Amene Aroma anatcha akunjawo? N'chifukwa chiyani Aroma anatcha akunjawo Germany?

Amene Aroma anatcha akunjawo, wodziwika mu mbiri monga mmodzi mwa zifukwa kuchepa kwa ufumu wamkulu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mawu amamuonera ophiphiritsira, ndipo wabwera zikutanthauza mbuli ndi mwano munthu.

Origin mawu

The etymology la mawu akuti "wakunja" ali mizu Greek. kumasulira weniweni - "mlendo." Choncho Agiriki wotchedwa okhala maiko ena amene kuli otukuka. Akukhulupirira kuti liwu anatuluka monga onomatopoeic. Alendo anayankhula mu chinenero chachilendo. Agriki awo phokoso ophatikizidwa mu gibberish zovuta kuzimvetsa ndi kubwereza kwa phokoso lomwelo - "var".

Mawu lomwelo anaonekera Latin. N'chifukwa chake Aroma anatcha akunjawo Germany. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa anthu a ufumu analanda mbali zambiri za chikhalidwe cha anthu anagonjetsa. Agiriki akale - chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri pa ichi "cholowa". Kwa iwo Aroma ali penapake olakwika nthano, miyambo ndi a mzinda, komanso mawu ena atsopano mu chinenero. Mtima alendo m'dziko, ndipo kenako mu Ufumu anali Nabala.

Amene Aroma anatcha akunjawo? Aselote, Germany, Thracians, Asilavo, Asukuti Sarmatians, ndi zina zotero. D. ambiri a mafuko amenewa ankakhala kumpoto kwa ufumuwo.

Germany

Achita vuto lalikulu kwa chitukuko Roma. Mu I m'ma AD. e. mafuko zitakhazikitsidwa gawo lalikulu pakati pa Rhine - kumadzulo, ndi Vistula - kummawa. The Germany sanakhalepo mtundu umodzi - unali mpira yaikulu mabungwe osiyana. Koma ambiri, moyo wawo, chinenero ndi makhalidwe anali ofanana.

Ajeremani pankhondo ndi aakulu okhala nkhalango. Amene Aroma anatcha akunjawo, ndi bungwe akulowera zonse ndi kudana ufumuwo. malire ake kumpoto kwa mtsinje Danube. Pa magombe ake anamanga forts yamalinga, kumene kumakhala asilikali. Ndi inertia Aroma titayensa kugonjetsa Germany, ndipo angagwirizanitse kwa ufumu wa dziko lapansi.

Zinthu zimene ali anasiya pambuyo Nkhondo ya Teutoburg Forest. nkhondo kunachitika mu chaka 9. The Germany anagonjetsa magulu atatu, ndipo kenako Aroma kuyenda ulendo kupitirira malire ake kuti alinkuthedwa. Ndipo pa mfundo imeneyi ili m'malire a mitundu ina wakhala ndi chitukuko kunja.

Moyo wa mafuko a Germany

Ancient mafuko oobschestvenny njira, zomwe Aroma otchedwa akunjawo, anali chitsanzo cha dera mafuko. Germany nthawi pa nkhondo wina ndi mzake kwa chuma. Inasintha maunansi awo ndi Aroma zinachitika mafumu anayamba ganyu akunjawo asilikali awo. Nthawi zina zimenezi atsogoleri wopanduka, amene anali okwanira kuchuluka kwa golide. The Germany akukonda asilikali aliyense. Iwo anali ankhanza ndi mtima ankhondo, ali ndi mphamvu kuposa a ku chigawo chakumwera cha ufumu.

Ena mercenaries anali kukhala pakati pa Aroma, kulandira malipiro. Iwo anatenga chikhalidwe winawake. Mwachitsanzo awo anakhala opatsirana. The Germany, amene ankakhala pakati pa Rhine ndi Vistula, komanso ngati golide ndi zinthu zina Roma. M'kupita kwa nthawi, inflow wa akunjawo mu ufumuwo kunandithandiza, zachititsanso mikangano mitundu ndi nkhondo.

Great Ataliatali

Mkangano pakati pa Germany ndi Aroma ngakhale zovuta pamene mapeto a IV m'ma Great Ataliatali. Kum'mawa anabwera pankhondo Huns. Izi wongosamukasamuka anachotsedwa kwawo wakale Asilavo. Komanso, nkhondo ya Huns jitters Germany.

