Chaka pa US monga boma. The nkhondo ufulu wa ankawalamulira American ndi maphunziro United States. Lamulo la 1787

America zikuoneka kuti m'nthawi lonse ndi dziko zinalumikizana ndi chuma anayamba ndi ufulu wofanana ndi anthu. N'zovuta kulingalira kuti izi ndi dziko palokha kamodzi chabe njuchi yaikulu Ufumu wa Britain, ndi chaka cha US Department of Education monga boma - uwu si tsiku osiyana pano kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipotu, United States amaonedwa kukhala mmodzi wa mayiko womaliza dziko, sipangakhalenso kugwirizana ndi wachinyamata angoyamba ntchito yake.

America - anapeza kwambiri pa mbiri ya anthu

Ngakhale America anatulukira ndi Scandinavia kale ankafika pa kugombe la Spain, koma lonse ophunzira dziko amaona tsiku la Kupezeka kwa America mu 1492. Christopher Columbus anafika Bahamas, chinali chiyambi cha kulamulira kwa Africa ndi ku Spain. Patangotha zaka makumi asanu pa gombe American, pali ena yamalinga kwambiri Spanish midzi, amene anakhala ku mayiko amenewa.

The English anadza kwa America okha 1607-mamita maziko Jamestown. Dziwani kuti kuthetsa mofulumira kwambiri ku Britain zonse kufika atsamunda watsopano, amene akwanitsa kukakhala malo atsopano. America adamkodola osamuka expanses ambiri, chuma zachilengedwe ndi lonjezo lalikulu. Ambiri anasamukira ndi mabanja awo, kulipira sitima zawo. Koma panali magulu ena a anthu amene anayenda ndi madalitso a British Korona. England ali kunja kuti apeze poponda pa gombe American, boma anaona m'mayiko amenewa ufulu maziko kwafalikira chuma Britain.

Kubadwa kwa Mayflower Yaying'ono

Ngati tikambirana mapangidwe a US Mwachidule, tinganene motsimikiza kuti 1620 chinali chosaiwalika m'mbiri ya dziko. Kuti chombo "Mayflower" anafika pa nthawi imeneyi kugombe la America, amene anatenga banja Puritani, kuthawa kuzunzidwa ndi boma la Britain. Apa iwo anakhazikitsa awo Plymouth Colony, poganiza kuti amange anthu ufulu. Zodabwitsa, Oyeretsa, amenenso mozizwitsa anathawa mwankhanza kubisa dissent aliyense mabungwe ake. Iwo bwino kutsatira ziphunzitso zawo zachipembedzo ndi anachotsedwa mudzi amene akhoza kulankhula maganizo awo. Komabe, Oyeretsa anatha kulankhula ndi pafupifupi madera onse English, anapangana ndi iwo Meyflaurskoe pangano. Iwo atsamunda m'gulu Akumakambirananso ufulu, demokalase ndi kulekana kwa mpingo ndi boma. Akukhulupirira kuti ambiri mwa mfundo za pangano anadzakhala maziko a Constitution US.

Chitukuko cha madera a English pa nthaka American

Kumvetsa pamene United States inakhazikitsidwa monga boma, m'pofunika zinayambira a madera, umene unakula mofulumira mu gombe American. Kwa zaka makumi asanu pambuyo ankafika loyamba la madera British khumi anaonekera mu United States, amene ali zikwizikwi anthu.

Anthu ambiri anasamukira ku Dziko Latsopano mwa zikwi, aliyense chombo latsopano atsamunda, poganiza kuti chimwemwe chawo mu America. Ena bwino, mwa mawu a pakamwa anapita nkhani za anthu wamba kupeza ndalama zochuluka kulimbikira ndi woonamtima ntchito. Mfundo imeneyi anakhala maziko a chikhalidwe American, komabe aliyense American wadzikwaniritsa mwayi kuti akhoza kukwaniritsa mu charo ichi cha wapamwamba.

makampani American kutukuka kwambiri, zomwe osakhutira ndi boma la Britain. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, njuchi angatero yokha ndi zipangizo ndi katundu wa ogula sitima asiya ankalamulira kusinthanitsa ndi India. Zonsezi analimbitsa udindo wa osamukawo, koma zinamuipira kufanana kwa malamulo ya ku Britain. Britain ndi mphamvu zonse asagwiritse ufulu wa madera ake:

• zonse kuwonjezeka msonkho;
• anayambitsa zofunikila pa malonda ndi maiko ena;
• katundu wa katundu ankaloledwa pa mabwalo English;
• Zonsezi ndi zipangizo zinkachokera ku Britain;
• bata mu ankawalamulira zonse kumakhala asilikali a ku Britain.

Chaka chilichonse kusakhutira a anthu ochokera ku boma British kuchuluka.

Chiyambi cha nkhondo ya wodzilamulira

Ngati inuyo mumaona mwachidule US ophunzira za chinthu chachikulu, ndithu anatchula ntchito za Benjamin Franklin ofunika. Mu 1754, anasolola chidwi za ntchito English yamalamulo kulenga anthu amene ali pang'ono wodzilamulira kuchoka ku Britain. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, mutu wa madera North America ayenera kuima pulezidenti, woikidwa ndi boma la England. chikalata Zimenezi kwambiri a ufulu ndi udindo alendo, koma sanali kulengeza njuchi palokha kwathunthu. Ntchito wakhala kwambiri nzeru ndi akhoza muchepetse mavuto anthu a ku America, koma nthawi iyo kukanidwa ndi malamulo ya ku Britain.

