Mapiri a Kum'mawa ndi Kumadzulo kwa Sayan - mapiri a kum'mwera kwa Siberia

M'dziko lathu lalikulu muli mapiri ambiri a mapiri, osiyana kuchokera pamtunda wawo, komanso nyengo. Ambiri mwa massifswa ndi osauka, osakhala ndi anthu ambiri, choncho chilengedwe chasungira mawonekedwe ake oyambirira.

Pazinthu zonse za mapiri zomwe zili m'dziko lathu, zodabwitsa kwambiri, zosadziwika bwino, zokongola kwambiri ndi Sayans. Mapiri awa ali kum'mwera kwa Eastern Siberia ndipo ali m'dera la Altai-Sayan. Phiri la mapiri lili ndi mapiri awiri, otchedwa "Sayansi za Kumadzulo ndi Kummawa." Eastern Sayan ili pafupi kumadzulo pafupi ndi maboma abwino.

Western Sayan inatambasula pafupi makilomita mazana asanu m'litali, ndi Kummawa mmodzi mwa chikwi. Pogwirizana ndi mapiri, omwe amalekanitsidwa ndi mapulaneti, Western Sayan nthawi zina amatengedwa ngati mapiri a mapiri - mapiri a Tuva. Sayansi za Kum'maŵa - mapiri, omwe amatchedwa mapiri a pakati; Pa iwo pali mazira a madzi, madzi omwe amasungunuka omwe amapanga mitsinje ya Yenisei basin. Pakati pa zilankhulo za Sayan pali mapiri oposa khumi ndi awiri, osiyana siyana ndi zozama. Ena mwa iwo - Abakan-Minusinsk, odziŵika bwino kwambiri m'mabwinja. Sayans - mapiri ali otsika kwambiri. Malo okwera m'mapiri a Western Sayan ndi phiri la Mongun-Taiga (3971 mamita), ndi Eastern Munku-Sardyk (3,491 mamita).

Malingana ndi zolemba ndi mapupala olembedwa kuyambira m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, Sayans poyamba ankawoneka ngati chinthu chimodzi - Thanthwe laling'ono la Sayan, lomwe tsopano limatchedwa Sayan Range. Kenaka dzina ili likufalikira kudera lalikulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mbali ya kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Altai, mapiri a mapiri a Sayan amayenda kudera la Baikal.

Mphepete mwa ma Sayans amapezeka kwambiri ndi taiga, yomwe imadutsa m'mphepete mwa minda yam'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso m'malo okwera kupita ku phiri. Cholinga chachikulu cha ulimi ndi kukhalapo kwa thupi. Kawirikawiri, Sayan ndi mapiri owala ndi mkungudza ndi mdima wamkungudza ndi mkungudza.

Pa gawo la sayan pali malo awiri akuluakulu. Kum'maŵa - otchedwa Pillars, otchuka chifukwa cha miyala ya chiphalaphala, otchuka kwambiri pakati pa mafani a kukwera kwa thanthwe. Mapiri a Western Sayan ndi malo a Sayano-Shushensky Reserve, kumene kuli zimbalangondo, zilonda zam'mimba, mitsinje, nyamakazi, marals, musk deer ndi zinyama zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo zolembedwa m'buku la Red Book (mwachitsanzo, kambuku a chipale chofewa, kadzidzi a chipale chofewa).

Mwamunayo adayamba kukhazikika m'mapiri pafupi zaka zikwi makumi anayi zapitazo, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndi zida za miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe imapezeka pamisasa yopusa. Mu Sayansi ya Kumadzulo anapeza njira za chikhalidwe cha Irik. Kotero, mu manda ena mu Chigwa cha Mafumu pa mtsinje wa Ichik - m'manda a mtsogoleri wa Asikuti - anapeza makilogalamu 20 a golidi. Anthu a ku Russia anayamba kukhazikika pano m'zaka za zana la 17, zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya m'deralo, yomwe panthaŵiyi inali njira yokhayo yonyamulira, midzi yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri. Ndipo masiku ano, Sayansi ndi gawo lokhala ndi anthu ambiri. Chiwerengerochi chikufuna kukhala pafupi ndi misewu ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu, ngakhale kuti pali anthu aang'ono omwe amakhala kutali ndi chitukuko. Choncho, m'modzi mwa malo ovuta kufika - Kufala - Tofalara (Tofah), anthu osakwana 700, amakhala.