Black Sea: Denizens wa Zakuya. Photo ndi kufotokozera

Ndani amene kamodzi pa Black Sea gombe, osati pamadzi mu mandala wofatsa yoweyula, osati kutenthetsa pa gombe nsangalabwi pansi kuwala kwa chilimwe kapena kugwa kwa dzuwa, iye ayenera ataya kwambiri! A ofunda monga mkaka mwatsopano, madzi, ndithudi, ife okhala Nyanja Black anakumana kangapo: oopsa ndipo osati kwambiri. Za wina yemwe amakhala ku imodzi mwa wapadera kwambiri mwa nyanja ya dzikoli, kuwerenga nkhani.

Wapadera chilengedwe

Nyanja Black ndi kapangidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha Pamudzi ndi zomera moyo zofuna wapadera ndi chosiyana kwambiri. mozama Izi lagawidwa m'zigawo ziwiri zosiyana. Kuti akuya 150, nthawi zina mamita 200, mpweya alipo m'dera okhala moyo Black Sea. Chirichonse pansipa mamita 200 - haidrojeni sulphide zone, wopanda moyo ndi buku la misa madzi oposa 85%. Choncho malawi zimatheka pamene pali mpweya (zosakwana 15% a gawo).

Amene amakhala apa?

Anthu a Nyanja Black - algae ndi nyama. Choyamba - mazana angapo mitundu, wachiwiri - oposa awiri ndi theka zikwi. Awa, 500 - zokhala ndi selo imodzi, 1900 - invertebrates, 185 - nsomba, 4 mitundu - nyama.

timayandama

Black Sea ... The okhala izo - mitundu yonse ya algae: tseratsium, peridinium, eksuviella ndi ena. M'chaka oyambirira pali algae kuswana pachimake. Nthawi zina ngakhale madzi zikuoneka kuti kusintha mtundu, kukhala a buluu nofeki ndi zofiirira. Izi chikugwirizana ndi mphamvu magawano zomera (maluwa madzi). Tima kuswana Rhizosolenia, hetotserosy, skletonema. Pamene kubalana misa timayandama unalembedwa chiyambi - pakati chilimwe. Pakati pansi algae Phyllophora kudziŵika kuti oposa 90% ya kulemera okwana. Phyllophora anawonjezera kuti kumpoto ndi. Cystoseira, algae ena, ndi ambiri mu nyanjayi kum'mwera kwa Crimea. Simukhala kwambiri nsomba wamng'ono, kudyetsa wamoyo pakati algae (kuposa 30 ya nsomba).

nyama benthic

Mwa nyama kuti moyo pansi kapena pansi pa nyanja (benthos) - invertebrates zosiyanasiyana: nkhanu ndi nsomba zazinkhanira, nyongolotsi, rhizomes, anemones ndi ngale. Ndi benthos ndipo ali gastropods Mwachitsanzo, onse rapana amadziwika ndi anthu a Nyanja Black. Mndandanda akanakhoza kupita: mamazelo, scallops, ngale - elasmobranch. Nsomba: fulonda, kuwala, nyanja chinjoka, ruff ndi ena. Oterewa topezeka limodzi. Ndipo limodzi unyolo chakudya.

modabwitsa

Okhazikika okhala Nyanja Black - ndi modabwitsa, zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Rhizostoma - waukulu modabwitsa, mowirikiza kwambiri. Kukula mzikiti ake nthawi zina ukufika theka mita. Rhizostoma poizoni, izo zikhoza choipa, ofanana ndi ululu. Iwo chifukwa redness pang'ono woyaka, nthawizina - matuza. Kuti izi modabwitsa chachikulu ndi mzikiti pang'ono wofiirira si inamuluma, muyenera dzanja lake motsogozedwa akugwira dzanja chapamwamba osati wokhudza tentacles.

Aurelia - zing'onozing'ono modabwitsa Black Sea. Si choncho chakupha mchimwene wake, koma kukumana naye ndi kupewedwa.

ngale

okhala sitima ya nyanja Black - mamazelo, nkhono, scallops, brine. Onse mollusks awa edible ndipo ali zopangira kwa mbale tsaya. Mwachitsanzo, nkhono ndi mamazelo ndi ayipanga mwachindunji. Nkhono ndi olimbikira kwambiri ndipo akhoza kupita popanda madzi pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Iwo akhoza moyo mpaka zaka 30. nyama imatengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma.

