Karelian Front mu Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo akuti ndi zoipitsitsa kwa anthu Soviet. Iye anatenga kwina, pafupifupi 40 miliyoni. Lives. Pankhondoyi anali amayamba ndi mliri mwadzidzidzi magulu ankhondo a Wehrmacht pa Soviet Union June 22, 1941.

Prerequisites kukhazikitsidwa kwa Karelian Front

Adolf Hitler popanda chenjezo atalamula kuyika nkhonya yabweretsa chiwonongeko chachikulu lonse mzere kutsogolo. USSR, osakonzekera chitetezo, anagonja akutiakuti mu zaka zoyambirira za nkhondo. 1941st anali kwa Red Army chaka sagwirizana ndi Wehrmacht akafuna kukafika Moscow.

nkhondo yaikulu zinakambidwa pa Stalingrad, Moscow, Leningrad ndi m'madera ena. Komabe, Nazi anafuna kugonjetsa ndi zigawo zambiri kumpoto. Popewa izi, kumpoto Front analengedwa, amene akulamulira Karelian Front.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo Karelian Front udaikidwa kuteteza mdaniyo kudutsa kozizira. Nkhondoyo unakhazikitsidwa August 23, 1941. Bukuli lili pa munthu mayunitsi asilikali analowa kutsogolo kumpoto. Msana wa mphamvu anafika 7 TH ndi 14 TH Army. Pa nthawi kugwirizana magulu awiri ankhondo anamenyera ndithu inatenga nthawi yaitali mzere kutsogolo, kuchokera Barents Nyanja Nyanja Ladoga. Iye anadzatchedwa "Road a Moyo". likulu Front unali Belomorsk kuti inali mu Karelian-Chifinishi Soviet Republic.

Karelian Front panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri anapereka thandizo ku mpoto zombo. Ntchito yaikulu, amene anapirira omenyana - ndi kuonetsetsa kuti pambali kumpoto kwa chitetezo njira ya USSR mu North.

7 Army udachokamo mu Karelian Front mu 1941. Mu September 1942 panaoneka atatu zambiri asilikali, ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka chomwecho - ndi mbali ya 7 Air Force. 7 asilikali ndi kumbuyo kutsogolo yekha mu 1944.

atsogoleri kutsogolo

Mkulu loyamba la Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya Dziko Karelian Front anali Major General wa Red Army V. A. Frolov, amene adalamulira asilikali Soviet umenewu mpaka February 1944. Kuchokera February kwa November 1944 Front kutsogoleredwa ndi kulamulira kwa Soviet Union K. A. Meretskov.

Nkhondo

Kale mu August 1941, patapita mwezi ndi theka pambuyo chiyambi cha nkhondoyi, mdani anafika Karelian Front. Ndi zomvetsa katundu wa asilikali Red Army anatha kuletsa pasadakhale Wehrmacht ndipo anasamukira ku kumbuyo. mdani ankafuna kulanda kumalo ozizira dera, ndipo asilikali a Karelian Front anapita ku ntchito poteteza dera ku "North" Army Group.

Opaleshoni ya Arctic chitetezo unakhala kuchokera 1941 mpaka 1944 - ndi kugonjetsa mbali ya Wehrmacht ku Soviet Union. Mu 1941, Arctic Kudziteteza ku misonkhano ya Air Force la Great Britain, amene anapereka thandizo zofunika mphamvu nthaka ndi zombo za Red Army. Thandizeni UK kunali koyenera chifukwa Germany zinkachitika mu mlengalenga.

Asilikali a Karelian Front anali chitetezo pa mizere zotsatirazi: mtsinje Zapadnaya Litsa - Ukhta - Povenets - Nyanja Onega - mtsinje Svir. Pa July 4, mdani kuyenda kwa mtsinje Zapadnaya Litsa, amene anayamba nkhondo aukali. zochita wamagazi kumbuyo zinachititsa kuti m'mbuyo isanayambike magulu ankhondo a 52nd oyenda Division wa Karelian Front. Iye wapereka thandizo yokulirapo kwa Asilikali.

