Pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Nikitin? Ndakatulo Nikitin Ivan Savvich

Ivan Savich Nikitin - ndakatulo ndi luso ndi wolemba amene ankagwira ntchito malangizo a ndakatulo ubusa. Author ntchito anthu ambiri. Ataona wake wa chilengedwe ndi moyo wa anthu wamba m'mbuyo. Nikitin Ivan Savich, chithunzi zithunzi ndi kuperekedwa m'nkhani, ngakhale onse chikhalidwe evinces ukulu wa mzimu lalikulu nzeru moyo.

Nthawi mu mbiriyakale

The mfundo zikuluzikulu mabuku Russian za m'ma XIX anali kulimbana ndi autocracy ndi serfdom. Time, pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Nikitin - nthawi ya nkhondo yolimbana feudalism, alimbikitsidwe mzimu wakutemwa ndi kubadwa kwa gulu la Decembrists.

Iye anabwera mchikakamizo cha ndiye mabuku ndi Ivan Savich. Iye, malangizo ndakatulo Nekrasov, kawirikawiri kwambiri utoto ntchito yake ndi chikhalidwe m'munsi strata a anthu. ndakatulo wake ndi chibadidwe nkhani, amene momveka bwino zinasonyeza wamba ndi osauka a m'tawuni. Nthawi zambiri mu ntchito za wolemba Mungapeze Echo moyo wake. umphawi Personal analimbikitsanso wolemba ndakatulo ntchito.

Ndakatulo analemba, kutenga chitsanzo cha ntchito za Nekrasov ndi Koltsov, koma izi sizinamulepheretse kukhala kalembedwe wake.

Zimenezo, khalidwe la anthu ambiri nthawi imeneyo, nasindikizapo chizindikiro pa mavesi Ivan Savich Nikitin. Short a wolemba - ndi ululu ndi chimwemwe zinachitika Russian.

wolemba ndakatulo wa ubwana

Ivana Savvicha Nikitina moyo zinali zovuta kuyambira pachiyambi. Koma, mwinamwake, kuwonjezera njira yonse, tsoka akanati anam'patsa talente a.

Nikitin, wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anabadwa pa October 3, 1824 mu Voronezh, mu banja yosavuta opeza. Bambo ake anali munthu wamalonda ndi makandulo pamene ndalama. Kuyambira ali mwana anaphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba mnansi nsapato. Chimwemwe chochuluka mnyamata anabweretsa chirengedwe. Kwa maola iye amakhoza kuyenda kuzungulira dera kusunga kusintha dziko lapansi. Ubwenzi ndi makolo detachment mwanayo sali owopa.

"Ine ndine wokondwa m'dzinja tsembwe: khamu phokoso ndi mumamva kwa ine" - analemba Nikitin Ivan Savvich.

The bambo anali ndi zolinga zazikulu pa mwana wake, kotero adamtumiza kukaphunzira ku seminale. Kumeneko, mwanayo atayesera kulemba ndakatulo kwa nthawi yoyamba.

akakula

Ngakhale mnyamata anapita kunyumba mavuto anayamba. bizinesi sanali kukhala ndi bambo anayamba kumwa. Komanso, ndi khalidwe ozizira kwambiri, anali kusiya galasi ndi mayi a ndakatulo iyi. Chifukwa mavuto a m'banja munthu analibe kuphunzira, ndipo posakhalitsa sukulu. Kuchokera desiki sukulu, ananyamuka kauntala kandulo shopu.

Patapita nthawi mayi anamwalira Ivan Savich. Patapita nthawi, bizinesi yokha kwathunthu wotopa. Ndipo chinthu chokha chimene chimapangitsa munthu wosangalala ndipo anakhala mabuku. Koma zinali zotheka kuyiwala za loto kuphunzira pa yunivesite.

Kufuna kukongola

Choncho mwachisoni anadutsa zaka za moyo wake Nikitina Ivana Savvicha. Kugwira ntchito mwakhama, ndi despot, bambo ataledzera ndi imvi, ofanana limodzi pa masiku ena. Koma mphamvu kuti anakoka ndakatulo wangwiro, zinthu sanathe kubwezera. Iye wokhumba luso lalitali, sichitha amagwa kuyamwa ntchito ya Pushkin, Gogol, Shakespeare, ndi Belinsky amakonda. Kodi panali kandulo shopu, wachinyamata akusintha alendo. Pakati makasitomala nthawi ataledzera ndi achinyamata okhaokha, wolemba ndakatulo m'tsogolo mpata wocheza ndi kulemba ndakatulo.