Mamazelo komanso zochepa woyengedwa. Nthawizina ngale chachikulu chipolopolo amakhala pinkish mtundu. Mamazelo - madzi nyanja Zosefera. Pankhaniyi, iwo kudziunjikira zonse zimene osasankhidwa. Choncho, angaŵerengedwe yekha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, ndi bwino kupewa kudya mamazelo, amene chakula doko kapena malo ena ndi madzi kwambiri wowonongeka.

okhala m'madzi a Nyanja Black - ndi scallops. Mtundu uwu wa mollusk ikuyenda madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotakasika. Mwamsanga kutseka mavavu chipolopolo ndi kunditumiza ku ndege madzi pa mtunda wa kuposa mita. Ndipo komabe scallops zambirimbiri maso achabechabe. Koma zonse izi, nsombayi - khungu! Awa ndi anthu lachinsinsi la nyanja.

Mu Black Sea mwachizolowezi Rapa. mollusc Ichi ndi chilombo ndipo nyama yake - ndi mamazelo chomwecho ndi nkhono. Koma iye ali ndi chokoma nyama chokhala Nsombazi, kumene ife wodziwitsidwa msuzi kwambiri.

nkhanu

Onsewo madzi - khumi mitundu. Onse a iwo samafuna zamitundu lalikulu. Yaikulu - krasnokory. Koma palibe oposa 20 masentimita awiri.

nsomba

Nyanja Black ndi kunyumba kwa mitundu za 180 za mitundu yonse nsomba, kuphatikizapo Nsombazi, woyera Nsombazi, anchovy, hering'i, sprat, nsomba ya makerele, nsomba, fulonda, sculpin. Kawirikawiri amasambira nsomba zamipeni. Pali nyanja kavalo, nsomba singano, gurnard, monkfish.

Nsomba malonda - mullet, limene kwa mitundu itatu, mullet, anabweretsa ku nyanja ya Japan ndipo anakhala mitundu chandamale. Chifukwa chiwerengero cha kwambiri madzi kuwonongeka mullet utachepa posachedwapa.

Pakati makope choyambirira - stargazer nsomba kapena nyanja ng'ombe. Iye digs kwambiri m'matopemo, kotero kuti padziko ndi masharubu chokhala maonekedwe a nyongolotsi wakhala poyera. Barbel nsomba nyambo nsomba yaing'ono ndi chakudya pa iwo.

M'madzi singano ndi kavalo zimaswana osati mu madzi koma khungu makutu kuseri amuna, kumene kuli kwa mwachangu linanena bungwe. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti maso a nsomba akhoza kuyang'ana mu madera osiyana ndi atembenuza payekhapayekha mzake.

Scad ndi anagawira mu madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. M'litali - 10-15 masentimita. Kulemera - mpaka magalamu 75. Kukhala nthawi zina zaka zitatu. Izo wakudya nsomba ndi zooplankton asatipusitsenso.

Bonito ndi wachibale wa nsomba ya makerele ndi. Kufika kutalika kwa 75 masentimita, kuti ali ndi zaka 10. Izi zolusa nsomba spawning ndi okalamba mu Nyanja Black, yozizira chimapita kupyola Bosporus.

Gobies 10 mitundu. Yaikulu - martovik kapena umodzi wa achule. Ochuluka kuposa - zipika.

Zelenushek pa nyanja - 8 mitundu. Iwo kudya mphutsi molluscs. Pa spawning amathandiza chisa pakati pa miyala.

Fulonda, nsomba ya taboti ndi anapezeka ku Nyanja Black kulikonse. Izo wakudya nsomba ndi nkhanu. Akafika yolemera makilogalamu 12. Zikukambidwa ndipo flatfish ena.

Yenda momyata stingray - nsombazi wachibale. Ugwire nkhanu, ngale, shrimp. Iwo ali mchira serrated singano okonzeka ndi poizoni England. pokha ake kwa munthu kuwawa kwambiri, moti nthawi zina amapha.