Magulu ankhondo Karelian Front nawo Murmansk ntchito kumbuyo. Iwo anakwanitsa kuletsa pasadakhale umenewu. Kenako, lamulo German anaganiza kuti sadzakhalanso amafuna kutenga mzinda wa Murmansk mu 1941.

M'chaka cha chaka chamawa, Anazi Anafuna kutenga kumbuyo poyamba unachieved kunja - Murmansk. The Red Army, nayenso, anakonza kuchita opareshoni amanyansidwa kusiya asilikali a Wehrmacht kwa mzere malire a USSR. Murmansk amanyansidwa zinachitikadi kale kuposa a ku Germany anali ayambitse kuukira wake. bwino kwambiri uja, koma sanalole achifasizimu atumiza amanyansidwa yake. Popeza Murmansk ntchito pa gawo ili kutsogolo ali okhazikika mpaka chaka cha 1944.

Medvezhegorsk opareshoni

January 3, Karelian mphamvu kutsogolo anapezerapo opaleshoni ina - Medvezhegorsk, chimene chinafika mpaka 10 January 1942 chomwecho. Asilikali Soviet pamalowa kwambiri wolephera mdani mu manambala ndi zipangizo, ndi kuphunzitsa ogwira asilikali. Mdani anali bwino kwambiri mu khalidwe la Nkhondo mu malo amenewa.

M'mawa wa pa January 3, Red Army anapezerapo kuukira ndi yaing'ono zida zankhondo akukhudzidwa. Gawo la Finland Army mwamsanga zimene zinachitika ndipo anayamba lakuthwa ndi zosayembekezeka Union asilikali counterattack. Karelian Front Lamulo analephera bwino kukonza dongosolo kuukira. Asilikali ankachita chitsanzo, kuwakantha m'modzi ndipo olingana malangizo chifukwa cha zimene mdani anatha bwinobwino kutsutsa iwo. A chitetezo wa asilikali Chifinishi bwino kwachititsa zomvetsa yaikulu ndi Red Army.

nkhondo oopsa amene alibe bwino kwambiri, mpaka 10 January. asilikali Soviet akadali anakwanitsa afike 5 Km ndi zambiri kusintha malo awo. Ndi January 10 mdani analandira reinforcements ndipo anasiya nkhondo. asilikali Chifinishi asankha kubwerera ku malo awo akale, koma mphamvu ya Karelian kutsogolo anatha kubweza kuukira awo. Pa opaleshoni, asilikali a Soviet akadali anakwanitsa kumasula m'mudzi wa Velikaya Guba.

Svir-ntchito Petrozavodskaya

M'chaka cha 1944, kumenya nkhondo itakula pambuyo tizigona kuyambira 1943. asilikali Soviet amene pafupifupi m'malo magulu Wehrmacht ku dera la USSR, ntchito Svir-Petrozavodsk zinachitikadi. Iwo anayamba June 21, 1944 ndipo zinatha mpaka 9 August chaka chomwecho. June 21 kuukira sikunathe ku yaikulu yokonza zida zankhondo ndi kunyanyala mpweya kwambiri mdani kumbuyo maudindo. Pambuyo chiyambi cha kugonjetsa Svir Mtsinje, ndipo m'kupita kwa akumenyana ndi asilikali Soviet anakwanitsa kugwira bridgehead mbali inayo. Pa tsiku loyamba la kuukira yaikulu wopambana - magulu Karelian Front patsogolo ndi makilomita 6. Tsiku lachiwiri kumenyana bwino ngakhale wamkulu - mayunitsi wa Red Army anakwanitsa kulikankhira mdani makilomita 12 mzake.

