Cholinga cha choonadi ndi kudzipereka poyesera kuzifotokozera

Choonadi ndi chiyani? Kodi chodabwitsa ichi chikugwirizana ndi kufotokozera ndi kutanthauzira, ndipo, palinso, kulipo kawirikawiri? Pa mafunso awa, malingaliro ambiri a anthu akhala akudodometsa kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo atapereka kuti pafupifupi aliyense wa iwo anafika pamapeto omwe ali osiyana ndi ena, lingaliro la choonadi silinatchulidwe konse.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti aliyense ali ndi kumvetsetsa kwake kwa choonadi, ndipo zonse zomwe zatsala kwa iwo omwe alibe malingaliro awo enieni ndizolowetsa chikhalidwe kapena chipembedzo ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutanthauzira komwe kumapereka. Kuti tipeze zolinga, tidzafotokozera m'nkhani zonse mfundo zazikulu za choonadi ndi mitundu yake, ndiyeno tidzakwaniritsa: kodi tanthauzo lake ndi lotani?

Mitundu ya choonadi

Pali mitundu yambiri ya lingaliro ili, koma zikhalidwe zawo zonse ndi zachibale.

Mwamtheradi

Apa, choonadi chimamveka bwino kwambiri komanso padziko lonse monga gwero la chirichonse. Zikuwoneka kuti ndi zokhazikika komanso zosasintha, koma lingaliro la "kwamuyaya" silinaphatikizidwe mu tanthawuzoli, lomwe limakayikira chikhalidwe "chosasinthika." Malingana ndi tanthauzo ili, choonadi chenichenicho ndicho cholinga cha filosofi ndi zabwino zake, komabe, pamodzi ndi izi, kutsutsana kumatsimikiziridwa: sikungamvetsetse chifukwa chifukwa cha absoluteness.

Chibale

Pano, chodabwitsa ichi chikuwoneka mofanana ndi chitsanzo chosatheka, koma kusintha kotanthauzira mukutanthauzira kwake ndikololedwa: choonadi chenicheni ndi chidziwitso chodalirika cha zomwe zilipo panopa kapena zochitika.

Cholinga chenicheni

Pano izo zimamvedwa mwa mawonekedwe a kudziwa zenizeni. Mmawu osavuta, choonadi chenicheni ndi mfundo zomwe sizidalira omwe amaganizira za izi: ndizo zomwe zili, zomwe zimasungidwa, koma mawonekedwe angasinthidwe ndi woganiza.

Amafunika

Chochitika cha mtundu uwu chikuyimiridwa mwa mawonekedwe a chidziwitso, chomwe chimapezeka mwa kugwirizana kwa mfundo kupyolera mu zochitika zamkati.

Random

Izi ndizo chidziwitso choona chomwe chimapezeka popanda kuganiza moyenera.

Kusanthula

Ndilipo pamene malo omwe amadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chiri mkati mwake chifukwa chofunikira.

Zokwanira

Izi ndizofunika kuti mudziwe zambiri pamene mukupeza choonadi.

Mfundo za choonadi

• Cholinga chachikale cha cholinga

• Wolemba. Tsatanetsatane iyi imatsogoleredwa ndi atolankhani pakufotokoza zochitika. Apa, choonadi chowonekera chikuwonetsedwa mwa mawonekedwe a malembo (kufotokozera, kufotokoza) zenizeni, malembo a lingaliro la zenizeni.
• Wovomerezeka. Choonadi monga chikhulupiriro ndi chikhulupiriro kwa munthu wovomerezeka. Zimapezeka nthawi zambiri mu zipembedzo.
• Choonadi ngati umboni. Apa, chodabwitsa ichi chikuwoneka ngati lingaliro lomveka la chinachake.
• Semantic. Icho chimayambitsa kuletsa kwa kutanthauzira kwa mawu, chifukwa mawu a mawuwa amachititsa zizindikiro.
• The naturalistic. Mu lingaliro ili, choonadi ndi lingaliro losatsutsana ndi malamulo a chirengedwe, kotero, limafanana nawo.

• Mfundo zosakhala zachikale

• Zowonongeka. M'menemo, choonadi chimadziwika ndi mgwirizano. Ndithudi, kumvetsa izi kwa chodabwitsachi kumawoneka mopanda pake.
• Ophatikiza. Pano choonadi chenichenicho chimamvedwa ngati chuma cha chidziwitso: ngati chiri chogwirizana pakati pawo, ndiye kuti ndi zoona.
• Pragmatic. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso ichi, chokha chomwe chiri chofunikira ndi chowonadi. Izi zikuphatikizapo chidziwitso chonse chomwe chingakhale chachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera bwino kapena kupambana.

Kotero, choonadi chokhazikika chiri ndi kumvetsetsa kwambiri, ndipo ndithudi palibe chowonadi. Mwina chifukwa chakuti ndizozama kwambiri kuti sungathe kukhazikitsidwa muzitsulo zilizonse, ndipo kukhalapo kwake kosatha sikungatheke, chifukwa n'kotheka pakati pa chidziwitso ndi njira yodziwitsidwa?