Sipikala kapena grouper, zimadza m'chaka ndi chilimwe, pamene kuyendera madzi awa spawning. Izo wakudya zooplankton. Kulemera nsomba sadzachitanso ukufika magalamu 100. Monga mmodzi wa mitundu ikuluikulu ya Asodzi kupanga.

Gar - nsomba mpaka oposa theka, sagittal, ali ndi mlomo elongated. Spawning chikuchitika mu May - August. Zimachokera ndi nyengo za m'Nyanja ya Marmara.

Bluefish amatanthauza nsomba zolusa ndi ng'ombe. Iwo akulemera makilogalamu 10, kutalika kufika mita. Nsomba thupi laterally elongated. Pakamwa lalikulu, ndi pakamwa lalikulu. Ugwire nsomba yekha. Poyamba ankaona nsomba.

Nsombayi

Katran (kapena dogfish) kawirikawiri akula mamita awiri. A mphaka nsombazi (stsillium) - mita. Mukuvetsa zimenezi awiri kwa nsombazo, wopita ku Nyanja Black kuti munthu sayenera kuimira choopsa chilichonse. Koma mitundu ya nsomba ndi wankhanza adani. Shark nyama (ndi livers awo ndi zipsepse) ntchito pophika zakudya zosiyanasiyana Black Sea mbale. Kuyambira katrana chiwindi kupanga mankhwala amene atilakwira ndi kubalana wa maselo a khansa.

thupi Qatran ali ndi mawonekedwe streamlined, pakamwa kachigawo woboola pakati ndi mano lakuthwa, anakonza m'mizere angapo. mtembo wake yatcheredwa ndi waung'ono koma lakuthwa minga (choncho dzina - spiny dogfish). Katran - viviparous nsomba. The wamkazi chibala panthawi 15 mwachangu kukula ang'onoang'ono. Anapulumutsidwa ndi kudyetsedwa katran nkhosa. Mu kasupe ndi yophukira - pafupi ndi gombe m'nyengo yozizira - kozama.

Anthu a Nyanja Black - Dolphins (imodzi zinsomba)

Okwana awa mitundu itatu ya madzi. Yaikulu - botolo dolphin. Pang'ono zochepa - anamgumiwa wamba. Laling'ono - porpoises, kapena doko porpoise.

Botolo Dolphin - wokhala ambiri dolphinariums. Sayansi mtundu uwu ndi zofunika kwambiri. Kuti asayansi kuphunzira botolo dolphin padziko lonse pamaso pa malingaliro. Iwo - anabadwa maseŵeralo. Botolo anamgumiwa mokondwera kuchita zosiyanasiyana za ndale. Kuganiza kuti iwo kwenikweni chifukwa. Si ngakhale maphunziro, ndi zina mogwirizana ndi kamvetsedwe ka umunthu ndipo dolphin. Botolo anamgumiwa kokha kumvetsetsa chikondi ndi chilimbikitso. Chilango si anazindikira konse, ndiye mphunzitsi aliyense sukukhalakonso kwa iwo.

Botolo Dolphin kuti ali ndi zaka 30. thupi lakelo zina ukufika makilogalamu 300. Kutalika kwa thupi - mpaka mamita awiri ndi theka. anamgumiwa izi bwino ndinazolowera malo m'madzi. The zipsepse kutsogolo akhale ngati zowongolera nagawa imodzi. Caudal - amphamvu tinakwera, kulola kukhala wamakhalidwe liwiro (zoposa 60 Km / h).

Botolo anamgumiwa ndi pachimake maso kumva. Iwo kudya nsomba ndi nkhono (kudya mpaka makilogalamu 25 patsiku). Kodi kukoka mpweya wake pa mphindi 10. Madzi kuti akuya mamita 200. Kutentha thupi la - madigiri 36,6, monga mwa anthu. Kupuma anamgumiwa, kukwera nthawi mpweya kunja. Kwenikweni amadwala matenda chimodzimodzi monga anthu. Kugona afaliny mapazi kuchokera pamwamba, m'madzi, nthawi yotsegulira maso.

Chifanizo cha moyo anamgumiwa - kuchezerana ndi banja (mibadwo mpaka khumi limodzi). Mutu wa banja - chachikazi. Amuna anali Fuko osiyana, kusonyeza chidwi akazi ambiri lokha pa mating.