June 23 amanyansidwa watenga 7 Army. Chachikulu kuukira bwinobwino akupangidwa ndi asilikali Chifinishi anayamba mthunzi mopupuluma tsiku lotsatira kuchokera pachiyambi cha opaleshoni. The mbali Chifinishi sanathe kuchita kuukira aliyense wa amadzibisa ndi anakakamizika kuti mupewe kuti Vidlitsa mtsinje, kumene anatenga mbali kumbuyo.

Mu yomweyi, osauka amanyansidwa 32 Army, omwe anakwanitsa analanda mzinda Medvezhegorsk, amene analephera kukwaniritsa mu 1942. June 28, Red Army unkatchedwa zolawula pa mzinda wofunika kwambiri njira - Petrozavodsk. Pamodzi ndi asilikali panyanja ya Red Army anatha amasule mzinda tsiku lotsatira. mbali zonse nkhondoyi zowawa awiri. Komabe, Chifinishi Army analibe mphamvu zatsopano, ndipo iwo anali kukakamizidwa kuti achoke mu mzindawo.

July 2 Karelian Front anayamba kuukira malo adani Vidlitsa mtsinje. Kale mpaka 6 July mfundo zamphamvu Anazi kwathunthu wosweka, ndi Soviet Army anakwanitsa patsogolo zina 35 Km. Aukali nkhondoyo ili mkati mpaka 9 August, koma iwo sanali zimapindulitsa - mdani anali chodzikanira zolimba, ndipo analamula kuti kubetcherana pa tcheru kale analanda udindo.

Zotsatira opareshoni anali kugonjetsedwa mayunitsi mdani amene anagwirizira Chilituyaniya SSR, ndi kumasulidwa kwa dziko. zochitika izi zinachititsa chakuti Finland walandira chifukwa chinanso achire ku nkhondo.

Petsamo-Kirkenes zolawula

7 October 1 November 1944, Red Army, ndi thandizo la zombo unachitikira ku mapeto a bwino ntchito Petsamo-Kirkenes. Pa October 7, wamphamvu zida zankhondo lokonzekera, kenako nagonjetsa anayamba kunachitidwa. M'kupita kwa kuukira bwino ndi kuswa chitetezo cha mdani Pestamo mzinda kwathunthu atazunguliridwa.

Atamaliza bwino anatengedwa Pestamo unatengedwa m'midzi ya Nikel ndi Tarnet, ndi pa chomaliza - mudzi Chinorowe la Kirkenes. Ndi adani ake a asilikali a Soviet anataya katundu wolemera. Mu nkhondo mzindawo ndi thandizo kwambiri ndi asilikali Soviet anali okonda dziko lawo Norway.

The zotsatira za ntchito

Chifukwa cha pamwamba dzina ntchito linakhalanso kumalire ndi Norway ndi Finland. mdani wakhala kwathunthu kuimirira, ndipo anali atayamba kumenyana m'dziko la adani. November 15, 1944 Finland ananena kugonja kwake ndipo anatuluka Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Zotsatirazi zochitika izi, Karelian Front unatha. Mphamvu zazikulu iye pambuyo mbali ya 1 Far East Front, amene mapewa anali tasked kuchita Manchurian tiponye 1945 kugonjetsa asilikali a ku Japan ndi chigawo Chinese a dzina lomweli.

m'malo epilogue ndi

N'zochititsa chidwi yekha pa malo Karelian Front (1941 -. 1945) lopondereza asilikali sanathe kugonjetsa malire Soviet - Anazi sizinayende kuswa chitetezo cha Murmansk. Komanso mu gawo ili ntchito magulu galu, ndipo okha omenyana anamenyera mu nyengo nkhanza kumpoto. Pa Great kukonda dziko lako Karelian Front inali yaikulu mu pati, chifukwa m'litali okwana ukufika makilomita 1,600. Iye analinso ndi mzere olimba.

Karelian Front anali yekhayo wa amadzibisa la Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, amene sanalole paseri pa dzikolo kukonza zida za nkhondo ndi zida. kukonza Izi anaikidwa mu mbali yapadera mu makampani a Karelia ndi dera Murmansk.