Nayiloni - ichi ndi chuma chapadera, osati mmalo mwa nsalu zachilengedwe

Lero, pamene ogula ambiri amakonda zovala anapanga nsalu zachilengedwe, n'zosadabwitsa synthetics minibasi kuti agwidwa dziko ndi anthu Soviet mu makumi asanu mochedwa ndi zaka zao za sikisite oyambirira a XX atumwi. Ife ndiye kunja "ochokera m'mayiko" malaya owala ndi masokosi anali yapamwamba kwambiri, dudes kulipira ndalama misala, ndi kuwonjezera zosangalatsa zokongoletsa napeza ubwino monga makhalidwe mkulu ogula.

Sambani zinthu zinali zosavuta, zinauma amazipanga kudya, pafupifupi sanafune kusita, komanso Musakhetse. Zinaoneka kuti nayiloni - ndi chizindikiro cha patsogolo luso, tsogolo iwo, zitenga kanthawi ndithu, ndi dziko lonse kuvala chuma ichi.

mbali mankhwala

Ndipotu makumi asanu, iye sanalinso latsopano. Ngati mudzapempha mafotokozedwe kwa katswiri wa zasayansi organic anayankha kuti, kwenikweni ake, nayiloni - ndi polyamide.

Popanda kupita intricacies wa sayansi, aliyense amene anachita zinthu sukulu, mukhoza kulingalira unyolo mamolekyulu anatambasula m'litali ndi ongokhala mayunitsi zofanana. Kuti nkhani ya katundu wapadera wa zambiri dongosolo polima zikhoza kusintha ndi kuwonjezera nthambi ndi mayikidwe, koma ambiri, mipweya ya nayiloni ndi lophweka, iwo apanga ku zinthu zitatu zachilengedwe kwathunthu: mpweya khala ndi madzi. Monomer, i.e. amide, zikugwirizana yekha ndi tinthu ofanana ndi polima ndipamene cholimba kwambiri ndi kugonjetsedwa mitundu kwambiri ndi chikoka zikuwononga.

Pamene nayiloni masitonkeni anali mwanaalirenji

Woyamba polymerization anachita wa amide ndi kutulutsa American kampani "DuPont" akatswiri mu 1930. Mu pafupifupi zaka khumi, pakampaniyo wayamba kupanga atali akazi, kuposa moyo imeneyi dzina lake, chotero ukuyenda wabwino. Phunziro piquant wa zovala akazi mwamsanga zimene singatheke ndi olamulira choopsa cha m'ma XX. Nayiloni masitonkeni Ndaligonjetsa dziko.

Izi mankhwala savory anali mtengo, ndi lamulo la bizinesi Mu zaka zoyambilira za msika okhawo ulamuliro wa latsopano mankhwala "DuPont" kampani. Kenako mpikisano yatsopano, ndi masitonkeni akhala angakwanitse kwambiri mwanaalirenji kwa anthu a m'mayiko amene anazipangira. Komabe, pambuyo nkhondo Europe ndi USSR iwo ankati.

Nayiloni ndi chiyembekezo prewar

Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamene polima masitonkeni American anayenda pa dziko, zachitika ndale za dziko lina, kutali osasangalatsa ndi zochitika chidwi. Anthu anali pafupi lalikulu kuphedwa lonse. The nkhondo adziwitse chofunika chuma, zosiyanasiyana. Tinali kuti mamiliyoni mazanamazana matani zida za nkhondo, kuphatikizapo imene zofunika zachilengedwe ndi mtengo zigawo zikuluzikulu monga zipangizo. Pa parachutes First World zinali za silika, ndipo galimoto ndi ndege matayala zopangidwa mphira. Cars ndi ndege ang'onoang'ono, ndi apamwamba a mayiko chikumenyana akanatha. Mu mmasate mochedwa voliyumu ya kupanga zida zankhondo amaimirira zikuchepa. Ndipo kunapezeka kuti nayiloni wa - nkhaniyo osati chifukwa kuwonjezera.

zakuthupi njira

ofunsira lankhondo la polima uyu anali waukulu kwambiri. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndi wotsatira awo zinabala kwambiri, zomwe zimafunika CHIKWANGWANI amphamvu. Nayiloni kampani "DuPont" mtundu wapadera wotchedwa moto wambiri, ndi chakuti kasanu wamphamvu kuposa chitsulo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zida thupi, amene anayika asilikali American mu theka lachiwiri la Vietnam nkhondo.

Natural mphira mu 1939 anakhala chofunika njira ndi kutumiza icho ulamuliro wa British ndi kovuta. Mu sayansi yopanga mbali kale anapangidwa kuchokera izi polima zachilengedwe, ife ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito nayiloni. Izi anathana nkhani amateteza, zidendene za nsapato za asilikali ndi mavuto ena ambiri.

M'zaka za m'ma XXI panali njira zambiri luso, zimene mbadwo wakale konse akulakalaka. Pambuyo Kutulukira radars yaying'ono wokwera pa ndege, sitima ndi mizinga, funso linauka kulenga radome. Zitsulo, zifukwa zoonekeratu, chifukwa chaichi Sikuti, izo zishango chizindikiro. Kawirikawiri milandu, ndi poliyesitala kapena nayiloni.

kachiwiri zovala

Madzi kulimbana ndi ulemu, ndi kusowa zovala zopangidwa kuchokera webs polymeric. Kulephera kwa chuma kuti "kupuma" kupanga zambiri anachitazi, zinthu "zimatengedwa." Komabe, izi akatswiri vuto aphunzira nkhondo, kupanga Kakhungu ndi zipangizo perforated. Modern nayiloni - nsalu zina zamakono, nthawi zina amatha unilaterally kuchita madutsidwe wa mamolekyulu madzi khola (motsutsana ndi analogues 40-60 ntchentche) kuti ultraviolet poizoniyu ndi kutentha.

Komabe, pamene kuchapa zovala zopangidwa nkhaniyi tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nayiloni ndi bwino kwambiri kulekerera kukhudzana ndi chlorine ali ufa ambiri. mosamala kwambiri muyenera kutsatira kusita. Komabe, zolakwa awa akhoza kukonza posachedwapa khama la akatswiri, technologists ntchito mu Makampani yotulutsa nkhaniyi.