Makhalidwe a ku Central Siberia Plateau. Chapakati Siberia Plateau: zimachititsa chilumbachi, kutalika, malo

Chapakati Siberia Plateau lagona kumpoto kwa Europe ndi ku Asia. M'dera la dziko - za hafu miliyoni makilomita. Kodi malo a ku Central Siberia Plateau pa mapu chiyani? Kum'mwera, m'dera kugona mapiri Sayan, ili Baikal ndi dera Baikal. Dera la kumadzulo kwa malire a West Siberia Plain, kumpoto - ndi North-Siberia m'zigwa kum'mawa - ndi ku Central Yakut kumveka.

pamalo

M'litali ku Central Siberia Plateau kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera - za 3 zikwi makilomita. Gawo anapanga m'dambo Paleozoic pang'ono Mesozoic. Pakuti dera komanso yodziwika ndi intrusions stratified: basalt chimakwirira ndi mumsampha. The dera wolemera miyala ya chitsulo, mkuwa ndi faifi tambala ores, graphite, malasha ndi mchere. Pali ncho diamondi ndiponso gasi. Nyengo - chokhala ndi opulumutsidwa pafupifupi dera lonse, ngakhale kuti kutalika ku Central Siberia Plateau ndithu chidwi. Zima frosty: mpweya kutentha - madigiri 20-40, pazipita - kuti -70. Chilimwe ndi ozizira kapena otentha (12-20 madigiri). Voliyumu ya mvula pa chaka amachepetsa motsogozedwa kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa - kuchokera 800 to millimeters 200. Pafupifupi dziko lonse lapansi zofala Madzi oundana. Special chipale anaphimba otsetsereka a osiyana kumadzulo yachonde Putorana. Pakati pa mitsinje ikuluikulu tisaiwale wotsika Tunguska, hangars, miyala Tunguska, Viluy, Lena, Khatanga. Awa ndi madzi ena a ku chigwa cha nyanja Arctic. Chapakati Siberia chikweza kutalika omwe, monga tanena kale, ndi okwanira kuti zayamba yokutidwa larch (kuwala coniferous) nayonso. Pa mbali ya kum'mwera ya paini wamba ndi larch ndi paini nkhalango.

Makhalidwe a ku Central Siberia Plateau

Zambiri za dera limene mukukhala m'mapiriŵa. Ndi lonse ndi lathyathyathya pakati pa mitsinje, nthawi zambiri chinyontho. Chapakati Siberia yachonde amene pafupifupi kutalika - osapitirira 500-700 mamita zigawo atagona pamwamba 1000 mamita (mpaka 1071). Nsanja m'munsi ali wotanganidwa Archean-Proterozoic apangidwe chapansi. Ndi nyanja chivundikiro Patapita nthawi. Wosanjikiza makulidwe - za 10-12 makilomita. Mu gawo kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa thanthwe outcrop (Aldan Chikopa, Anabaysky lomenyera Pribaikalskaya Nyamulani). Crustal makulidwe ambiri 25-30 Km m'madera ena - mpaka makilomita 45. Mpumulo wa ku Central Siberia Plateau kuti malowa ali kwambiri limatuluka pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kapangidwe ka malo chapansi

Nsanja kupanga mitundu yambiri ya miyala. Ena mwa iwo ndi za nsangalabwi, schists, ndi charnockites ena. Akatswiri amanena zaka ena a iwo - zaka za zitatu biliyoni anayi. Nyanja chivundikiro pamwamba si zakale zoterezi madipoziti. Mapangidwe mitundu awa a nthawi ya anthu. madipoziti Paleozoic ali zinapatsira ndi miyala igneous. Iwo inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka kuphulika ambiri, atapanga m'matanthwe nyanja. zigawo zimenezi zimatchedwa misampha. Chifukwa kusinthana kwa zigawo izi nyanja (lofooka) mitundu anapanga mpumulo analowa za gawolo. Nthawi zambiri misampha akupezeka mu dera Tunguska ya vuto. Mu Mesozoic chapakati Siberia Plateau kwakukulukulu anakumana kulimbikitsa. Chifukwa, izo anapanga Putorana yachonde. Mfundo ndi yayikulu kwambiri m'dera lonse. Kukweza pamwamba anapitiriza Cainozoic. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe ndipo maukonde mtsinje. Kuwonjezera Putorana yachonde, zolemera unkachitika mu Yenisei, ndi Anabar Massif. Zomwe zinachitika kenako, zinachititsa kusintha maukonde mtsinje. Ichi ndi kapangidwe tectonic a ku Central Siberia Plateau. Izo ziyenera anati kuti anapulumuka ena kuda machitidwe mtsinje zinalili kalelo. Kuyenda ndi mphamvu ya madzi oundana m'dera ndinali wamng'ono, kwambiri chikoka pa mpumulo iwo analibe (monga ena mbali ya dziko, mwachitsanzo). Kulera anapitiriza nthawi pambuyo glacial.

