Alapayevsk ofera. Tsiku kuwombera wa m'banja lachifumu. Canonization ndi konzanso

Alapayevsk ofera anaitana anthu asanu ndi atatu (isanu ya Romanovs ndi awo awiri pafupi), chigawenga Bolsheviks anapha July 18, 1918. Kodi abale, akalonga a ufumu Constantinovici magazi (Yohane Constantine ndi Igor), Vladimir Paley, SERGEY Vladimirovich, mlongo wa Mfumukazi Elizaveta Feodorovna ndi Nun Varvara ndi wothandizira wa mmodzi mwa akalonga Feodor Remez. Onsewo Ankawaphwanyira miyoyo yawo usiku wotsatira pambuyo kuwombera wa m'banja lachifumu la Nicholas II.

Link Romanovs kuti Urals ndi

Chikadzangotha kubwera kwa mphamvu, Bolsheviks anayamba kupeza banja kale achifumu. Townsfolk bwino chifukwa cha tsoka zomvetsa chisoni Nicholas II, mkazi ndi ana ake. Komabe, kusintha ngakhale pambuyo awiri mu Russia anali kwambiri za banja Romanov ndi kuwonjezera pa mfumu antchito. Kumayambiriro 1918, boma la Soviet ali osokonezeka. Anapitiriza nkhondo ndi Germany, ndipo asilikali a ku Germany akuyandikira mitu iwiri. Imeneyi oopsa, atsogoleri Bolshevik anaganiza mokakamiza ukapolo Romanovs mu dziko, chotero iwo sakanakhoza apeze ndi atali-kusintha zinthu.

Kumapeto kwa March 1918 pafupifupi ofera onse Alapayevsk anatumizidwa ku Vyatka. Amenewa anali akalonga Constantine, John ndi Igor Konstantinovich Vladimir Pavlovich ndi Sergei Mikhailovich. Posachedwapa, anthu onse a iwo anatitumiza ku Ekaterinburg. Tsoka kwa akapolo anakwanitsa m'deralo Ural Bolsheviks, amene analandira malangizo mwachindunji ku boma Moscow ndi Petrograd.

Kumangidwa kwa Grand Duchess

Mu May 1918, mkulu wa Choyamba Mpandowachifumu Dzerzhinsky Chilativiya riflemen detachment ndi apolisi anagwira Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. Mlongo wa Mfumukazi Alexandra m'ndende ku izo zochokera ku Marfo-Mariinsky Akatolika. Elizabeth Feodorovna ndalama zawo zonse pa chilengedwe cha obisika pambuyo pa 1905 zigawenga anapha mwamuna wake - Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich.

Amangidwe zinachitika pa tsiku lachitatu ya Isitala. Kwa theka la ola pamaso pa Chilativiya Riflemen obisika anachezeredwa ndi kumene osankhidwa mabishopu, Tikhon. Iye anayesera kuti akalandire kutulutsidwa kwa Grand Duchess Komabe, ngakhale zonse, Elizabeth Feodorovna ndi wothandizira ake Varvara Yakovleva anatumiza kwa Yekaterinburg. Icho chinali Big pa ufulu wa woimira nyumba zakale akulamulira. Focussing ndi Romanovs mu Urals anali kanthu makonzedwe. The Bolshevik utsogoleri anafuna kuti awatumize iwo ku malo amodzi kotero kuti ngati kuli kofunikira mosavuta kutaya tsoka la mamembala a mafumu a.

Njira Alapaevsk

April 30 Ekaterinburg anabweretsa Nicholas II, mkazi wake ndi mmodzi wa ana ake, Mariya. Patapita milungu iwiri anafika mumzinda mamembala ena a m'banja la mfumu. The Bolsheviks anaopa kwambiri za Romanovs mu mzinda ndipo anaganiza kuti asamukire iwo. May 20 Alapayevsk ofera anafika ku Alapayevsk, ndi makilomita 146 kuchokera Ekaterinburg.

