Kodi mu Moscow zipilala kuti Gogol? Gogol chipilala pa Gogol Boulevard: Nkhani

Mu Russia izo wakhala yapamwamba ndi yapamwamba nkhondo ndi mitundu yonse ya mafano. Prince Vladimir, kukhazikitsa Christianity, anamira mu mtsinje zambiri Perun, koma tsopano ana ake ku Ukraine anagogoda chitetezo Vladimir Ilyich.

"Ndi akazi Yagami nikchemushnaya amavutika"

Latsopano la Russia, mwadzidzidzi nkhawa za chipilala kuti Gogol. Chipilala ku Soviet Union mu zakale Boulevard Prechistensky (tsopano Gogol) mu March 2014 anaganiza disassemble, ndi mu malo ake kumbuyo akale ntchito Andreeva, yomwe inamangidwa pano poyamba, mmbuyo mu 1909.

Gwirizanani m'dera pa nkhani izi. Mmodzi wa nzika amakhulupirira kuti ndi bwino kusiya zinthu monga iwo ali, zina amafunitsitsa "adzabweretsa chilungamo m'mbiri", wosafuna kuonedwa kuti ndi tiganizira aliyense wa kufunika, kapena zochitika zenizeni m'moyo owazungulira (pambuyo pa zonse, pa nthawi pali vuto ndi zofunika kwambiri Russia). Wina mwina sanali mantha, koma iye anasiya ndi zolinga mwangwiro zachuma: Akatswiri amanena kuti kufooka ndi nyumba ofanana apa ndi apo - osati zosangalatsa wotchipa.

zotsatirazi Pushkin

The chipilala imodzi Gogol ku Moscow, lomwe tsopano ayenda kubwerera ku malo, gulu mwapang'onopang'ono anaganiza chilili mu August 1880. Chaka chino anatsegula chipilala Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu pa Tverskoy Boulevard. Tamarayo ndakhuta omvera mu misozi ya chimwemwe ndi kutengeka, ndipo pomwepo okonda amene akufuna kupereka msonkho, ndipo Nikolayu Vasilevichu Gogolyu. The chipilala zinakonzedwa kutsegula kwa tsiku la makumi asanu imfa yake - mu 1902, koma analibe nthawi. Ngakhale kuti pasanapite nthawi anatchedwa muzimvetsera kulera ndalama, choncho anali chete kwa nthawi yaitali.

Atamunamizira dyera ndi wosakwiya mokhumudwa pa milomo ya ena kanjedza (M. Kuraeva, makamaka), izo si bwino waweruzidwa: pa chipilala kuti Aleksandru Sergeevichu anasonkhana msanga (zonse tingachipeze powerenga odziwika bwino chithunzi anaonekera zaka makumi awiri pambuyo chiyambi cha wolembetsa ndi), komanso Nikolai osati ndiye kuti woumira.

Alibe nthawi mwambowu, kuyesa kwa chikumbutso ndi

Wotchuka Russian industrialist, Demidov analonjeza mkuwa "ngati kuli kofunika" ndipo anakana zikwi zisanu. Panali ogula ena. Ndi 1890, kucha kwa chilengedwe cha komiti yapadera pa ntchito yomanga chipilala, koma si makamaka mofulumira, pamene mu 1893 Mfumu yekha sanamuuze kuti "imathandizira".

Zinayenda osati posachedwa, koma mamembala a wolemekezeka Assembly potsiriza msonkhano mndandanda wa misonkhano ndipo anatsimikiza munthu amene kunali koyenera kuti "pitani pa ntchito yomanga chipilala lapansi." N'zochititsa chidwi kuti dzina lake anali AN mphuno. Chabe wabodza wa mtundu wina.

Mwanjira movutikira tinkachitira mpikisano ntchito zabwino, koma zina zachidule sanali chidwi ntchito. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti tiyenera kuchita zinthu mwachangu: akupitirizabe akuyandikira chaka cha 1909 - ndi centenary kubadwa kwa Nikolayu Vasilevichu Gogolyu anaphedwa. Chipilala, osati wakucha ku chikumbutso cha imfa, zikanakhala imathandiza kwambiri.