Unsociable kopanda Nikitin anapeza mu mphindi yochepa chimwemwe kuposa kungotaya zopanda nzeru za nthawi akulankhula kwa anthu. Pang'onopang'ono izo zinayamba kukula ndakatulo. Vesi Ivan Savich Nikitin yochepa koma bwino analemba ndi tanthauzo.

Sitepe yoyamba bwino

Mu November 1853 mnyamata anaganiza zomutumiza ntchito zawo kuti mkonzi. Iwo lofalitsidwa mu "Voronezh Provincial boma yotchedwa Gazette." Ndiye woyambitsa Maina a "I. N. ". Pamene manyuzipepala ntchito Nikolay Vtorov, amene si kungofuna wolemba ndakatulo, koma pambuyo anakhala mnzake wapamtima.

Ntchito mofulumira analandira ndemanga zabwino ndipo anabweretsa kutchuka kwa ndakatulo wamng'ono. Nikitin Ivan Savvich anakhala "wolowa" Koltsov. Iye limawayamikira chikhalidwe wokongola ntchito zake phokoso la chikondi kwa dziko lapansi, iye amakondwerera kukongola kwa ntchito munthu wamba. Komanso, popeza analandira mu bwalo la luntha. Ndiyeno, imazungulira m'dziko la anthu amene ali ndi chidwi.

Chimodzi mwa ndakatulo atatu, amene anatumizidwa kuti mkonzi anali "Lazaro". Mu ntchito iyi ananena ululu wake ndiponso dziko lawo chongotengeka maganizo kugwirizana ndi Crimea nkhondo.

Pierian masika

Ngakhale kutchuka, moyo wa ngwazi za nkhani yathu sanasinthe kwambiri. Ndakatulo Nikitin Ivan Savvich ali sadaleka kuchita akasamalidwe. Atate akadali kumwa, koma zaka za 1854-1856 ubale pakati pawo pang'ono kusintha. Zinkakhalira kuti zinkachitika mu bwalo, nthawi zambiri anauziridwa ndi wolemba. Inu chapansipansi kukambirana anthu wamba, kuti akatidzadza ndi malingaliro a zithunzi latsopano, penyani imvi, koma chidwi moyo. Ndipo kotero kunali koyenera kuti zilandiridwenso Nikitin.

Komanso mu zaka izi ndakatulo iyi ankachita nawo kudziletsa maphunziro, anadziwa ntchito za olemba ena, kuphunzira French.

Kodi mphamvu chobisika auzimu a ndakatulo iyi

M'chaka cha 1855 wolemba ndakatulo nsomba ozizira chifukwa kusambira kuchichepetsa thanzi kale ofooka. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye nkuzinyoza chikhulupiriro ndi anafotokozera maganizo ake ndakatulo. Mu mphindi chisoni cholembera chake anabwera ndakatulo monga "Pemphero" (1851), "The New Testament" (1853), "The kukoma pemphero" (1854). Izi ndi achipembedzo kwambiri pa moyo wake Nikitina Ivana Savvicha. Short mankhwala anagwira kuphweka ake ndi kuya okhutira:

"O Mulungu wanga! Ndipatseni chifuniro mphamvu,

Uma amakayikira kupeza kudzapha. "

Mu 1857, Voronezh masamba mnzanga ochepa wolemba ndakatulo Nikolay Vtorov. Pa kuukira mbuye cholembera wozingwa, nthawi kusiya mphamvu zake za kulenga. Komabe ndi maganizo kwa nthawi yaitali analamulira ndakatulo, ndipo anakumana nazo maganizo ndi kutopa, iye splashes pa pepala. Choncho, chaka chamawa kwa cholembera lake mankhwala "nkhonya". A ndakatulo otsutsa ndi owerenga adazindikira bwino.

