi onyada.

The etymology dzina la

Kuti timvetse tanthauzo la mawu akuti "Chibasiki", muyenera kuyang'ana pa mbiriyakale. Mawu amenewa kuchokera vasco Latin - wotchedwa Vasconi wakale, amene ankakhala mu chisanadze Roma ndi nthawi Roma mu dera limene Spanish Basques tikukhalamo tsopano. Komabe, si anthu okhawo nawo Genesis. makolo Chibasiki anali Aquitani ndipo mwina Cantabria, kuti tsopano iwo Tingaone kwambiri kalankhulidwe kena kugawikana.

magwero

maphunziro majini anakhazikitsa wapadera anthu pamaso pathu. Basques - anthu amene magazi awo ndi wokwera pakati azungu onse chiwerengero cha rhesus alibe (25 peresenti) ndi mmodzi wa tuzigawo twa magazi apamwamba zokhudza mtundu D (55 peresenti). Pali lakuthwa kwambiri kusiyana majini pakati pa mamembala a gulu mitundu ndi mafuko ena, makamaka Spain. Choncho, munthu sangathe kunena kuti Basques - ichi Catalans.

List Mabaibulo za chiyambi cha anthu chachinsinsi n'chachikulu kwambiri. Pa nthawi ina Ine anakambirana amanena kuti Basques - ndi Armenia. Kenako anenepo maganizo kuti iwo - wakale Georgia amene ku dera la masiku ano Georgia kwa nthawi makedzana anasamukira ku chilumba cha Iberia.

Cro-Magnon munthu pakati pathu?

Tikumbukenso kuti Baibulo kuti Basques ali mbadwa Armenia kapena Georgia kusunga mwayi wa provability, koma asayansi ambiri amavomereza kuti anthu zakwawoko Ulaya, mwachindunji anachokera ku Cro-Magnon, wina 35 zikwi zapitazo, anadza kwa nthaka European ku Africa ndipo bakhalani komweko.

Cro-Magnon munthu sanathe nawo kusamuka aliwonse otsatirapo la anthu, chifukwa akatswiriwa sanapezeke umboni uliwonse kulankhula za kusintha anthu m'dera lino nthawi zonse, mpaka kufika pa Aroma. Choncho anthu onse amene lero amadzitcha okha ku Ulaya, poyerekeza ndi Basques ndi ana basi. Ndi zodabwitsa sichoncho?

Eskuara

N'zoona Basques - amene anabadwa olankhula chinenero chimene lili ndi dzina "eskuara". Anthu awa tsopano alipo za wani miliyoni, zimene anthu oposa mazana asanu zikwi moyo mu Spain, kuposa zikwi zana - mu France, ndi zina - mu United States ndi ku Latin America.

Chinsinsi cha akatswiri a zinenero eskuara kuyesetsa kuthetsa kwa nthawi yaitali. Akatswiri ena hypothesize kuti chibadwa chinenero Chibasiki ibereyskim kugwirizana ndi chinenero, amene tsopano; ena sizigwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi, koma ndi kumanga Baibulo eskuara pa maziko a Afro-muthu anabadwa kopanda kuti makolo a Basques anali Ayuda. Choncho, mu 1900, dziko anaona bukuli J. Espanyol, ndi French abbot, anafotokozamo magwero a anthu lachinsinsi la atsamunda wovutika, anali mizu Ayuda.

Anthu - chilankhulo

Pa nthawi ndinkayesetsa unadzipiringiza eskuara komanso Arabic, ndiyeno - Japanese, osati kale litali, panali nkhambakamwa kuti chinenero Chibasiki likugwirizana zinenero cha mafuko woyendayendawu tikukhala mu Africa West. Komabe, malingaliro onse sizinachitike anatsimikizira. Posachedwapa akatswiri a zinenero French ankachititsa phunziro lina natsimikizira kuti eskuara ndi chinenero yoyenda yokha ndipo kwa zaka zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu, kungochokera Paleolithic, anayamba paokha. Uyu wa mtundu-chisanadze Roma European chinenero, amene kuchokera pansi pa zaka zikwizikwi wafika nthawi yathu.

njira ya moyo

Monga tanenera kale, Basques - anthu chachinsinsi amene moyo makamaka mu gawo la maiko awiri - Spain ndipo France. Mu French zigawo Chibasiki, m'nyumba zonse ndi zoyera ndipo ali ndi zinthu matabwa wofiira. Kapangidwe chikhalidwe mwala zinasungidwa yekha m'mapiri. Nthawi zambiri, Basques ali tcheru kwambiri miyambo. Ndi m'mizinda ndi m'midzi ali - anyamata ndi nkhalamba - kusewera pelota, kukonza ng'ombe mpikisano, wolema pa mitu ya berets wotchuka. Izi mtundu yaing'ono wapadera mitundu abwino.