N'zokayikitsa ziboliboli, n'ngwokayikitsa ntchito

Iwo akadali osadziwika zimene backroom zokambirana unachitika chiyanjo cha polojekiti Andreev, koma anakuvoterani izo pamodzi (pa zinthu, anafuulira Komiti, mawu limodzi ndi vetoed kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali). Mwina njira kwenikweni anakakamizika nthawi chinachake pafupifupi munthu kusankha. Choncho, ndi chisoni theka, ntchito yomanga inayamba, ambiri yokutidwa atolankhani ndi kuyambitsa zokambirana pakati pa Muscovites.

Kuyamba adzadziwire wolemba zikutipatsa mafunso. oimira chabwino cha luso la nthawi Opekushin Repin ndipo anayamikira talente wa ziboliboli wamng'ono. Komabe, anthu akukayikira: chondichitikira chaching'ono kumanga misewu.

Atatsala pang'ono kutsegula kwa wotsutsa odziwika SERGEY Yablonovskii wotchedwa chipilala chizindikiro cha "zoopsa ndi lowopsya," ndipo anafotokoza maganizo kuti "ambiri samafuna." Monga madzi anayang'ana!

Zingamuthandize chionetsero cha chipilala cha

Kutsegula chipilala kuti Gogol ku Moscow anakonza ndi fanfare kwambiri, ngakhale palibe popanda alipidwa (ziyenera) bungling: mwapadera anamangidwira rostrum anali Kusakhazikika, uchimo kugwiritsa ntchito iwo yoletsedwa. Chifukwa zithunzi kuchokera kutsegula Tingaone pa phazi la kugonthetsa chidwi chabe anatsegula chipilala, ndipo wotsatira -. Lolani "tithe zithunzi" Chiyambi sichinawakomere ...

Amamvera mumtima mwawo chifukwa ndi chipilala, pa kamodzi zikuchepa wogawanika. Ambiri asankha (Repin Mwachitsanzo), kuti pamaso pawo - chidwi mogometsa, koma omvera lalikulu anapeza chipilala ndi malovu weniweni muyaya.

wopindidwa Gogol

The chosema amaonetsera munthu, kwathunthu atakulungidwa mu modzilemekeza, ndi mutu wake anagwada. Yoweramitsidwa absurdly yagwera mbali imodzi, Gogol anali atakhala pa mpando ndipo mwiniwake wa Weltschmerz ndi otchuka wake mphuno yaitali pafupifupi anakhudza mawondo ake. Tetrahedral pedestal lathuli mkuwa n'kupanga - ndi chosemacho pa izo anasonyeza kuti zilembo za ntchito zotchuka wolemba. Iwo sanali chifukwa kutsutsa. Koma chithunzi cha tingachipeze powerenga ndi!

Utagwa chitsanzo epigram: "Andreev zopangidwa Gogol" mphuno "ndi" The chikhoto, ""; "Gogol, hunched pa iye, atakhala pansi Pushkin, Gogol tiyenera izo."

Anapezeka kutsegula kwa mkazi Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, Sofya Andreyevna, ndinapeza chipilala "onyansa" (as mu zolemba munthu ndipo analemba). Ndithu zoseketsa kuti mwamuna wake chachikulu, upamwamba mabuku dziko, chipilala mukufuna.

Dziko lonse chiwawa ife kuwononga ...

Osiyanasiyana izi, ndipo tinakhala pano ndemanga zambiri. Komabe, kusintha chipilala ofesi kuti Gogol palibe amene akupita, ndipo iye anali pa chiyambi cha Gogol Boulevard, ndithu mwina, lero, ngati chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri cha m'ma watha mphamvu sanabwere "fuko wamng'ono, wosadziwika," ndipo sanatsatire kusankha malo a dziko (ndi zipilala) m'njira yatsopano.

Gogol chipilala pa Gogol Boulevard inatenga pambuyo zisinthe, zaka sate-faifi ndi nthawi kuti wakhala zikuphedwa, amakhala tsiku lonse loipa kwambiri ndi tsiku. Chifukwa anali, malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, ndi wopindidwa chithunzi cha zapamwamba mabuku mitsempha yanu Yosefe Vissarionovich, anakakamizika zonse chisoni skosobochennomu Gogol chipilala ndendende pa njira yopita ku dacha pa Kuntsevo, kumene anakakhala wamphamvuyonse Soviet mlembi wamkulu.