Mu 1918 zinali m'tauni 10000th ndi zaka 200 za mbiri. Ndi kuthetsa anali mmodzi wa woyamba wa zitsulo Ural Peter I. Alapaevsk anali ngakhale kuposerapo Yekaterinburg. Koposa zonse iye ankadziwa mtundu denga chitsulo, chopangidwa pa chomera m'deralo. City analankhulana ndi Yekaterinburg ndi Nizhniy Tagil sitima.

Matelegalamu kwa Moscow

Andende anaiika sukulu pa kunja kwa tauni. Poyamba, iwo anali ndi ufulu wambiri wachibale - akhoza kuyenda pa Alapaevsk, kupita ku tchalitchi, mogwirizana ndi musadandaule otetezedwa. Romanovs zambiri kupumula m'munda, wosweka pafupi sukulu, kumene iwo ankakonda kumwa tiyi. Kwambiri chipembedzo, Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fyodorovna anapemphera kwambiri.

anthu a udindo wake ndi zosangalatsa zina. Makamaka musataye mtima wamng'ono akalonga Constantinovici ndi Vladimir Paley. Alamu kumenya yekha Sergei Mikhailovich. Asanatumize mu Alapaevsk n'kutumiza uthengawo kwa amakhumudwa Lenin ndi Sverdlov dzina. Mu uthenga kalonga wamkulu anadandaula nyengo lake la misempha ndi wankhanza, ndi kupempha kuti kumasulira kwa Vyatka ndi Vologda. uthengawo wake anali ananyalanyaza.

Onani Helena Petrovna

The miyezi yomaliza ya moyo wake Alapayevsk ofera unachitikira mu nyumbayi sukulu, imene inali ndi zipinda ziwiri zazing'ono ndi anayi akuluakulu. Iwo anaika pamodzi ndi kulowera wamba. Kuwonjezera pa Romanovs ku sukulu anaikidwa pa alonda ntchito pakati pa Red Army.

Pakona chipinda wotanganidwa ndi John K. ndi mkazi wake Helena Petrovna. Anali mwana wa Chisebiya mfumu Peter I. Popeza Helena Petrovna sanali Romanova, ndi Bolsheviks nee ake. Mkazi mwaufulu anatengedwa kupita ku ukapolo mwamuna wake. Atatsala pang'ono Mphambano Alapayevsk tsoka, iye anapita ku Moscow aziwachonderera kwa kutulutsidwa kwa Romanovs.

July 7 Helena Petrovna, anamangidwa ku Yekaterinburg. Tsoka la mwamuna wake, iye alibe yekha ndi akazembe Chisebiya, levers zamtendere olumikiza Soviet kuthamanga boma. Pambuyo pa imfa ya mwamuna wake Helena Petrovna akhoza psychoneurosis anabwerera ku Moscow. Posakhalitsa anasiya Russia.

The kumangika ulamuliro wa m'ndende

Usiku wa pa June 13, 1918, Bolsheviks anapha Michael, amene ankatumikira mu Perm kugwirizana. kuphedwa chidafundidwa ndi nthano za poyesela mng'ono wa Nicholas II kuthawa. Posachedwa sakusiyana chochitika Permian ndipo anafika Romanovs ena. Alapayevsk ofera anali anaziika kwambiri. Kumangidwa ufumu wawo anali ndi dongosolo la udzakwaniritsidwa wowawa. Romanov analandidwa katundu zathu: zovala, ndalama, golide. Akaidi kumanzere kavalidwe yekha, waika mosinthana ndi kabudula wang'ono wamkati ndi nsapato. Makalata ndi kuyenda kuzungulira mzindawo inaletsedwa, kwambiri yafupika chakudya.

macheke Ndinadabwa kuti wamba. Udindo wa Romanov mafumu mu Alapaevsk anayamba nkhani chimodzimodzi monga m'masiku otsiriza a moyo wa Mikhail Alexandrovich ndi Nicholas II. Ngati pamaso alonda zinthu bwino zokwanira, tsopano anakhala nkhanza ndi coarse. Nthawi imeneyi ndi akalonga panali lackeys awo, ndi Elizabeth Feodorovna anali limodzi ndi avirigo. Maapatimenti Izi anauzidwa kuti achoke Alapaevsk.