Kufotokozera za machitidwe mtsinje

Chapakati Siberia Plateau - kumveka ndi mpumulo pologovolnistym wa Entre Rios ndi zakuya (m'madera ena kanonoobrazymi) zigwa za mitsinje. Kuya wamkulu wa maiwe - mpaka mamita chikwi. formations zimenezi n'zofala kumadzulo kwa malo okwera Putorana. Kuya osachepera -. 100 mamita malo oterowo amapezeka ku Central Tunguska yachonde, North ndi ku Central Siberia Yakutskaya m'zigwa. Pafupifupi zigwa zonse mtsinje ku Central Siberia chigwa ndipo ndi mawonekedwe asymmetrical. Chinthu chapadera cha maiwe kusambira - ambiri (isanu ndi inayi) masitepe. malo zonsezi zikuloza kwa mobwerezabwereza tectonic kulimbikitsa a m'deralo. Mu lowland North-Siberia ndi Taimyr zigwa za mitsinje aumbike mwa nthawi ina. Mu bwalo ili kumeneko zimapezeka manambala ang'onoang'ono - ngakhale maiwe yaikulu ya palibe zoposa zitatu kapena zinayi.

Features zipangizo kutumphuka dziko lapansi

Pa gawo lonse pali anayi mpumulo gulu:

1. Zitunda, zitunda, zitunda zathyathyathya, mapiri ndi magulu pakati. inawo ili ku kulowa kwa crystalline chapansi.
2. Plateau ndi mosungiramo okwera. Iwo ali mu Paleozoic miyala nyanja.
3. Stratum-accumulative ndipo zigwa accumulative.
4. Plateau chiphala.

Malangizo a ku Central Siberia Plateau anayamba kupanga kuchokera kalelo. Izo ziyenera kuti njira zikuchitika masiku ano. Akugwiritsa kalelo, ndipo tsopano ali mbali imodzi. Komabe, si yeniyeni m'dera lonse. njira kukokoloka m'deralo, kumene ku Central Siberia Plateau, zovuta yaitali Madzi oundana. Iwo chindiletsa, mwa zina, mapangidwe karst ndipamene makungwa - zitsime zachilengedwe, mapanga, nambala ya miyala (gypsum, choko, miyala ndi ena). Pansi, kumene ku Central Siberia Plateau, pali lililonse kwa zina Russia wakale maphunziro glacial relict. mitundu Karst zimapezeka kokha m'madera ena kum'mwera. Kumalo amenewa palibe Madzi oundana. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka kuyikapo Leno-Aldan ndi Lena-Angara yachonde. Komabe, ngati zofunika mitundu osaya mpumulo m'madera ndi akadali cryogenic komanso kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Lolemera yamvula ndi nyengo zikuchepa chokhala chinathandiza mapangidwe padziko m'mapiriŵa, otsetsereka a m'zigwa mtsinje ndi mapiri a ambiri miyala alluvial ndi talus. Kulikonse pa Madzi oundana pansi kufala. Ulole ake kuteteza otsika pachaka avareji kutentha kwa nthawi yozizira ndi mbali chibadidwe nyengo. Mwa zina, chifukwa m'dera amakhala ndi cloudiness laling'ono, limene limathandiza kuti usiku kutentha cheza. The zosiyanasiyana nthaka chifukwa heterogeneity a miyala, chinyezi, mtunda, zimaonetsa zomera, kutentha boma. chilengedwe amakhudza kwambiri pa onse zikuchokera mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera, ndi mtundu kunja, kuchuluka kwake, komanso njira ya moyo wa nyama ndi chitukuko zomera.