The Goths anali mmodzi wa mafuko waukulu mu gulu ili. M'chaka 376 anawoloka Danube, ndipo pambuyo chigamulocho ndi Mfumu Valens anayesa kuthetsa pa gawo Roma. Komabe, nyumba yatsopano ya akunjawo azisonyeza ndi udani zake zonse mwachibadwa. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kupanduka. Choncho anayamba nkhondo Gothic. Amene Aroma anatcha akunjawo anagonjetsa asilikali Mfumu. Izi zachititsa mavuto yaitali mu boma.

Nkhondo Gothic mu ufumu anakhamukira ndi mafuko ena wakunja. Kapenanso anagonjetsa kapena amafuna msonkho zonse. Anthu amene anawaitana akunjawo ndi Aroma, pogroms ndi mizinda moto. Yotchuka kwambiri m'chaka 410 kugwa kwake Rome. Likulu la ufumu anagwidwa ndi fuko la Visigoths ndi kutsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri Alaric.

Kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Roma

Zitatha izi akufinya State nkhonya otsala zigawo anali chitetezo ndi akunjawo lapansi. Mu Gau (ano France) anadza Suevi ndi Vandals. Mafuko kuchuluka analimbikitsa pamodzi. Pomaliza, ena ku Gau molimba Germany - Afulanki ndi Burgundians. Iwo anali makolo a mtundu ano French. Vandals anakhazikitsa ufumu wawo mu Africa North. Italy analanda Lombards. Mu 476 mercenaries German anagonjetsa otsiriza Mfumu ya Roma Augustus, Romulus. mzinda anayamba kulamulira akunjawo. Iwo anali mapeto a Ufumu wa Chiroma.

Pa nthawi yomweyo kummawa kwa boma kale Byzantine anali. likulu lake linali Constantinople (ano Istanbul). Mafumu a Boma adadzikweza kuchiyang'anira olamulira Roma. Byzantines anafuna ngakhale kubwerera ku Italy, ngakhale anavutika. Iwo anayankhula mu Greek. Mafumu kugula kuchokera akunjawo mothandizidwa ndi golide. Ena mwa iwo anatengedwa kupita kunkhondo. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, Ufumu wa Byzantine anatha kupulumuka Wamkulu Ataliatali ndi m'nkhondo zina ndi akunjawo lapansi. boma chinakhalapo mpaka 1453, pamene Constantinople anagwidwa ndi Turkey.

Asilavo

Alendo sanali kokha Germany. Kodi Aroma anatcha akunjawo anthu, kuwonjezera anansi ake kumpoto? Kuwonjezera pa Germany, iwo anali Asilavo amene ankakhala kum'mawa kwa iwo. Pa nthawi ya Roma inali kudziŵika pambuyo Wamkulu Ataliatali. Wapanikizidwa Huns Asilavo anasamuka kumadzulo kwa kwawo pachiyambi.

Iwo anatenga yaikulu m'dera la pa Oder Mtsinje kwa malire chapamwamba wa Volga. M'kupita kwa nthawi, pa malo zinenero Asilavo anagawidwa m'magulu atatu aakulu (kumadzulo, kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa). Awa ndiwo amene Aroma anatcha akunjawo. Mafuko, amene ndi osaphunzira, komabe anali achikunja. Iwo anali zawo wapadera milungu yosiyanasiyana. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Asilavo anatengera Chikhristu, koma pambuyo kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Roma. yofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko imeneyi nyimbo ndi Byzantium.

Old Asilavo miyambo

Old anthu Asilavo inamangidwa pa miyambo ya makolo. Ambiri mwa zosankha anatengedwa ndi Komiti. Zinali msonkhano kumene aliyense anali ndi ufulu kuvota. Ngati Germany, ndi Asilavo anagawidwa ambiri kugwirizana mafuko. M'kupita kwa nthawi, m'nthawi ndi zovuta ethnogenesis iwo anapanga maiko atsopano.

Onse Asilavo, kupatula Zitsulo, Czechs ndi Croatia anatengera Chikhristu ku Constantinople nyemba. Ena ndinalowa tchalitchi cha Katolika ku Rome. Pamodzi ndi Chikristu mwa Asilavo anali zilembo zake. Komanso m'mbuyomu tinapita asapita mafuko. Mu oyambirira Middle Ages Asilavo anapanga dziko lawo boma. Ena abwanamkubwa anayamba mutu wa mfumu ya chitsanzo Western.