Kuwombera banja Nicholas II

Kupha Sitefano Mikhail Alexandrovich anali woyamba pa nkhani kupha wa Romanovs, unakonzedwa ndi Bolsheviks. Pambuyopo mwalira wa Grand Duke tsiku la chilango cha banja lachifumu. Nicholas II ndi banja lake anali mu nyumba Ipatiev. Usiku wa pa July 17, 1918 The Imperial banja ananditumiza chapansi, kumene yowotcha kumuwombera anatsegula moto pa izo. Zisanachitike, mkulu Yakov Yurovsky anali werengani aphedwe. Ndi kukumbukira unagawanika zochitika, Nikolai yekha anatha kufunsa: "Kodi?" Kapena "A" Mfumu sanamvetse zimene zinali kuchitika, ndipo wotsatira chachiwiri Yurovsky atalamula, ndi rasstrelschiki anatsegula moto.

ana Romanov anaphedwa nthawi yomweyo. Akukhulupirira kuti yotsirizira anafa Tsarevich Alexei. Wogwila Cheka kuti kudalira kwambiri kutsata akuvutika awo ndi bayonets awo. Ngakhale pamaso kuwombera kwa Ipatiev nyumba ankayendetsa galimoto mwapadera okonzeka, omwe thupi ndi yodzaza. Anakwiriridwa kunja kwa mzinda. Usiku Alapayevsk ofera adakalipo. Zochita za tsoka lawo, Bolsheviks anatenga tsiku lotsatira.

Kupha ku mgodi

Grand Atsogoleri Akuimira Ndani sankadziwa za kupha Sitefano Mikhail Alexandrovich ndi mchimwene wake. Tsiku kuwombera wa m'banja lachifumu ku Alapaevsk anali, mwachizolowezi. Usiku wa pa July 18 kunyumbayi sukulu, lomwe munali Romanovs anafika anthu, analengeza pakufunika kupita ku malo otetezedwa chifukwa kuopseza mpweya anaukira (nkhondo yapachiweniweni). Amayi anachita zonse ife anawapempha. Romanov manja womangidwa ndi m'maso. Akapolo anakonza ngolo wapadera. Mu gulu la anthu osati zonse anafika bwino. Duke Sergei Mikhailovich anakana kumvera. Iye anawomberedwa mphamvu kukhonda iye mu ophimba pa. Abale Constantinovici ndi Vladimir Paley kukana si anapereka.

The ngolo ndi Romanovs anapita kunja kwa mzinda. Ikani malo omwe anali oopsa wanga wotsika Selimskaja. akaidi zokhudzana zinachititsa kuti otsetsereka mu umodzi migodi adzasiyidwa. kutanthauzira Komanso zochitika mogwirizana. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, Romanovs anaphedwa ndi kuponyedwa nkhope kale akufa. Pa ena, akaidi kakasi nkhwangwa kenako anakankhira kuphompho. Amadziwika kuti wanga anaponya mabomba. Kenako, dzenje wodzazidwa ndi mitengo ndi yokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi.

kufufuza Kolchak

zochitika za imfa ya Romanov (ndi anga Alapaevsk, ndi m'nyumba Ipatiev) amadziwika woyera, mwachidule anapereka mphamvu mu Urals pa Civil nkhondo. Mu October 1918, Bolsheviks kuugwira wa Yekaterinburg. Pa imfa ya banja mfumu mlandu. Asilikali Alexander Kolchak anatenga kufufuza pansi pa ulamuliro wake.

Posachedwa anatha kupeza ophunzira kupha pafupi Alapaevsk. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Bolshevik Vasily Ryabov, amene anapereka umboni wapatali pofufuza. Dzenje anakumba. Boma la matupi anasonyeza kuti ofera a Alapaevsk anga anamwalira pomwepo. Motero, thupi Vladimira Paleya anakhala mu malo mosapumira. Prince John K. anali mabandeji gawo wimple Elizabeth Feodorovna. Komanso, m'midzi yapafupi kwa nthawi yaitali Panali mphekesera zoti kuti pambuyo kuphedwa m'dera anasiya wanga ndimakhoza kumva phokoso muffled mapemphero.