Nkhondo ndi wolemba mkuwa

Zikwi sycophants, wofunitsitsa kukondweretsa mtsogoleri wokondedwa, sanatero stint pa "kuponya" chilengedwe Andreev. Wotchuka Soviet ziboliboli Vera Mukhina (Mlembi wa wotchuka "Antchito ndi Mgwirizano Farm") mlandu chipilala mu ozungulira zenizeni zikusiyana. Iwo amati kamodzi panali chifukwa chisoni mu Gogol - zoopsa zonse za nkhanza tsarist ndi ena, ndipo tsopano chinachake chisoni kuti pamene tikukhala mu dziko wakhala "labwino ndiponso zosangalatsa?"

Poyamba dismantle amangokhala Gogol chipilala mu Moscow sanali kukonzekera - zongofuna kumanga wina kumapeto a lalikulu. Amene Ndawombetsa nkhonya yake pa tebulo silikudziwika, koma mu 1952, 100 TH chikumbutso cha imfa yake, anatsegula chipilala watsopano, ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi kale mu Moscow.

Komabe, kwa mwambowu!

History movomerezedwa ndi ntchito anakhalanso ena mdima: wopambana mpikisano anali caressed ndi maulamuliro (mwini asanu Stalin mphoto!) Mpangi Tomsky, amene pambuyo yekha anavomereza kuti Gogol chipilala pa Gogol Boulevard wa olemba ake mosapita zoipa. Zifukwa kufulumira: iwo amati, mulibe nthawi kuchita qualitatively kwambiri, chifukwa kunali kofunika kupitiriza mawu - kuti patha zaka zana imfa ya wolemba.

Pambuyo ulaliki wa zotsatira za ntchito pachaka kachiwiri anathyola chinachake chonga choyalutsa. Powona chipilala kuti kumene wobadwa N. V. Gogolyu, anthu anadabwa kwambiri (ndiponso wodabwa). Tsopano mlembi chipilala zazikulu ndi wokhala wodzithemba akuti "Kuchokera boma la Soviet" (omwe satopa kupanga zosangalatsa kuposa zaka a) kugunda kwambiri ena: m'malo odwala, upamwamba yokhumudwa anali mtundu wa mokondwera "mphunzitsi kuvina" - zachimwemwe, kakafupi Cape zosafunikira. Ena anaona kuti ndi "mwaluso" caricature, ndi wowerengeka ndakatulo kachiwiri anawomberedwa mpaka epigrams caustic.

Fano akhoza kukhala wosasangalala

Chipilala Andreev ankaiphwasula mwamsanga 1951, ku malo ufulu kumanga, kuima mmwamba chipilala kuti Gogol (amene nacho chigonjetso cha luso pa chowonadi mdima).

Poyamba, "osati zachisoni mutu" Mkuwa Nikolai ngakhale kudzapereka (kutumiza anasungunuka), koma ndodo ya Moscow Museum mapulani anawapulumutsa modabwitsa zojambulajambula. Pomaliza pali Buku mwachidule. Mpaka 1959, chipilala anali kusungidwa mfutizo mu nthambi ya m'nyumbayi lili zakale Donskoy ansembe yotchedwa: kuno anapeza malo ogona ambiri osafunika Soviet dongosolo ziboliboli nsangalabwi chithunzi ndi pamakoma anawononga Moscow mipingo, mwachitsanzo.

Mu 1959, ndi "chisoni" wolemba anabwerera ku Moscow ndipo anapeza nyumba imene iye ankakhala zaka zomalizira za moyo wake (nyumba a Werengerani A. Tolstoy). M'tauni kuti mfundo zina pa Nikitsky Boulevard Tingaone atakhala ndi kuyima chipilala kuti Gogol nthawi yomweyo. Pa nthawi imene ntchito Tomsk ntchito, ntchito yomanga 1952 mwaziwona, ndi ulemu, kuzindikira, mwachitsanzo, kuti ndi bwino zikugwirizanira tione amakono a m'deralo.

Ngakhale kuti mfundo za kuwonongedwa kwa manda a nyengo ya Soviet ambiri sindimakonda, Tsopano "kusangalala" Nikolai Vasilyevich pangozi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri amanena kuti pofuna kuti abwerere ku chipilala mbiri pamalo ake ndi zinadzala ndi mavuto zosayembekezereka: nyumbayi ali wokalamba ndithu, pa zoyendera ingawononge izo - bwino kusiya zinthu monga ali. Komabe, sikutheka kuti azitsutsana ndi chakuti awiri a chipilala kuti Gogol - n'kwabwino kuposa aliyense.