Autobiographical "nkhonya"

Mu zaka pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Nikitin, lingaliro linaliponso mu Russia ngati "nkhonya".

Zimatanthauza wamalonda amene sindipindula kuchokera obmeryaet, kulemera cholakwika ndi kunyenga anthu. The ngwazi waukulu wa mankhwala - wamalonda Lukic. Iye ndi cholakwika ndi njira ulemu wa moyo, musazengereze, kunama ndi chinyengo. Aang'ono awa akathyali zinthu - yekha chifukwa chimene iye ankakhala ndi banja lake. Ndakatulo pang'ono mbiri. Wamalonda ndi mkazi wake - makolo mlembi. Iye anafotokoza zochitika za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku - ndi mfundo zimene anaona ndi maso ake.

Ndakatulo "nkhonya" anali wolemera kwambiri nkhani moyo. Ndi izo malongosoledwe atsopano ndi zochititsa chidwi za chilengedwe. Pali magawo kuti akhoza kukhala osadalira ndakatulo, akamwedwa nkhaniyi. Ndakatulo kulandira mutu wa chuma mtunduwo. Palibe ntchito ina sakufotokoza moyo mogwira.

Wolemba ndakatulo a ubwana kunali kovuta, ndipo "nkhonya" - ndi kumlingo mbiri yake. Ivan Savich Nikitin ankakhala nthawi imene akumwa ankakonda kwambiri. Ndakatulo kwathunthu amasonyeza ndiye boma la Russia Ufumu. Choncho, kulongosola mavuto banja lake, iye anafotokoza onse a ndiye anthu.

Sunset moyo waufupi

Patapita chaka, mu 1858, iwo anamasulidwa zosonkhanitsira wachiwiri wa ndakatulo. Otsutsa Sanayamikire ntchito, koma sindinasiye wolemba ndakatulo kuchita zimene iye amakonda. Iye anapitiriza kuphunzira ndipo tsopano tikugwira ntchito yomasulira mabuku, ndipo zimenezi zimamuthandiza kudziwa kwambiri dziko wolemera mabuku.

Mu February 1859 Nikitin akutsegula mabuku, limene linali lofika laibulale. Mu Voronezh, malo ogulitsira amakhala likulu la chikhalidwe cha anthu wamba ndi aluntha.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Nikitin izi ndi Mabukunso kusonkhanitsa maganizo yowala kwambiri anthu.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, thanzi ndakatulo anayamba kutha. Pamene anamva zabwino, ntchito yake apindula ndi ntchito yatsopano. Komabe, pa matenda a ndakatulo sakanakhala chidwi pafupifupi chilichonse chimene anamuzungulira.

"Diary seminarian," wolemba ndakatulo analemba chaka asanafe. Zinali woyamba prose ntchito yake.

Fizi kuti zilandiridwenso zinamuthandiza kuti ndidzakhale wodzidalira pachuma.

Thanzi labwino, iye ankayenda, kuyendera St. Petersburg ndi Moscow, ndi kukhala wochitachita mu kukula chikhalidwe cha Voronezh mbadwa.

May 1861 anasonyeza chakupha kuti ngwazi za nkhani yathu. Ndakatulo ozizira, mwakhama kumenyana ndi matenda.

Sikophweka, yaminga anali yonena wake. Ivan Savich Nikitin anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu 16 October 1861 pa msinkhu wa zaka 37.

ulendo wake kulenga nthawi zaka 8 zokha.

ndakatulo iyi anaikidwa m'manda mu New manda Mitrophanievskoye pafupi chikhalidwe china vospevatelem - Koltsov.

Wolemba ndakatulo anali yekha anabadwa, ndipo anafa Nikitin komanso yekha. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chatsekedwa mwa munthu zinali zovuta kuti ndizicheza ndi anthu. Mayi zapita wamng'ono. Koma atate, ngakhale pamene mwana wake anali atatsala pang'ono kufa, sanafooke botolo.

Nikitin pa moyo wake atatchuka. Panapita pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri kuchokera kubadwa a ndakatulo iyi ndi ndakatulo wake kulemekeza chikhalidwe, wakutemwa molondola zimafalitsa zithunzi za anthu adakali ndi chidwi ndi zogwirizana.