Asphaltic kachulukidwe: mlingo otaya ndi zikuchokera nkhani

Kusintha dziko ndi kumanga misewu lero ambiri ntchito phula simenti, amene amalola kupeza cholimba ndi apamwamba ❖ kuyanika. Nkhanizi ndi osakaniza a phula ndi zipangizo achilengedwe.

zosakaniza Natural kupereka mphamvu, pamene phula ali wofunikila kumanga iwo mu dongosolo unitary. Phula yaikidwa pa njira yomweyo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, koma ❖ kuyanika khalidwe zimadalira zigawo kuti akuwonjezeka kapena ayi ananenanso mu osakaniza ndi zina detects ndi stacking njira.

The kachulukidwe ya nkhani

osalimba a phula simenti - ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za nkhaniyi. Asphaltic konkire, choncho amatchedwanso, ndi mawonekedwe a yomanga yense yokumba, amene anapanga chifukwa cha kukwaniritsa kachulukidwe kofunika osakaniza yodzaza ndi kamangidwe. zikuchokera wokonzedwera ndi njira kusakaniza mu mayunitsi wapadera mchikakamizo cha kutentha. Amagwiritsa ntchito phula mafuta msewu ndi mchere tuzigawo twa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, iwo amasankhidwa mu kufanana kumatanthauza. Nthawi zina anawonjezera ma polima, labala, surfactants, sulfure ndi zina zotero.

phula simenti kachulukidwe zimadalira mitundu. Mwachitsanzo, osakaniza wandiweyani ali osalimba mu uthunthu 2340 makilogalamu / mamita ^3, ndi nkhani osakaniza porous, kachulukidwe ake penapake m'munsi - 2300 makilogalamu / mamita ^3. The bwino grained phula simenti chisakanizo cha mtundu A, B ndi C ndi machulukidwe zotsatirazi: 2385, 2370 ndi 2343 makilogalamu / mamita ^3, motero. Komanso amapezeka mitundu mchenga phula "chisakanizo cha mtundu D", mu nkhani iyi, ndi chizindikiro cha chidwi ndi wofanana 2280 makilogalamu / mamita ^3.

kachulukidwe

Kuona osalimba a phula simenti ikuchitika ndi mayesero zasayansi wa zitsanzo kuti anachotsedwa zokutira lapansi. chizindikiro ichi kuchita masamu ndi chiŵerengero wamba kachulukidwe zakuthupi, amene anatengedwa kuchokera ❖ kuyanika, kuti reshape kachulukidwe chiyerekezo cha chitsanzo.

Pakuti aliyense mitundu ya osakaniza ntchito ndi compaction chiŵerengero. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa zosakaniza A ndi B chiŵerengero ndi 0,99, Kusakaniza B, D ndi E, ndipo m'munsi zigawo pakati koyefishienti ndi 0,98. Ngati ena a zosakaniza ali yokumba mwala chomenyedwa, chiŵerengero ayenera kukhala wolingana 0,97.

kumwa phula simenti

Ndi osalimba osati wa bwino grained phula simenti ndi mitundu inayo, komanso mowa. Mwachibadwa, chizindikiro ichi anatsimikiza pa 100 mamita ^2, koma makulidwe a zingasiyane. Mu osakaniza porous ndi wandiweyani ndi wosanjikiza makulidwe a 55 mamilimita mowa pa 100 mamita ² adzakhala 12,87 ndi 12,65 m, motero. Ndi kukula wosanjikiza 80 mamilimita wakuda ndi porous otaya osakaniza adzakhala wofanana 18,7 ndi 18,4 m, motero.

The bwino grained phula simenti osakaniza mtundu A ali pakafukufuku otaya ngati wosanjikiza wa yafupika 35 mm. Choncho 100 mamita ² kusiya 8,35 mamita A nkhani ya mchenga phula mix mtundu D., Ndiye wosanjikiza makulidwe a 45 mamilimita mowa kuchuluka kwa 10,26 mamita pa 100 mamita ^2.

kachulukidwe mita

Phula konkire kachulukidwe mita lingathe kukopedwa pa masitolo zapaderazi. Izo zimatengera osalimba a ❖ kuyanika ndi malo a panjira ya. Pamene chipangizo kopita amachita ntchito kulamulira osalimba, imene munthu akhoza kudziwa mlingo wa inhomogeneity ndi chisindikizo zapansi ndi zokutira msewu.

chipangizo lidzatidziwa kuti zoni unconsolidated ndi kulamulira dera yovuta, pano ayenera zimachitika m'mbali ndi mafupa. Atatero, osalimba avareji asphaltic konkire, chimene chiri 2,35 g / ^cm3 zingadziŵike. Zida amayankha bwino ❖ kuyanika, ngakhale patsogolo ntchito za pamwamba wosanjikiza. chipangizo angathe kuyeza kutentha kwa phula, kuti adziwe psinjika chiŵerengero, kuchita kutentha-kulipidwa kachulukidwe kuwerenga.