Botolo anamgumiwa ndi mphamvu zochuluka. Koma iye kwa munthuyo, monga ulamuliro, musati ntchito. Ndi anthu Dolphins kukhala asapita kwambiri wochezeka ngati ndi abale mu malingaliro. Pakuti mbiri lonse kugwirizana pakati pa mwamuna ndi dolphin sanali anaona kuyesa kukhumudwitsa ndi "m'bale chachikulu". Koma nthawi zambiri anthu kuphwanya ufulu wa dolphin kuvala iwo akumana nazo kuti mukhale mu dolphinariums.

Pa chinenero cha anamgumiwa olembedwa kwambiri. Sitizidzakangana, monga akatswiri ena kuti iye ndi watanthauzo kulankhula kwa anthu. Komabe, lili osiyanasiyana yaikulu phokoso ndi manja, amene amalola onse mofanana kulankhula za malingaliro dolphin. Ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe iwo angathe kupatsira ndi lalikulu (kuposa anthu) ubongo - umboni molimba.

Mpaka kuwonjezera kuti nyama zimapezeka zisindikizo Black Sea, koma posachedwapa pakhala pang'ono kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito zoipa anthu.

pa dziko

Sikuti anthu a nyanja ndi chakudya pa fuko anthu nsomba. Mbalame za mitundu ina okhala pa dziko, kupeza chakudya ndi madzi. The okhala m'dzikolo, kupanga chakudya mu nyanja - ndi gulls ndi cormorants. Iwo kudya nsomba. Chiswankhono Mwachitsanzo, angathe kusambira ndi madzi, kudya yambiri nsomba, ngakhale pamene zonse. Features kulola mmero wake kumeza kwambiri ndithu nyama. Choncho, mbalame - okhala waukulu wa m'dzikomo, kupanga chakudya mu nyanja Black Sea gombe la Caucasus ndi Crimea.

Nyanja Black: anthu oopsa

Osati tchuthi onse ndi alendo amene anabwera ku gombe la Nyanja Black, mukudziwa kuti akusamba mu madzi msampha ndi ngozi. N'zokhudza osati ndi machenjezo mphepo ndi mbuna, komanso ndi ena oimira zomera zam'madzi.

Chinkhanira nsomba, kanyama, kapena amatanthauza zodabwitsa ngati zosasangalatsa. mutu wake wonse tizinthu ndi minga, ndipo pa nsana - loopsa spiny chipsyepsye. Nyamula skorpenu osavomerezeka, monga spines ake ndi chomera chakupha ndi kubweretsa zosasangalatsa ndithu, ngakhale kupweteka yochepa.

Yenda momyata hvostokol (nyanja mphaka) akuyerekezeranso chiopsezo, nthawi zina kumapha anthu. Pa mchira wa nyama ndi fupa kukwera, wothira mafuta chakupha amatope. kukwera Izi zimapangitsa lacerations zina losongoka, nthawi yaitali kuchiza. Komanso ku jekeseni limbikitsa akhoza kuyamba kusanza, minofu ziwalo, amafulumizitsa kugunda. Nthawi zina imfa amabwera, kotero kusamala.

Wina, mwakuwoneka unremarkable maonekedwe, nsomba - nyanja chinjoka - Ndi zowopsa anthu zambiri. Koyamba, angathe kumwedwa ngati ng'ombe wamba. Koma kumbuyo kwa nsomba ndi spiny chipsyepsye chakupha kwambiri. Pokha ofanana cholumidwa. Mu zina, akhoza kukuphani.

Medusa Rhizostoma ndi Aurelia, okhala Nyanja Black - oopsa kwa anthu anthu. tentacles zawo zili ndi maselo lobaya. Izi zikhoza kuyambitsa zilonda zamoto (monga lunguzi ndi zina), kusiya kuda maola angapo. Choncho ndi bwino kukhudza modabwitsa - ngakhale kwa akufa, tulutsani kumtunda pa miyala.

Ngakhale nsombazo, kapena mitundu ina ya nyama ndi nsomba si owopsa kwa anthu a m'Nyanja ya Black. Choncho muzisamba bwinobwino, kufika pa pogwiritsa wotchuka nyanja ya Crimea ndi Caucasus, kulemekeza, ndithudi, kusamalira!