Kachitidwe ka Chiroma numeral - ndi wokongola, koma ndi kovuta?

Kachitidwe ka Chiroma numeral ankakonda Ulaya Ages Middle Komabe, popeza kuti zinali zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito, lero pafupifupi konse ntchito. M'malo mophweka kwambiri mawerengero Arabic, amene anapanga masamu zambiri zophweka ndi zosavuta.

Ngati maziko a dongosolo la Roma atengedwa mphamvu khumi, ndi theka awo. Kale, munthu sipafunika kujambula ambiri ndi yaitali, kotero ya kanjedza zofunika poyamba inatha zikwi. manambala zalembedwa kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, ndi ndalama zawo ndi akuimira chiwerengero mwasankha.

Chachikulu kusiyana kwagona kuti kachitidwe ka Chiroma numeral ndi nonpositional. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makonzedwe a ziwerengero mu chiwerengero mbiri silimanena kufunika kwake. Roman numeral "1" kwalembedwa monga «Ine». Tsopano ife kuika mayunitsi awiri pamodzi ndi kuyang'ana pa tanthauzo: «II» - izi ndi monga Roma numeral 2, pamene "11" zinalembedwa kakyulasi Roma "XI ndi". Kuwonjezera kanjedza zina zofunika wagawo mmenemo amaonedwa kukhala zisanu, khumi, asanu, zana limodzi, mazana asanu ndi limodzi zikwi omwe amaimira V, X, L, C, D ndi M.

Mu dongosolo decimal ife ntchito lero, kuphatikizapo mu 1756 chiwerengero woyamba akunena kuti chiwerengero cha zikwi, wachiwiri - mazana, wachitatu - makumi, ndipo lachinayi ndi chiwerengero cha mayunitsi. Choncho, umatchedwa pamalo dongosolo, ndi kuwerengetsa ntchito anapangidwa ndi kuwonjezera Akamva ziwalo wina ndi mzake. The Roman dongosolo numeral zoti mosiyana: lili mtengo wa manambala lonse zimadalira pa dongosolo manambala umboni. Mwachitsanzo, kumasulira chiwerengero 168 ayenera kuonedwa kuti onse akhoza kuwapeza zilembo zazikulu: ngati manambala lamanzere kuposa nambala yoyenera, chiwerengero adzachotsedwa, mu mulandu wina - apangidwe. Choncho, 168 adzalembedwa monga CLXVIII (C-100, LX - 60, VIII - 8). Monga mukuonera, kachitidwe ka Chiroma numeral amapereka manambala wolemera kwambiri mbiri, kupanga kovuta kwambiri Kuwonjezera ndi wochotsera yaikulu, osanenapo khalidwe la magawano ndi chulutsa ntchito zawo. Kachitidwe ka Chiroma ali drawback lina lalikulu, akuti kupanda ziro. Choncho, ntchito masiku ano okha amanena mitu mu mabuku, zaka zambiri, mwambo masiku, pamene palibe kufunika pogwira ntchito masamu.

Tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala zosavuta ntchito dongosolo decimal, phindu la manambala limene likugwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha ngodya mu aliyense wa iwo. Iye poyamba anaonekera mu VI atumwi ku India, ndi zilembo mmenemo kalekale inagona kokha kwa atumwi XVI. Ku Ulaya, ziwerengero Indian, wotchedwa Arab atagonjetsa kudzera ntchito ya masamu wotchuka Fibonacci. Kupatukana ndi inteja ndi mbali fractional mu dongosolo Arabic amagwiritsa koma kapena nyengo. Koma makompyuta makamaka ntchito dongosolo bayinare, amene ali wamba ku Ulaya, chifukwa cha ntchito ya Leibniz, lomwe ndi chifukwa chakuti akapsa ntchito makompyuta, kumene kungakhale ziwiri zokha ntchito maudindo.