The zikuchokera phula simenti ndi mfundo boma

osalimba a phula simenti, GOST amene amasankha khalidwe la nkhaniyo ndipo amaimira kanjedza zotsatirazi: 9128-2009 - anali tatchulazi. Komabe, akatswiri ayenera kudziwa zambiri za zikuchokera. ❖ kuyanika ali kapena miyala chippings mwa zosakaniza amene ali comminuted ndi crumb. Monga mbali ya mchenga kumeneko.

Monga tanena ndi phula wokhala mankhwala utomoni wonunkhira chimene chikutsimikizira zigawo zikuluzikulu pamodzi. Komabe, chuma ichi ayenera kuti boma mkangano. Iwo imalongosola ndi phula simenti amaika mumsewu luso. Koma lero pali luso kuti amalola kupeza phula ndi kukhuthala kwa +5 ° C. Mafuta kukonzedwa ndi njira zamakono, amene amalola kupeza phula madzi popanda frosting ndi okwera otsutsa otsika kutentha. Childs mtengo uwu -30 ° C.

osalimba a phula simenti (T / M3) ndi 2,35. Koma mtengo uwu - osati chinthu chokha kudziwa akatswiri a. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani mchere lagawidwa mfundo zitatu:

• Gulu A: 50 mpaka 60% (wosweka mwala kapena miyala);
• Gulu B: kuyambira 40 mpaka 50% (mchere);
• Gulu B: kuyambira 30 mpaka 40% (wosweka mwala kapena miyala).

chomenyedwa factionalism malamulo specifications. Mogwirizana ndi izi chuma chopangidwa ntchito chomenyedwa, grit zomwe zingasiyane 10 20 mm. Chotero zikuchokera ndi ntchito kupanga pamwamba wosanjikiza intaneti. umisiri ndi ochiritsira ndi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito lero, koma osakaniza mwina zidzawonjezedwa kwa ma polima lapansi.

Kusintha phula simenti mchikakamizo zamakono

osalimba a phula simenti mogwirizana ndi dziko, ayenera kukhala yemweyo, koma khalidwe la zinthu zonse chikusintha. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha katundu likuwonjezekabe padziko msewu, zikubweretsa kufufuza zipangizo zatsopano pofuna kuwongolera. Chifukwa, izo anatha kulenga kuponya phula simenti, zomwe zinachitikadi tafotokozazi.

Izo ntchito osati kwa kumanga komanso kukonza misewu. Njira imeneyi ndi Lamulo mfundo boma ndi P 54401-2011 kumafuna kusonkhana osakaniza popanda compaction. Kutentha yense Choncho akuyamba pa 190 ° C, amaika moyo ukuwonjezeka plasticity. Zikuchokera yodziwika ndi ziwalo chifukwa zina polima.

Osewera phula zikuchokera lili kuposa phula, koma voliyumu ya mchere amachepetsa. Zamkatimu miyala kachigawo kwa 5 mm ndi ku ½ mbali kulemera okwana 0%. The osakaniza analandira si monga grainy, kotero likukhalira viscous ndipo sananenedwe kuti asindikize.

zosakaniza zina

An binder phula bwino thupi katundu, kotero nkhani ❖ kuyanika amapereka mphamvu yapamwamba, durability, kukhulupirika ndi moyo wautali popanda akulimbana. phula simenti kachulukidwe akanali yemweyo, koma ndi kofunika kusunga luso komanso makulidwe. Izi ndi chiopsezo cha chuma chimene chimasiyanitsa kuponya phula. Ngati pa gawo yopanga amapezeka kupatuka pa malamulo, mphamvu makhalidwe zowawa.

Pomaliza

phula simenti phindu mu choona kuti akhoza chokongoletsedwa. Izi kukodzedwa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ntchito, chifukwa ndi thandizo la chuma mungapange wokongola njirayo, msewu ndi makwalala. Pa njira pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi anaonekera phula akuda, zimene zikusonyeza oyenda kuwoloka, chodetsa n'kuduladula n'kupanga.

Njira imene imakhudza kuwonjezera zikuchokera akuda 5 mm wosweka mwala, mchenga ndi inki zopangidwa lubwe, chibanthu, nsangalabwi ndi laimu. Pakuti asphaltic yowala mithunzi ntchito Mukalongosola bitumens kupanga. njira kumawonjezera mtengo Kuphunzira, kotero kawirikawiri ntchito.

Koma lero kupeza njira ina kufalikira. Iye anaganiza akusisita tchipisi wachikuda, pamene powonjezera ake kupanga anakana. Mu sitepe ya atagona misewu ndi kupita Kuwonjezera wosanjikiza chapamwamba ❖ kuyanika.