Flora ndi Zinyama

Nayonso ali pafupifupi 70% za gawolo. M'dera la mapiri ku Central umalamulira mu nkhalango Coniferous operekedwa kumadzulo kwa larch Siberia kum'mawa - Dahurian. zomera Coniferous akankhidwira madera kwambiri kumadzulo. Chifukwa chilimwe osati chinyezi kwambiri ndipo ndi bwino m'dera kuposa kwina kulikonse nkhalango patsogolo kumpoto. Mu mavuto nyengo ya scalp nyama ubweya anapeza silky makamaka fluffy. The zomera za nayonso ndi yosiyanasiyana. Zilombo zolusa sizachilendo nkhandweyo, wolverine, ermine, mizati, sable ndi ena. Nyama hoofed padziko dera la musk gwape ndi ose. wamba kwambiri makoswe nkhalango, makamaka zomanga thupi zochuluka. Chirombo ichi ndi malo apadera mu malonda ubweya. M'madera chachikulu cha mapuloteni malo - mdima coniferous nayonso. Wa makoswe zina zamoyo zambiri ndithu vole, kalulu, gologolo. Mwa mbalame zamoyo sizachilendo ptarmigan, grouse. Mu 1930 dera la ku Central Siberia Plateau polima muskrat. Nyama imeneyi amakhala makamaka mitsinje pang'onopang'ono mchere, kumene ambiri chithaphwi zomera. nyama zambiri, m'dera la, yokulirapo kuposa abale awo amene amakhala mu nyengo bata.

yachonde Putorana

Kumpoto lagona penapake zachilendo, bwinja, koma wokongola malo. "The Lost World" - wotchedwa atolankhani m'deralo. The alendo ochepa amene amabwera kuno akulankhula za m'dera ngati dera ndi nyanja zikwi khumi ndi zikwi za mathithi. Putorana Plateau - chachinsinsi ndipo otchuka mtunda kuti si ofanana ndi china chilichonse. Pali m'zigwa ambiri, nyanja, Krustalo mathithi ndi galasi mitsinje bwino. Motsutsa likhale chipale chofewa ndi miyala kuoneka maluwa owala kumpoto.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za gawolo

Putorana yachonde tsidya malire a kudera lozizira kwambiri. Izi chimbuzi cha ku Central Siberia Plateau. Inakhalapo, malinga ndi asayansi, pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10-12 zaka zapitazo. Mapangidwe a gawo chinathandiza chivomezi kuti anakhudzidwa mbali yaikulu ya Europe ndi ku Asia. Dongosololi zinachititsa kuti pakhale a zilumba zazikulu mu Kara ndi Barents Pacific. Pambuyo chivomezi, nyengo zasintha (anayamba kulamulira mwankhanza ozizira), komanso zinyama ndi zomera. Lero, malo okwera ndi mtundu wa "wosanjikiza mkate" anapanga yaikulu ya outpourings chiphalaphala. M'madera ena, formations basaltic, pali awiri khumi. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse pa chaka pa nsonga ya chisanu. Ndi kupyolera mu ichi pa dera la magwero ambiri madzi. Yambani snowmelt amapezeka mu August.

