Zitsulo 20: GOST, mbali, katundu ndi ntchito

Chitsulo changwiro yodziwika ndi mndandanda zochepa katundu monga chitsulo kholo osati chidwi kwambiri. Koma zachokera kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi kuthekera yaikulu, m'pofunika yokha yotsimikizira mipweya ndi kupanga olondola kutentha mankhwala.

Ambiri steels structural

zitsulo zonse zochokera zachitsulo chitsulo ndi zitsulo , ndipo pali gulu ambiri. Chifukwa amapangidwa ndi magawo osiyanasiyana: mipweya, cholinga, zili zinthu zovulaza mphamvu ndi kulimba, kutakasuka, ndi ena ambiri. Yomanga - anali ambiri mu ntchito. Ena mwa iwo ndi makhalidwe chonse ndipo ali mosinthana.

Kandalama zitsulo 20 amatanthauza kalasi ya sing'anga mpweya ali ferrite-pearlite dongosolo. .. Zitsulo quality, ie, ali ndi wotsikirapo zili zinthu zovulaza sulfure ndi phosphorous. No yosaloledwa weldability lapansi. Kuphatikiza akadakwanitsira mphamvu ndi ductility kuvumbitsira zosunthika mfundo yopanga tubular adagulung'undisa mbali pansi wotsatira thermomechanical ndi thermochemical processing (cementation nthaka plating ndi chromium plating).

Makumi awiri anapeza ntchito yake

Zitsulo 20, amene katundu akhoza zosiyanasiyana malire lonse kudzera mwa mankhwala-ikukhudzana chithandizo thermomechanical ndi zofunika kwambiri pa ulimi wa chitoliro kubala mbali ndi pamwamba zolimba ndi pakati zofewa. Zimenezi zingakhale mikondo, sprockets, kutengerapo, akapichi, Kireni mbedza, mapepala zolimba kwa mitundu (profiled), mtedza ndi akapichi kwa kuika si yovuta. Chitoliro chopangidwa kuchokera kalasi zitsulo ntchito kufala kwa mpweya, nthunzi, nonaggressive madzi aziwapatsa opanikizika. Izi mipope superheater, mapaipi, paipi boilers ndi okhometsa.

Kukonzanso processing thermochemical

The mtundu womwewo ukhoza kusintha makhalidwe awo ndi kutentha mankhwala. Zitsulo grade 20 ali katundu wabwino pulasitiki, kotero nkhani anakonza therefrom mwa njira zingapo: kuponyera, wozizira kapena wotentha anagubuduza kapena zojambula. Pambuyo chiphaso cha zinthu ndi kuwatayira iwo mankhwala-matenthedwe mankhwala ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Cholinga cha njirayi - kulandira olimba avale wosanjikiza si atengeke dzimbiri, pulasitiki ndi pakati zofewa.

Kuti mbali yomalizidwa aikidwa mu chilengedwe yoyenera (obkladyvaetsya youma carbonaceous mankhwala aikidwa mu gaseous kapena madzi sing'anga), kenako anakhalabe pa maola angapo pafupifupi 1.5 masiku kutentha. Machining mwatsatanetsatane pa mfundo iyi ayenera kutha, chifukwa pambuyo mankhwala thermochemical mankhwala adzakhala kale kapangidwe komaliza. Mchitidwe osabwereranso kumeneko mpaka zitanyowetsa wosanjikiza chapamwamba mankhwala (0,3 kuti 3,0 mm), motero, mwa kuwongolera matabwa ake ndi katundu.

Malinga ndi ntchito wothandizila chithandizo amatchedwa: cyanidation (nthaka-plating), carburization (mpweya), chrome (Chrome). Mpweya amatipatsa mphamvu, nthaka - kukana dzimbiri, chromium, kuwonjezera pa zonse zikalembedwa zimapangitsa pamwamba pa galasi.

Machining kukonzanso

Mosiyana ndi njira wakale processing yomwe ikuchitika yekha kuti awaphunzitse kuuma mu pamwamba wosanjikiza wa zitsulo ndi kusinthasintha mkati, thermomechanical processing - ndi imodzi mwa njira ulili. zitsulo 20 Mwina olumala monga ndondomeko otentha kapena ozizira. Pali ubwino ndi kuipa aliyense mawonekedwe. Koma iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maziko a katundu chofunika kwambiri.

Hot mapindikidwe ntchito nkhani ndi khoma makulidwe kuposa 5 mm. Popeza anapanga okusayidi lonse ndi decarburization microlayer (zoipa kapangidwe) pamene zitsulo ndi mkangano, ndiye kutsatira mtundu wa anagubuduza woonda-mipanda mbali ndi kosathandiza. Komabe, ali limodzi ntchito yaikulu pa mapindikidwe ozizira.