Mfundo za kuba wa akalonga

Ural Bolsheviks anaganiza kubisa tchimo lake jakisoni zabodza. M'mawa akusowa Duke Konstantin Romanov ndi ena onse pa Alapaevsk lipoti kuba azungu ukapolo. Baibulo lomwelo anali kutetezedwa uthengawo wotumidwa ndi komiti m'dera wamkulu mu Yekaterinburg.

Pamaziko a zambiri zinali zochokera uthenga Sverdlov, Uritsky ndi Zinoviev. Atangobadwa Bolshevik wolowezana kukonza maganizo nduna ya chochitikacho. Zinamveka kuti azungu ndi osati kubedwa kwa Romanovs, komanso anapha mmodzi wa alonda. Pakuti dramatizations zithunzi za sukulu anasiya mtembo wa wosadziwika, chimene mpaka nthawi zina wakhala akugona mu mortuary lapansi. Pambuyo "mofulumira" wa Romanov Red Army ndondomeko predefined, iwo anatsegula moto naukitsa alamu, simulating kuukira azungu. Patatha mwezi umodzi boma la Soviet ikuchitika ndi kufufuza za nkhani imeneyi, yomwe, ndithudi, sizinatheke.

Tsoka mtembo wa

Mu June 1919 Red Army linakhazikitsa potsimikizira-zolawula pa Yekaterinburg. The Russian Orthodox anaganiza zomutumiza mabokosi opezeka mabwinja a Romanov alapayevskoy wanga kum'mawa. Pamene zinadziwika kuti Civil Nkhondo anatayika, zinawapangitsa China. Mabokosi m'manda mu kachisi Beijing. Pambuyo World nkhondo II mphamvu mu China anabwera, chikominisi. Rector mipanda amakhalabe kuti mayendedwe awo linasiiratu. akachisi Chinese wa Orthodox Russian posakhalitsa anawonongedwa. Ngakhale mu nthawi yathu ino, akatswiri Russian mwapadera anabwera Beijing kupeza mabwinja a Romanovs, koma ziwembu zonse idatha kanthu.

Pa moyo wa Elizabeth Feodorovna iye anati akhafuna m'manda mu Land Woyera. Choncho, mu 1920, zotsalira ake zimauluka ku Beijing ku Palestina. Au Grand Duchess - Martyr Nun Varvara - anapeza mtendere chatha ku Yerusalemu.

canonization

Mu 1981 iye anafa wanga pafupi Alapaevsk anali canonized ndi Mpingo Orthodox Russian kunja. Kwa nthawi yaitali panali funso lokhudza ndondomeko ofanana ku dzikolakwathu. Russian Orthodox canonized awiri okha Alapayevsk ofera (Elizavetu Fedorovnu ndi sisitere Varvara). The canonization chinachitika mu 1992, pambuyo Soviet Union chinatha.

konzanso

Kenako mfundo boma la view Soviet Union ndi ponena za tsogolo la Romanovs anaphedwa kuti imfa yawo inali chifukwa cha mwankhanza wa Ural Bolsheviks ndi antchito. Boma Soviet lonse linakhalapo, sanakhulupirire chakuti aphedwe Alapaevsk, Perm ndi Yekaterinburg anali anayambitsa pamwamba kwambiri wa boma. Akatswiri ofufuza ndi Kuwulura zikalata anasonyeza kuti akayanjana Romanov payekha payekha Lenin ndi Sverdlov.

Prince Igor K. ndipo ena anaphedwa pafupi Alapaevsk nthawi yaitali sizinachitike asintha khalidwe lawo. The ndondomeko ya kubwerera kwa mbiri yawo inayamba mutu wa Nyumba ya Romanov Maria Vladimirovna, ali anakasuma mlandu Ofesi ya Loya General wa la Russia. A chisankho ofunda pa konzanso lidalengedwa ndi bungwe June 8, 2009. The lipoti la Loya General kudziŵika kuti Romanovs ndi zoyerekeza Cheka awo anakhala akuvutika ndi umbanda.