Chikhalidwe cha Basques ndi

Basques - ngakhale adziwane - ofanana ndi anthu ena a Iberia losakhutiritsidwa Ambiri Amakonda zosangalatsa. Komabe, pamodzi ndi izi iwo nawonso wosachedwa kupsa mtima kwambiri. Koma ngakhale wansangala, kapena kutengeka musati kuwaletsa kum'mamatira njira za makolo akale a moyo. Izi likugwira ntchito makamaka kwa Basques, amene amakhala kutali malo mafakitale. Anthu okhala m'madera m'mapiri ndi achipembedzo kwambiri (ambiri a iwo - chikale Akatolika) ndi kukhala ndi moyo kwaokha.

khitchini

Imodzi yabwino ku Ulaya ankaona kuti zakudya Chibasiki, ndipo si mwa ntchito maphikidwe chipangizo, koma kuti mtundu uwu kulenga mbale kwakukulukulu amagwiritsa mankhwala okha mwatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, pamene zipse zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndi Basques kuzidya; pamene anapha nkhosa, kudya nyama. Pickling, salting, kuzizira - onsewa ndi zina akusowekapo ofanana ndi sanatengedwe kuchokera fuko lino. Basques amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito yophika kapena steamed zakudya, iwo pafupifupi sadya zakudya yokazinga, ndipo osagwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira. Wotchuka mbale - m'nyanja zikuluzikulu msuzi woyera ndi stewed Pike zipsepse. Basques ngati bowa, truffles, mpunga, nsomba. Iwo amapanga mitundu yonse ya ndiwo zochuluka mchere ndi mtedza, zipatso, zipatso ndi mkaka. mtundu ici ulikubala tchizi chabwino ndi vinyo.

zovala

Kwambiri kaso kuyang'ana zovala Basques. Female tichipeza buluu zobiriwira kapena buluu siketi ndi wakuda lalifupi jekete chokongoletsedwa ndi zingwe ndi appliques chonyezimira. Zipangizo otchuka kwambiri kavalidwe - ndi veleveti ndi chintz. suti amuna ndi yopapatiza zakuda kapena zofiirira breeches, masitonkeni wakuda, lamba wa mtundu womwewo, mdima bulandi ndi jekete wa khungu kapena minofu wandiweyani ndi mabatani chonyezimira.

Kuti anapulumuka zitsanzo za Chibasiki zovala chibwenzi kuchokera mochedwa Ages Middle (m'ma 16). Iwo unali copfunda nkhosa, coarse ulusi sewn m'mbali ndipo anali cutout kwa mutu.

kumatikumbutsabe za mbiri

Kuyesa kugawanitsa gawo anthu Basques tsiku kumbuyo kwa chisanu ndi zaka mazana chitatu. Nthawi zina, mayiko ili pa mbali zonse za Pyrenees, wokwatibwa ndi England, Aquitaine, Spain, France. Ndipo nthawi iliyonse eni ankafuna kugonjetsa kwathunthu kuti "kupasuka" anthu mwachinsinsi. Potsilizira pake ulamuliro Chibasiki zasintha kudziyimira pawokha m'dera: kwa zaka zoposa zisanu ndi Basques ku France ndi Spain ali ndi udindo wapadera ndi maudindo misonkho, malonda, ndi usilikali.

Zinthu zonsezi zili mu malamulo mwambo wa malamulo, amene amadziwika ngati "fueros". m'mizinda yonse m'midzi, midzi, m'matauni anali fueros zawo, koma kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, mabungwe Chibasiki aboma anathetsedwa, fueros payekha anawonongedwa ndi magawo m'gulu boma Spanish ndi kukhala gawo la kachitidwe ka boma ndi malamulo ku Spain.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kunali wosazima, mokhudza, kulimbikira ndiponso woganizira kufuna kukhala osiyana Chibasiki boma.

Ufulu wachikondi ndiponso onyada

Pambuyo kuwonongedwa mu 1937 wa kudziyimira pawokha Chibasiki panali gulu la anthu kwa dziko kukhalanso. Mu makumi asanu zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndi gulu la zigaŵenga "Euskadi Ta Askatasuna" (- IZI anawamasulira kuti "kwawo ndi Ufulu" pakuti lalifupi) unakhazikitsidwa. Kwa zaka fifite, nafe imene anamwalira mwa anthu 800.

Posachedwapa ichi, kutsatira aziphunzitso Irish, analengeza kuchotsa zochita za zigawenga. Koma kwa nthawi yaitali bwanji? Ndipotu bajeti ya mantha Chibasiki inkakhala mayuro oposa khumi ... Inde, Ndikufuna chiyembekezo ndipo amakhulupirira kuti zabwino. Ngakhale Basques, ngakhale anthu amene amakhala m'madera akumidzi, wotopa ndi mbiri wofunitsitsa, khama ndipo inapha anthu miyandamiyanda ku zonena zawo za anthu. Ndipotu, iwo samakonda ...