Nthano Putorana yachonde

Epics ya anthu kumpoto amasunga kwambiri nthano za dera limeneli Chosiidwa. Nganasan, Nenets ndi Evenk, amene anakhalapo kalelo m'gawo lake, apa tikukhulupirira kuti Mulungu amakhala Moto - tormentor a miyoyo ya anthu, mbuye wa gehena. Malinga ndi asayansi, zikhulupiriro izi imakhudzana ndi zochepa zapitazi kukuchitika (4-5 thous. Zaka zapitazo) kuphulitsa mapiri. Wina wa Evenki nthano, mzimu moto, napulumuka ku phompho, anasangalala pamwamba Khatanga, kuchititsa madzi otentha a ku mtsinje, m'mudzi chotentha n'kusindikiza, moto nayonso kuwononga ziweto ndi anthu. Pa yachonde ndi Nyanja Khantayskoye. anthu Local kuzitcha izo chalice misozi. Nyanja imeneyi ndi chimodzi mwa kuya mu gawo lonse la Russia. Kuya kwa dziwe ukufika mamita mazana asanu. Kale Khantayskoye nyanja lopatulika. Nenets ndi Evenk mtsikana anabwera kwa iye m'kupita kwa zaka mazana, kudandaula za cholowa chawo wa mulungu Eshnu ndi kuwona tsogolo lawo tsogolo lake m'madzi. Malinga ndi nthano zakale, mulungu wa Moto Kale, kupha mwana yekhayo wa mulungu Eshnu. moyo wake wosafa mwini Gahena anatenga malo obisalamo wake mwakabisira. Wokaika Eshnu anafuula kwa nthawi yaitali, mpaka unali wakuda basalt thanthwe. Asanayambe zouma wodzazidwa kamodzi kutentha beseni ndi. Ndipo anapanga Bowl misozi.

Moyo pa malo okwera lero Putorana

m'gawo lake lili kwa zaka zambiri, pali m'modzi yekha okhazikika Pamudzi. Suli kutali ndi nyanja ili Agata nyengo siteshoni. Pa pali anthu khumi, iwo kuwatchinjiriza koloko wotchi kusintha nyengo. Koma meteorologists kusunga ndi zochitika mwachinsinsi, kufotokoza zimene angamachite ya chidule. Mwachitsanzo, kumbukirani ndodo wakale siteshoni nyengo chaka chilichonse 25 December ndi wa 7 wa January, kuchokera makumi asanu ndi awiri a atumwi wotsiriza, pafupifupi madzulo m'dera la zana-mita mazira mathithi Habarba mu mlengalenga padziko lapansi nyamuka concentric mabwalo onsewo. Mu mphindi zochepa chabe, iwo apanga losonyeza chimphona mwauzimu motsatizana mkulu mu usiku. zodabwitsazi kumatenga zosaposa maminiti khumi ndi asanu. Pambuyo mwauzimu kuti amaziralira kumdima. Pali wina chinsinsi Putorana yachonde. Padziko - zachilengedwe hexagonal m'misewu - kuoneka nthawi, anapsa akalumikidzidwa zojambula - Triangles, ovals, mabwalo.

Njira kunachitika kutumphuka dziko lapansi, ndi Mapa lotsatira

Lero, palibe chifukwa akuoneka kuukitsidwa wapachaka wa yachonde ndi theka masentimita, chifukwa mu kunadetsa chozama tectonic zolakwa maziko. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti mobisa inali yotsika kwambiri. Popeza potuluka mu ntchito za miyala, asayansi ayamba amapilira zimene tingayembekezere m'gawo la tsoka lina chibadwidwe posachedwa m'tsogolo (lowonekeratu) m'tsogolo. Akatswiri amati zotheka Mabaibulo atatu a zochitika. Mbali yoyamba, mnyamata m'malo zitunda zathyathyathya, koma wamphamvu kwambiri chiphala mapangidwe. Mu Tiyerekezenso ankaganiza mndandanda wa zivomezi zamphamvu m'ma lotsatira. Chifukwa cha pasukuluyi, latsopano thanthwe mapangidwe anagawa chapakati Siberia Plateau kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mwera kwa ambiri a kum'mawa Sayan. Wachitatu, choncho kwambiri, kudzakhala kwambiri Geological njira, ofanana mu sikelo mphamvu ya masoka achilengedwe. Motero, vuto kumachitika pa malo chimphona pawiri Siberia nsanja ndi West Siberia mbale pafupi Yenissei dziwe. Chifukwa, Taimyr chilumba anakhala chilumba, ndi madzi a Laptev Nyanja anasefukira mpita anapanga chokhala.