Cold ntchito umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ali ndi makulidwe zosakwana 5 mm. Chifukwa chojambula ozizira okha abwino "zofewa" mitundu ya chitsulo. Pa anagubuduza zitsulo amaloŵamo mapindikidwe kwambiri kapena mavuto oipa. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka mu mphamvu yake ndi kukhalapo kwa nkhawa yaikulu mu dongosolo la. Chotero zitsulo chifukwa cha makoma ake woonda sangathe usavutike (amathera maholide, T. E. Bwezerani kapangidwe yomweyo). Ndi zambiri sachedwa kuwonongeka amadza ndi katundu wina wamphamvu. Kandalama zitsulo chitoliro (zitsulo 20) njira zosiyana kupanga ndipo analandira mbali luso zokhudza ntchito. Iwo mfundo zawo boma kwa kupanga mtundu uliwonse wa chitoliro, malamulo, zida.

adagulung'undisa ozizira msoko chubu Direct

The ndondomeko kupanga akuyamba ndi yokonza Mzere zitsulo. Chifukwa chaichi, zitsulo mapepala tadulidwa mu n'kupanga ndi welded ku lamba umodzi wautali. Anatumikira tepi pa kupinda masikono kumene zimatengera mtundu wa chitoliro a. Chotsatira - kuwotcherera. Pakuti zomangamanga aliyense ndi mfundo zofooka. Kuthetsa kuipa amene wapatsidwa kuwotcherera (oxides maonekedwe ndi mpweya amatopa) zosatheka kwathunthu, koma ntchito zina njira, zikhoza kuchepetsedwa. Kulumikiza zitsulo 20, pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi Arc kuwotcherera mu zoteteza mpweya inert (argon) kapena kupatsidwa ulemu kuwotcherera (mkulu-pafupipafupi mafunde). Chitoliro chimafikira amazilamulira kumangako china chotulutsa kenako kusema mbali kutalika anakhumba ndi kusungidwa.

Cold okokedwa machubu ndi msoko mwauzimu

Kukonzekera zitsulo kutulutsa mtundu wa chitoliro akubwereza ndondomeko mofanana kwa machubu ndi maganizo molunjika msoko. Komanso zofanana: kuwotcherera, kufufuza ndi kudulira. Kumasiyana yekha ngodya lopinda lamba, amene encloses wotsatira msoko chitoliro pamodzi limaoneka lokongola mwauzimu. Pamaziko a kapangidwe ake njira imeneyi ndi cholimba kwambiri. Ndipo akhoza kulimbana katundu okwera pa yopuma kuposa mankhwala amenewa ndi suture mwachindunji.

mipope kosatayana

mipope kosatayana makamaka cholimba, ndi zinthu zambiri: iwo alibe welded (ofooka mfundo) mu kapangidwe ka zitsulo alibe voteji aliyense, chubu makulidwe ndi osachepera 5 mm. kupangidwa - zovuta, choncho mtengo. Zitsulo 20 ndi wapadera kuti machubu akhoza chopangidwa ndi njira ziwiri - kuzizira ndipo otentha zojambula.

Hot adagulung'undisa kosatayana

Pambuyo Kutentha pamwamba 1100 ° C stitched preform wamanja ndi kuthandauza ndi awiri amkati. Monga zina kujambula chitoliro amatenga anakonzeratu miyeso mkati, kunja m'mimba mwake ndipo khoma makulidwe. Pa ndondomeko lonse kutentha kwa mankhwala adagulung'undisa amakhalabe mkulu. Izo zinali kokha pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chomaliza mawonekedwe chubu akamazizira. Pa nthawi yaitali kuzirala amapezeka tchuthi amachotsa mavuto onse zoipa pakubwezeretsa, kuchuluka mphamvu ndipo fragility. Pa kuzirala zonse zitsulo 20 amapeza makhalidwe amene anali poyamba. pochita zimenezi yekha kupanga mapaipi ndi makoma osachepera 5 mm ndi makulidwe pazipita kungakhale 75 mm.

ozizira kukopedwa kosatayana

Mosiyana ndi njira yapita, kutentha izi zimawonedwa nuance yaing'ono. The preform ndi mkangano, koma pambuyo koyamba kuboola malaya kutentha si anakhalabe ndi preform ndi limachokera boma ozizira. Njira isiyana ndi wosachedwa adagulung'undisa kuti n'zotheka kubala olimba chitoliro ndi makoma woonda, koma otentha-adagulung'undisa njira amapereka makoma wandiweyani yekha. Njirazi azigwirizana ndi kapangidwe komaliza, kuyambira pambuyo ozizira anagubuduza chitoliro pansi normalization imene kapangidwe ndi pang'ono ndipo kupita voteji.

Izi si mndandanda wonse wa mankhwala omwe vimene vimaphunzitsa mabodza Zitsulo 20 GOST 1050-74. Kuwonjezeka zosowa za anthu, pali malingaliro atsopano ndi kupanga. Koma izi mtundu okha kusintha ake mawonekedwe ndi cholinga, kusunga ndi ufulu kwinakwake.