Pomaliza anaulula zolinga za boma la Britain chisangalalo mu Boston ndi kukana kuganizira zochita za Choyamba Ngelezi Congress, zomwe ndi ntchito anzake a nthumwi makumi asanu pafupifupi limati onse. Poyankha, Britain anatumiza kwa kugombe la America Zombo Zankhondo amene anapanga ankawalamulira mogwirizana mdani wamba.

Chaka pa US monga boma: magawo a asilikali msonkhano 1775-1783

Atamva za njira ya usilikali British, Achimereka anasankha kupita ku nkhondo ndipo mosazengereza kuteteza ufulu wawo ufulu. The nkhondo ufulu wa ankawalamulira American ndi maphunziro United States anali magawo ambiri zozizwitsa mu zochitika za dziko, amene asonyeza dziko mgwirizano wa anthu amatha refract vuto lililonse.

Dziwani kuti ngakhale nkhondoyo isanayambe, ankawalamulira ankatsogoleredwa ndi mabungwe m'dera mwaluso zokwanira. Iwo ankagwira ntchito ngati maziko kwa chilengedwe cha asilikali ndi nthambi zina za boma. Mu 1776, nthumwi Chachiwiri Ngelezi Congress analengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chikalata cha wodzilamulira, akufotokoza mfundo za boma la achinyamata. Pa nthawi yomweyo, General Washington anasankhidwa mkulu wa Army America. Tsopano tsiku July 4, 1776 chikondwerero monga Tsiku lokumbukira ufulu wodzilamulira, ndiko kuti, chaka US Department ya Education - boma latsopano pa mapu a dziko lapansi.

Mpaka 1777 asilikali a ku America anagonjetsedwa ndi British kudutsa mzere kutsogolo. Ichi chinali chifukwa yokonza osauka a asilikali komanso asilikali zoipa ophunzitsidwa, chifukwa asilikali anali anthu wamba, n'komwe usilikali. Mobisa anathandiza atsamunda French, nayenso, anali madera awo pa gombe American. Pokhapokha chigonjetso yoyamba ya Ngelezi Army pa Saratoga, France walemba mgwirizano ndi America kuti andithandize. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asilikali anayamba kupeza zombo French ndi asilikali. Nkhondo wadutsa monyang'ama mfundo zake.

Mu 1781, asilikali British anagonjetsedwa ndi asilikali a atsamunda ndi British kuyamba zokambirana ndi anthu opandukawo. Mpaka zaka ziwiri mu madera ambiri ndewu, koma nkhondo yafika pamapeto pake zomveka. Mu 1783, izo kuboma ufulu American ku British Korona.

Chaka pa mbiri US ya Constitution

America ali tcheru kwambiri magawo onse mbiri ya chitukuko cha dziko lawo. Alemekeza onse chikalatacho, popanda imene maphunziro US sizikanakhala zotheka. Lamulo la 1787 akuganiza Choyamba ndi chofunikira ndi chikalata cha boma wamng'ono.

Mbiri kwambiri kwa Constitution wazunguliridwa ndi unyinji wa mbiri ndi mfundo zochititsa chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, ku America ambiri amakayikira, kodi tsiku kuganiziridwa kuti chaka US Department of Education. Malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, ichi 1776 - chaka Chikalata cha wodzilamulira, pamene anali analengeza chilengedwe cha dziko latsopano pamaziko a ufulu ndi ofanana. Malinga ndi ena, chaka pamene United States ndi ofanana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution.

N'zochititsa chidwi chikalata ichi chosaiwalika analengedwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zapadera. nthumwi analemba Constitution, kutenga monga maziko machitidwe osiyanasiyana malamulo anatengera ena midzi atsamunda. Zotsatira zake zinali m'malamulo yayifupi m'mbiri ya anthu, ndi kuti tsiku limeneli pafupifupi osati masinthidwe iliyonse yaikulu.

The ratification ya Constitution US

N'zosadabwitsa Constitution poyamba anatengera limati awiri okha, kutanthauza kuti izo zikanakhoza kukhala chikalata malamulo, amene angatanthauze utsogoleri dziko. Benjamin Franklin, ndi kugwira ntchito pa chilengedwe cha kalatayi, atathana chiwembu cha malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino kusainira naini a mayiko khumi ndi zitatu. Zimenezi boma wamng'ono pa nthawi mwayi zachitika chifukwa demokalase sanali mawu opanda pake, ndi chifukwa cha chikalata chachikulu cha dziko.

The chakudya yaikulu ya Constitution US

NdiAmene la Constituion US anamveketsa mfundo chosiyana kwambiri zonse, nthawi yoyamba limati anali ufulu zonsezi, si zokhazo kukakamiza boma. Chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa Thomas Jefferson ndi George Washington, inati unayamba ufulu polimbana ndi mavuto ake mkati. Mphamvu zonse unagawidwa nthambi zitatu:

• malamulo;
• wamkulu;
• khoti.

Njira imeneyi amaloledwa kukhala ufulu wa munthu ndi kulemekeza ufulu wa aliyense nzika payekha.

Opunduka bakha Kukonzedwa

Mu chaka cha mapangidwe a Constitution US zinkaoneka chikalata angwilo, koma patatha zaka zitatu zinaonekeratu kuti ukusowa kuwonjezapo. Kuyambira nthawi Constitution la kukonzedwa ndi zitsulo, koma chiwerengero chawo ndi laling'ono kwambiri pa mbiri ya mabuku amenewa.

Panopa izo analandira kusinthidwa twente-seveni okha bungwe la khumi zikwi mu 1791. Izi zikutanthauza kuti bukuli ndi kwambiri patsogolo pa nthawi yake ndi akadali zogwirizana.

mbiri US lili ndi zochitika zozizwitsa, koma yowala kwambiri masamba ake ndi kulenga zimachitika palokha ndipo mapangidwe nthambi bwino ntchito lerolino.